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Biomedical subjects

S Hinohara

Publications and source records attributed to S Hinohara.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Seasonal variation in serum cholesterol levels--evidence from the UK and Japan.

Using data from 140,000 men and 32,000 women in the UK and 30,000 men and 12,000 women in Japan, we performed spectral analyses to test for seasonal variation in serum cholesterol levels. In both countries and both sexes we found a strong seasonal effect, cholesterol levels being some 3-5% higher in winter than in summer. This was independent of seasonal changes in body mass. Mean monthly cholesterol levels were negatively correlated with mean monthly air temperatures (r = -0.60 to -0.71). The observed seasonal differences were larger than the inter-assay coefficient of variation for the cholesterol determination method employed and have important consequences for long-term epidemiological or intervention studies.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1992

Risk factor patterns for coronary heart disease in China, Japan and Germany.

The risk factor patterns for coronary heart disease in China, Japan and Germany were studied. 6,025 Germans, 7,580 Japanese and 2,047 Chinese aged 30-59 were investigated following the protocol of the Göttingen Risk, Incidence, and Prevalence Study carried out in West Germany in 1982. It is concluded that in China, the risk factor intervention focuses mainly on smoking and hypertension; smoking also remains the most important risk factor in Japan; while in Germany the major targets are obesity and hyperlipidemia. However, about 38% of the participants from West Germany showed 3 or more risk factors accumulated per person. Thus the multifactorial risk factor reduction might be necessary in Germany.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Differences in the risk factor patterns for coronary heart disease in China, Japan, and Germany.

In Asia coronary heart disease mortality is almost 10 fold less frequent than in European countries. These findings attract interest to search for different risk factor patterns. From 1982 to 1985 epidemiologic surveys were carried out in China (n = 2047), Japan (n = 7580) and Germany (n = 6052). Healthy, male subjects, aged 30 to 59 years were enrolled. The prevalence rate of hypertension for the Germans was 20% versus 18% for the Japanese, and 11% for the Chinese. About 69% of Chinese, 55% of Japanese, and 37% of Germans were smokers. About 66% of the Germans were overweight (BMI greater than 25), 17% of the Japanese, and 11% of the Chinese. The highest risk group with cholesterol levels of greater than 300 mg/dl included no Chinese subject, 0.1% of the Japanese, but 5% of the Germans. The lipoprotein profiles among the Japanese and the Chinese collectives typically showed antiatherosclerotic characteristics, whereas most Germans exhibited profiles which support development of atherosclerosis. About 36% of the participants from Germany showed 3 or more risk factors accumulated per person (Japan and China 5%). Multifactorial risk factor reduction for Germany is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Physical training of the patients with coronary heart disease: noninvasive strategies for the evaluation of its effects on the oxygentransport system and myocardial ischemia.

To clarify the central effects of physical training on patients with coronary heart disease, 81 subjects were selected for the present study. Evaluations of the oxygen transport system function were performed according to the definition proposed by Bruce and others in terms of FAI (functional aerobic impairment), LVI (left ventricular impairment) or MRI (myocardial reserve impairment), CRI (chronotropic reserve impairment) and PCI (peripheral circulatory impairment). Remarkable improvement in left ventricular impairment was found in those patients with single vessel disease or those who experienced disappearance of chest pain after the completion of the program. In another series of study on myocardial perfusion performed on 11 patients with coronary heart disease, improvement in ischemia was also demonstrated in 7 of 8 patients who revealed redistribution pattern in 201TL exercise stress images specifying myocardial ischemia. In conclusion, exercise training could induce improvements not only the left ventricular functions characterized by increased maximal pressure rate product and maximal heart rate, but also in myocardial ischemia. Further studies are needed to specify its effects, since natural progression or regression of the disease process itself may influence the results.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMed1989

Effects of naloxone on cardiac energy metabolism in hypovolemic shock in rats.

It has been reported that naloxone may be useful in the treatment of hypovolemic shock. However, the effects of naloxone on cardiac energy metabolism in hemorrhagic shock have not been investigated. The effects of naloxone on myocardial metabolism were evaluated in the rats which were bled to a systolic pressure of 40 mmHg and maintained at that pressure for 30 min. Naloxone (10 mg/kg) was administered intravenously 5 min before the heart was removed. Then the intramyocardial high energy phosphates, pyruvate, lactate, and glycogen were measured. Naloxone increased systolic blood pressure and decreased heart rate significantly. However, there were no significant differences in high energy phosphates, energy charge, pyruvate, lactate and glycogen between the control and naloxone groups. These data suggest that naloxone may have no direct effect on the cardiac energy metabolism in a 30-min hypovolemic shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[An epidemiological study on the relationships among HDL-cholesterol, smoking and obesity].

The relationships among high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and other serum lipid items, and active smoking, passive smoking, obesity, alcohol drinking and working status were investigated. This study was performed both in healthy adults and in schoolchildren. The adult group was sampled at random from those who were diagnosed to be healthy by medical examination at the Automated Multiphasic Health Testing and Services Center in Tokai University Hospital, and the schoolchildren group was selected with regular health examinations in a primary school in Tokyo. In the case of adults, it was found that the greater the value of triglyceride (TG), the greater the number of cigarettes smoked. On the other hand, HDL-C decreased with increasing cigarette smoking. Obesity level increased with increasing values of TG, total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) but in the case of HDL-C, the value decreased. Alcohol drinking made the HDL-C level increase. Although the HDL-C level increased slightly with obesity, the relationship between HDL-C and passive smoking was not clear in the case of schoolchildren.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Determination of the blood pressure level in mild hypertension. Significance of 20 minute resting blood pressure measurement comparing to 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring].

Determination of the blood pressure (BP) level in patients with mild hypertension (MHT) is quite difficult, since ulcerations of BP are tremendously exaggerated in the doctor's office. It has been well known that casual BP is less reliable to estimate LVH than BPs obtained at home or work-site. Although 24 hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) has been widely accepted to overcome this problems, it is still controversial whether this method is applicable to all hypertensive subjects with special regards to its cost and effect. Therefore, our study has dealt mainly with the development of more convenient and less expensive method to get reasonable BPs. Twenty two nonmedicated patients with MHT were selected for the study. After taking casual BP in the office, the resting 20 minute BP measurements at every 2 minute interval were performed with Dynamap 950. Ten BP values thus obtained were divided into two categorical phases; early and late. The mean systolic and diastolic pressures (Ps & Pd) in the early phase were significantly higher than those in the late phase. Beside mean Ps and Pd obtained from 24 hour ABPM, 4 categorical phases based on the time of a day were defined; morning (from awaking to noon), afternoon (from noon to 6 pm), evening (from 6 pm to bed time) and night (during sleeping). Mutual correlation coefficients of these categorical BPs were calculated and compared to identify reasonably high significant correlations. The results revealed the highest BP at the office and the lowest one during sleeping. The office BPs closely resembled to the ones during afternoon period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[A case report of hypoxia in a child after renal transplantation].

A 4 year-old boy underwent renal transplantation and the kidney was given by his mother. Anesthesia was induced slowly with halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. The trachea was intubated with pancuronium and the anesthesia was switched to neurolept anesthesia. Blood, plasmanate and crystalloid were infused in order to increase the circulatory blood volume measuring the CVP before the kidney was transplanted because it was so large for the child that it could not be perfused adequately. The spontaneous breathing and soon the recovery followed immediately after the end of operation. However, the patient became hypoxic on the next day probably due to the aspiration of gastric juice. He recovered from hypoxia after 3 days since the aspiration pneumonia was not severe. When the adult kidney is transplanted into a very small child, gastric juice can easily be regurgitated because of the high intraabdominal pressure. Therefore, we must be careful when a child undergoes renal transplantation.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1989

[Anesthetic management in surgery of a descending aortic aneurysm in an eighteen-month-old boy].

Aortic aneurysm occurs rarely in childhood. Most aneurysms in children are associated with conditions such as Marfan's syndrome, coarctation of the aorta, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and neurofibromatosis. We report a case of descending thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm in an eighteen month old boy with a mask-like face, ocular hypertelorism, blepharoptosis, a high arched palate and low set ears. He was scheduled for a bypass graft of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta under partial cardiopulmonary bypass. High dose morphine anesthesia (2mg/kg) was employed and halothane was used to control the blood pressure. To our knowledge, anesthetic management of such an infant had not been reported. Therefore, we anesthetized this child according to anesthetic managements for adult cases considering carefully the boy's multiple anomalies. Anesthetic managements for the surgery of aortic aneurysms in childhood are discussed.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1989

[Studies on evaluation of the oxygen transport system function with multistage treadmill stress testing: comparison between normal control subjects and patients with coronary heart disease].

The oxygen transport system (OTS) function was evaluated with multistage treadmill stress testing on 171 normal control subjects and 80 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). After Bruce's definition, OTS function was expressed with functional aerobic impairment (FAI), left ventricular impairment (LVI) or myocardial aerobic impairment (MAI), heart rate impairment (HRI) or chronotropic reserve impairment (CRI) and peripheral circulatory impairment (PCI). All subjects were monitored on heart rate, blood pressure, electrocardiogram and endtidal O2 and CO2 before and every one minute during the symptom limited maximal stress testing. Seventy three of 80 coronary patients were subjected to the coronary arteriography and were classified into four groups; 31 with single vessel disease (SVD), 20 with double vessel disease (DVD), 15 with triple vessel disease (TVD) and 7 with A-C bypass surgery. Comparison between normal control subjects and the CHD patients with regard to the relation of age and VO2max derived from the linear regression analysis disclosed the identical age-related decrease in VO2max in both groups. The age corrected VO2max in the CHD patients, however, was 2.2 METS less than that of normal control subjects. Therefore, the level of VO2max in CHD patients was determined not only by disease, but also by ageing process itself. Comparisons among three CHD groups with regard to FAI, LVI, HRI and PCI clearly demonstrated different functional impairments paralleling to the severity of the disease process. On the other hand, the patients with A-C bypass surgery revealed almost identical functional impairment to the patients with SVD. In conclusion, these simple and noninvasive evaluations of the oxygen transport system could give us valuable informations reasonably differentiating the clinical status of the patients with CHD.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Prediction of the progression of cardiac hypertrophy in middle-aged mild hypertensives.

To investigate the predictive value of exercise tests and diastolic function measurements for the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy, symptom-limited treadmill stress testing and echocardiography were performed before and after a follow-up period of 3.5 years in 47 mild hypertensive men aged 42 +/- 2 years. The men were classified into three groups by the progression of the left ventricular mass index (%LVMI) during the observation, i.e. (LVMI after follow-up) - (LVMI before follow-up)/(LVMI before follow-up). The high-progression group (n = 13) had a %LVMI exceeding mean +/- 2/3s.d. of all subjects; the low-progression group (n = 21) had a %LVMI within mean +/- 2/3s.d. and the non-progression group (n = 13) had a %LVMI less than mean -2/3s.d. At the beginning of the observation, age, blood pressure at rest, LVMI, ejection fraction, mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening, peak shortening rate and systolic time intervals (ET/PEP, ratio of ejection time to pre-ejection period) were similar among the three groups. However, the high-progression group showed a higher systolic pressure at peak exercise, a lower peak filling rate and a longer time to peak filling rate (TPFR) as corrected by the R-R interval of the ECG. These data suggest that systolic pressure at peak exercise and echocardiographically assessed diastolic function are useful in predicting the progression of cardiac involvement in mild hypertension.

Adult↗