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Biomedical subjects

S Hobson

Publications and source records attributed to S Hobson.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Migration of endoscopic biliary stent and small bowel perforation within an incisional hernia.

Long-term complications from biliary stents, such as migration and perforation, are unusual but may occur. Distal perforations most commonly involve the colon or distal ileum. This report describes the case of a perforated small bowel, secondary to a stent trapped within an incisional hernia. Patients with comorbid abdominal pathologies, including colonic diverticulae or abdominal herniae, may be at increased risk of perforation from migrated stents.

Appendectomy↗
PubMed2005

No influence of body mass index on early outcome following total hip arthroplasty.

We reviewed patients who had undergone total hip arthroplasties between January 2000 and October 2002 in order to determine whether a high body mass index (BMI) results in an increase in complications or re-operations. We compared 179 hip arthroplasties in 162 patients with an average BMI of 22.5 (18.6-24.9) with 164 hip arthroplasties in 151 age-matched patients with an average BMI of 33.3 (30-39.6). There was no difference in satisfaction between obese and non-obese patients following arthroplasty using a self-administered validated questionnaire (obese = 91%, non-obese = 93%, p=0.84). At a minimum of one year follow up, there was no statistically significant difference in the rates of complication (obese = 8.7%, non-obese = 7.6%, p=0.76) or revision surgery (obese = 3.6%, non-obese = 3.2%, p=0.85). In the short term a BMI >30 plays no role in an increase in complications or re-operation.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Validity of the clinical diagnosis of the basal cell carcinoma in primary health care].

OBJECTIVE: To measure the validity of the clinical diagnosis of the basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in primary care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Primary health care Area 8 in Madrid. PATIENTS AND ITNERVENTIONS: A study was carried out on a group of patients that had been histopathologically diagnosed of BCC and on another that had received any of the most frequent differential diagnoses. A sample estimate was made with the most unfavourable situation of a sensitivity and a specificity of 50%, a precision of 5%, a confidence of 95% and losses of 20%. It was estimated that 962 cases were necessary. MEASUREMENTS: The histopathological diagnosis (gold standard) were compared to the clinical diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios and global value were estimated. RESULTS: 963 patients were included of which 7.6% were lost 890 cases were studied, 491 with BCC and 399 with differential diagnoses. The most frequent location of BCC was the face (65.8%). Sensitivity was 27.5% (95% CI, 23.531.5%), specificity 90.5% (95% CI, 87.5-93.5%), the global value of 55.7% (95% CI, 52.7-58.7%), positive predictive value, 78.0% (95% CI, 72.084.0%) and negative predictive value 50,3% (95% CI, 46.354.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Validity was moderate with low sensitivity and very low positive predictive value, the latter estimated for its expected prevalence. The clinical diagnosis of BCC in primary health care must be complemented with other diagnostic tests.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Induction of labour: a comparison of two methods with particular concern to patient acceptability.

Induction of labour is a common obstetric intervention. When the cervix is unfavourable ripening agents are used, commonly prostaglandin E2. There are several methods of administration of prostaglandin E2 and little comparative work has been performed as to their acceptability by patients. Patients undergoing induction of labour by prostaglandin E2 were randomised to receive either intravaginal gel or an intravaginal slow-release pessary. Patient satisfaction with the method received was then assessed. Sixty-nine patients were randomised, 34 to receive gel and 35 to receive a pessary. Median scores for satisfaction of the induction process were the same for both methods; however, satisfaction with the labour was increased with those who had been randomised to the pessary group (median pessary=5, gel=4). There may be a marginal improvement in patient satisfaction when a slow-release intravaginal prostaglandin E2 pessary is used for the induction of labour.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

Petline working well.

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Animal Identification Systems↗
PubMed2000

Studies on the attenuation phenotype of polio vaccines: poliovirus RNA polymerase derived from Sabin type 1 sequence is temperature sensitive in the uridylylation of VPg.

Determinants of temperature sensitivity and/or attenuation in Sabin type 1 poliovirus reside in the 5' NTR and coding sequences of the capsid proteins and viral RNA polymerase, 3D(pol). Previous studies have implicated at least two mutations in 3D(pol) of Sabin 1 vaccine strain [PV1(S)], including a Y73H change, as contributing to these phenotypes. We have used an in vitro assay to test the first step in RNA synthesis, the uridylylation of the terminal protein VPg with 3D(pol) isolated from PV1(S). Wt and two mutant 3D(pol) proteins (Y73H, D53N/Y73H) were expressed in Escherichia coli and were purified, and their activities were measured in the synthesis of VPgpU(pU) and of VPg-linked poly(U) at 30 and 39.5 degrees C. Our results show that at 39.5 degrees C the Y73H mutation leads to a defect in the synthesis of VPgpUp(U) and of VPg-poly(U) but not in the elongation of a (dT)(15) primer. The double mutant protein had the same activities as Y73H 3D(pol). Using the yeast two-hybrid assay, we detected a reduced interaction between 3D(pol) molecules carrying either the single or double mutations. Tyrosine-73 maps to the finger domain in the three-dimensional structure of 3D(pol). A model will be presented in which a change of Y73 to H73 may interfere with an interaction between two polymerase molecules that, in turn, may interfere with VPg uridylylation. Alternative explanations, however, cannot be excluded at the present time.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Functional calcium-sensing receptor expression in ovarian surface epithelial cells.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine whether human ovarian surface epithelial cells express calcium-sensing receptors and whether changes in extracellular calcium modulate the proliferation of these cells. STUDY DESIGN: Ovarian surface epithelial cells from normal patients and from ovarian tumors were tested for calcium-sensing receptor expression by Northern hybridization and immunoblot analysis. Functional responses to agonists of the calcium-sensing receptor were monitored by inositol triphosphate analysis and measurements of intracellular calcium release. The effect of extracellular calcium on proliferation was monitored by thymidine incorporation and growth curve analysis. RESULTS: Increasing extracellular calcium above 0.8 mmol/L produces a marked proliferative response in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Both normal and transformed cells express calcium-sensing receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein; some tumor lines overexpress calcium-sensing receptor messenger ribonucleic acid. The calcium-sensing receptors in normal ovarian surface epithelial cells respond to the agonist gadolinium with increases in inositol triphosphate production and calcium release. CONCLUSION: Human ovarian surface epithelial cells are growth regulated by extracellular calcium, and calcium-sensing receptors may mediate this response.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Legal aspects of dementia.

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Commitment of Persons with Psychiatric Disorders↗
PubMed1997

Thapsigargin-induced gene expression in nonexcitable cells is dependent on calcium influx.

Agents such as thapsigargin and endothelin elevate intracellular calcium levels by a combination of calcium release from intracellular stores and calcium influx across the plasma membrane; however, the relative contribution of influx vs. release in modulating calcium-dependent gene expression is not as well understood in nonexcitable cells as in excitable cells. In this report we have been able to separate thapsigargin-induced elevation of intracellular calcium into release and influx components, using carboxyamido-triazole (CAI), a known inhibitor of calcium influx with antiproliferative activity against a number of human carcinomas, to selectively inhibit influx without affecting release. The results of these experiments indicate that the ability of thapsigargin to induce calcium-dependent gene expression in nonexcitable cells is dependent on the induction of calcium influx, presumably through store-operated calcium channels. CAI treatment specifically inhibited thapsigargin- or endothelin-stimulated expression from the c-fos promoter in Rat-1 cells and in epithelial cell lines derived from ovary and breast. Use of the VL30 model system confirmed the ability of CAI to inhibit calcium-dependent gene expression and further demonstrated that the ability of elevated calcium to synergize with other signaling pathways required close temporal coupling. In addition to inhibiting endothelin-induced calcium influx, CAI treatment also resulted in a partial inhibition of IP3 production and calcium release. CAI treatment also blocked the increase in ERK1 kinase activity observed in response to either endothelin or thapsigargin, suggesting a role for calcium influx in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The effects of a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist (ICI 169,369) on changes in waking EEG, pupillary responses and state of arousal in human volunteers.

1. ICI 169,369 (2-(2-dimethylamino ethylthio)-3-phenyl quinoline) is a potent selective competitive antagonist of the 5-HT2 receptor in animal models. Effects of ICI 169,369 as single oral doses (80 and 120 mg) separated by 1 week, on the power spectrum of waking EEG, dark adapted pupil responses and sedation score, were studied in a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised cross over within subject comparison, in six healthy male volunteers. 2. Pupillary responses were measured using a portable infrared pupillometer following 15 min dark adaptation, assessing resting vertical pupil diameter (RPD), light constricted diameter (MPD) and recovered final diameter (FPD) at the end of a 3 s measurement cycle. 3. Both doses of ICI 169,369 produced a mean 36% (range 10-54%) decrease in log 10 power of the waking EEG alpha activity with eyes closed (P less than 0.02), and mean 38% (range 2-86%) increase in theta activity at 2 h compared with placebo. 4. Both 80 and 120 mg doses of ICI 169,369 reduced RPD by approximately 30% from a predose value of 6.25 mm (+/- 0.87; 95% CI) and from placebo values 6.41 mm (+/- 1.06) and 7.48 mm (+/- 1.49) at 3 and 5 h after dosing. MPD was reduced by 50% with the 120 mg dose at 5 h after dosing (placebo 5.2 mm; ICI 169,369 2.7 mm; P less than 0.05). FPD was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) by both doses at 3 h after dosing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Healthy volunteer studies in Great Britain: the results of a survey into 12 months activity in this field.

1. A survey has been conducted amongst 459 members of the Clinical Section of the British Pharmacological Society to ascertain facts about the administration of drugs to healthy volunteers over the period October 1986 to September 1987. 2. A response rate of 87.1% was obtained with 114 individuals being involved in healthy volunteer studies. After exclusion of duplicate returns from the same unit 98 questionnaires were analysed. 3. Drugs were given in the year under review to 8163 healthy volunteers for research purposes. Minor adverse effects were reported in 565 (6.9%), moderately severe adverse effects in 45 (0.55%) and potentially life threatening adverse effects in 3 (0.04%). No lasting sequelae were reported. 4. Drugs were given to 7607 healthy student volunteers as part of class teaching practicals. Minor adverse effects were reported in 6.0% of student exposures but no moderately severe or life threatening adverse effects were reported. 5. The risk involved in healthy volunteer studies is very small indeed but some suggestions are made as a result of the questionnaire to improve further the safety of these studies.

Drug Evaluation↗
PubMed1987

Aminocaproic acid reduces the risk of secondary hemorrhage in patients with traumatic hyphema.

In a prospective, randomized, double-masked study, 34 patients (34 eyes) with nonperforating ocular injury and traumatic hyphema were treated with either aminocaproic acid (Amicar), 100 mg/kg every four hours, up to a maximum of 30 g/d, or placebo for five days. None of 21 patients who were treated with aminocaproic acid rebled, while three (23%) of 13 patients who were treated with placebo rebled. This difference was statistically significant. Of the three patients who rebled, two required surgical intervention, with one patient requiring four surgical procedures. Although complications following aminocaproic acid therapy included light-headedness, nausea and vomiting, and systemic hypotension, only one patient was withdrawn from the study because of drug-related adverse reactions. This study strongly confirms that aminocaproic acid therapy significantly reduces the incidence of secondary hemorrhage following traumatic hyphema.

Aminocaproates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Defining anemia in a preadolescent African American population.

Preadolescents often have poor nutritional habits. Demands for rapid growth require essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence/incidence of anemia in this age group and to identify possible predictors of anemia in African American preadolescents. A retrospective chart review of 455 African American preadolescents enrolled in two school-based clinics was conducted. Thirty percent of the sample had hematocrit values below 37% for males and below 35% for females. These data showed that anemia is an understated problem among African American preadolescents. No identifiable predictors were found; therefore routine screening for anemia is an essential component of the preadolescent annual health examination.

Adolescent↗