Maternal and neonatal hemostatic correlation.
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Antithrombins↗
Biomedical subjects
S Hirokawa
Publications and source records attributed to S Hirokawa.
Synergistic stimulating effect between cyclic AMP and phorbol ester on plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 production in human promyelocytic leukemia cell line PL-21.
We investigated the effect of agents which raise intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) and protein kinase C activators on the production of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 (PAI-2) by cultured human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, PL-21. As previously reported, PMA, a protein kinase C activator, showed a strong stimulating effect on the PAI-2 production. 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG), another synthetic protein kinase C activator, also showed a stimulating effect, which was, however, much less than that of PMA. The agents which raise intracellular cAMP, dibutyryl cAMP, 8-bromo cAMP, prostaglandin E1, and 3-isobutyl-1-methyl-xanthine, little increased the PAI-2 production when tested alone, but showed significant synergistic effects with PMA or OAG. The synergistic effect between PMA and dibutyryl cAMP was further verified by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting using a monoclonal antibody against the PAI-2. It is interesting that the up-regulation of PAI-2 by cAMP and the synergistic effect with PKC activators forms a contrast to the previous reported bi-directional regulation of endothelial PAI-1 secretion by PKC activator and cAMP.
Bucladesine↗
Effects of variation on extensor elements and operative procedures in patellofemoral disorders.
The influence of both insertion and strength/elasticity of each extensor in patellofemoral disorders was fully investigated through a two-dimensional mathematical model analysis in a horizontal plane, in combination with experimental design theory for analyzing mutually correlated influences. In the model, patellofemoral joint profiles projected on a horizontal plane have been expressed as spline functions. Each muscle of the quadriceps has been represented as a string pulled by the respective force; fascias and tendons have been represented by springs. Nonlinear equations have been constructed to represent the forces involved, and then solved by numerical iteration. An analysis of variance was performed on the data derived from a series of simulations, obtaining the following results. The strength of most extensors has been shown to have an influence on the increase in lateral contact force but not patellar translation. The tibial tubercle position has significant influence on both patellar translation and lateral contact force. The quadriceps' insertion on the femur has no influence on patellar translation. The insertion of each extensor on the patella has been shown to have a strong effect on patellar translation but not on contact force.
Aged↗
[Activities of antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II in patients with pathologic blood coagulation conditions].
To investigate the physio-pathological functions of HC-II, assays for HC-II and AT-III were performed simultaneously on the samples from patients with DIC, liver dysfunction or renal disease from the three view points of consumption, production and loss of AT-III and HC-II. For the AT-III activity, two kinds of assays were applied: the automatic chromogenic substrate method and a newly developed clotting method which receives no effects from HC-II activity. The activity of HC-II was significantly lower than that of AT-III in patients with either DIC or liver dysfunction. However, no significant difference between HC-II and AT-III activities in patients with either thrombosis or renal disease. There were high correlations between HC-II and AT-III activities were found in the patients with liver dysfunction, suggesting that low activity was due to decreased production of HC-II and AT-III in the liver. It will be necessary that elucidation of the significant functions of HC-II not only in coagulation and hemostasis but also in regulation of local inflammation and invasion of neoplasm is necessary.
Adult↗
The clinical pharmacokinetics of two different preparations of intrarectal ketoprofen following spinal or local anesthesia for anal surgery.
Two different preparations of commercially available suppositories containing Ketoprofen (KP) were administered to 49 patients immediately following anal surgery. The KP was prepared as either fatty suppositories (FS) or gelatin capsulated suppositories (GCS) and surgery was performed under either spinal (n = 37) or local anesthesia (n = 12). Similar results were observed in the kinetics of KP after both FS and GCS administration. The extent of bioavailability of the two dosage forms in the patient groups and control subjects (n = 10) were essentially equal. When the pharmacokinetic parameters of KP were compared between patient groups under spinal and local anesthesia, significant differences were found in the values of the peak level (C max), peak time (T max), and terminal phase half-life (t 1/2). The C max decreased by one-half, while the T max and t 1/2 increased twice and four times, respectively, in patient operated on under spinal anesthesia compared to those operated on under local anesthesia. The absorption rate constant (Ka) following spinal anesthesia was significantly less than that following local anesthesia or that of the healthy subjects (p less than 0.01). A "flip-flop" phenomena could be seen in the time profiles of plasma KP concentration following spinal anesthesia.
Administration, Rectal↗
Three-dimensional mathematical model analysis of the patellofemoral joint.
This paper is concerned with a mathematical model analysis of the patellofemoral joint in the human knee, taking into account the articular surface geometry and mechanical properties of the ligament. It was made by the application of a computer-aided design theory (previously studied) and it was possible to express the articular surface geometries in a mathematical formulation and hence elucidate the joint movement mechanics. This method was then applied to a three-dimensional geometrical model of the patellofemoral joint. For the modelling of tendofemoral contact at large angles of knee flexion, the geodestic line theory was adopted. Applying the Newton-Raphson method and the Runge-Kutta Gil method to the model, variables such as patellar attitudes, patellofemoral contact force and tensile force of the patellar ligament for various knee flexion angles were computed. Applying the Hertzian elastic theory, contact stress was also computed. These results showed good agreement with the previously reported experimental results. As an application for the model, some parameter analyses were performed in terms of the contact stress variations and compared with those of the normal knee. The simulation results indicated that both the Q-angle increase and decrease increased contact stress, the patella alta showed undulating variations of stress while the patella infera showed little change of stress, and the tibial tuberositas elevation showed 20-30% reduction of stress.
Aged↗
[Development of sensory feedback system for the lower prosthesis--about structure of the device (author's transl)].
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Adult↗
Anterior-posterior and rotational displacement of the tibia elicited by quadriceps contraction.
The anterior-posterior displacement and rotation of the tibia elicited by isolated loading of the quadriceps muscle was determined as a function of joint angle and muscle load using a computerized radiographic technique. Data collected from 12 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees demonstrated that quadriceps contraction can result in significant (less than 7 mm) anterior displacement of the tibia in the range of 0 degrees to 80 degrees of flexion, and a mild (less than 2 mm) posterior displacement in the range of 80 degrees to 120 degrees of flexion. Peak anterior displacement of 6.3 mm was observed at 30 degrees of flexion under a 12 kg load in the quadriceps, while a constant 1.5 mm posterior displacement was observed throughout flexion angles exceeding 80 degrees. It was further shown that the magnitude of the anterior displacement increased nonlinearly as the quadriceps force increased. Loading of the quadriceps also resulted in internal rotation of the tibia in the range of 0 degrees to 90 degrees of flexion, and in external rotation of the tibia in the range of 90 degrees to 120 degrees. Peak internal rotation of 7 degrees was observed at 15 degrees of flexion and a peak external rotation of 1 degrees was detected at 120 degrees of flexion. Larger quadriceps load resulted in larger rotation. We concluded that quadriceps contraction during knee extension has direct impact on anterior displacement and rotation of the tibia and therefore on anterior cruciate ligament stress, increasing it as the muscle's force is increased during knee extension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗