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Biomedical subjects

S Hofmann

Publications and source records attributed to S Hofmann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

A short multilingual quality of life questionnaire--practicability, reliability and interlingual homogeneity.

International cooperative clinical trials require a multilingual quality of life questionnaire. The 'International Society for Chemo- and Immunotherapy' therefore designed a study to develop and test a 'health accentuated' quality of life questionnaire in the eight languages spoken in this society. The objective was to examine practicability, reliability and interlingual homogeneity. Versions of the questionnaire in Czech, German, Hungarian, Italian, Kroatian, Polish, Romanian and Slovakian have been prepared. The results are based on data of 1,104 adult patients. They demonstrate that the developed questionnaire is practicable. Patients need 10-15 min to answer it, usually without assistance. The proportion of missing values is for all but two questions less than 3%. The questionnaire also found high acceptance reflected by only 2.7% refusals. It is reasonably reliable in each language. Interlingual homogeneity could be shown by demonstration of strong structural similarities between the different versions using multidimensional scaling, factor analysis and comparison of mean profiles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Expression pattern of a tobacco lipid transfer protein gene within the shoot apex.

A genomic clone coding for a putative lipid transfer protein was isolated from Nicotiana tabacum. The gene is expressed in all aerial organs of the tobacco plant, with expression being highest in the upper part of the plant and declining towards the base (i.e. with increasing age). In the shoot apex transcript levels are highest in the LI layer, lower in the underlying cell layers, and are again higher in the submeristem region. This pattern is markedly different from those previously described for genes expressed within the shoot apex.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1991

Divergent genes for translation initiation factor eIF-4A are coordinately expressed in tobacco.

Three cDNA clones coding for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A, eIF-4A, were isolated from a Nicotiana plumbaginifolia root cDNA library by heterologous screening. The clones comprise two distinct gene classes as two clones are highly similar while the third is divergent. The genes belong to a highly conserved gene family, the DEAD box supergene family, although the divergent clone contains a DESD box rather than the characteristic DEAD box. The two clones are representatives of separate small multigene families in both N. plumbaginifolia and N. tabacum. Representatives of each family are coordinately expressed in all plant organs examined. The 47 kD polypeptide product of one clone, overexpressed in E. coli, crossreacts immunologically with a rabbit reticulocyte eIF-4A polyclonal antibody. Taken together the data suggest that the two Nicotiana eIF-4A genes encode translation initiation factors. The sequence divergence and the coordinate expression of the two Nicotiana eIF-4A families provide an excellent system to determine if functionally distinct eIF-4A polypeptides are required for translation initiation in plants.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Glucagonoma syndrome is an underdiagnosed clinical entity.

Glucagonomas, considered among the rarest of the islet cell neoplasms, produce a well-defined clinical syndrome characterized by necrolytic migratory erythema, diabetes mellitus, glossitis, anemia, and weight loss. This report describes seven patients with glucagonoma treated at our institution. All seven had the characteristic dermatologic manifestations, present from 1 to 6 years prior to diagnosis. Five patients had extensive disease at the time of initial operation, three of whom underwent aggressive cytoreductive surgery, whereas the other two had biopsy only. The remaining two patients presented with a single nodule each, underwent distal pancreatectomy and splenectomy, and remain free of disease 2 and 6 years postoperatively. Earlier recognition of the distinctive physical findings peculiar to this syndrome should increase survival. Aggressive cytoreductive surgery results in prolonged remission.

Female↗
PubMed1990

First description of mechanoreceptors in the corpus adiposum infrapatellare of man.

The sensory innervation of the corpus adiposum infrapatellare of the human knee joint was studied by light microscopy. Small lamellated corpuscles (pacinian corpuscles) were found in the adipose tissue of the corpus adiposum infrapatellare. The lamellated corpuscles measured about 20 microns and consisted of 3-4 lamellae. It is discussed whether the corpus adiposum infrapatellare might perform a sensory function, influencing the muscle tone via polysynaptic reflexes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

[Epidemiology of occupational dermatoses in the Potsdam district (V)].

An epidemiological study focusing on the 1981 to 1985 occupational-dermatosis incidence was carried out, based on the medical-opinion data at the Potsdam County Council Occupational Hygiene Board, and comparisons were made with the results of previous studies. Occupational skin diseases accounted for 46 per cent of all cases and cases of BK 80 (BK stands for occupational disease recognised by GDR law) for 34.7 per cent, which is a 13.6 per cent increase over against the previous study covering the 1976 to 1980 period. A steady increase was found in the percentage of women with an occupational eczema (1981-1985: 66.2 per cent). Of all the eczema cases recognised as occupational diseases, 8.6 per cent had no allergic etiology. Among the various branches of occupation, the health service ranked first for the first time, accounting for 26.1 per cent. With regard to individual occupations too, the medical staff showed the highest incidence (20.8 per cent), followed by bricklayers and concrete workers (8.6 per cent), electroplating workers (6.7 per cent) and milkers (6.4 per cent). The allergens most frequently responsible for the occupational-eczema cases were formaldehyd (24.6 per cent), chromium compounds (15.7 per cent), nickel (15.6 per cent) and rubber ingredients (10.6 per cent). As compared with previous studies, there was an increase in terms of formaldehyde and nickel and a decrease in terms of turpentine oil, chromates and rubber ingredients. While one in five occupational contact eczema patients had to put up with occupational and social drawbacks in the course of their rehabilitation in the past, a substantial improvement has now been achieved by comprehensive organising measures taken by the Potsdam County Council Occupational-Hygiene Board.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Oral hygiene analysis, prosthesis hygiene and prosthesis stomatitis of old aged people--conclusions for gerostomatological care].

The oral health behaviour of old aged people, especially by pensioners in old people's homes or nursing homes is unsatisfactory, and is influenced from different social factors and social conditions. People with insufficient oral and prosthesis hygiene fall more frequent ill with prosthesis stomatitis compared to prosthesis wearers with clean artificial dentures. In addition the dental prosthesis care is not a part of daily personal hygiene in these investigated old people's homes. Patients and nurses are inadequate enlightened of oral hygiene measures.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Six myosin heavy chain isoforms are expressed during chick breast muscle development.

Two major embryonic myosin heavy chains are expressed in embryonic chick breast muscle until the first week after hatching. Of these, one is already detected in the 8-day-old embryo. The other appears on day 12. Two putative slow embryonic isoforms represent minor components transiently expressed between days 8 and 12. A neonatal heavy chain is expressed at low concentrations on day 8 and increases with development. It is the only isoform two weeks after hatching, and is ultimately replaced by the fast myosin heavy chain in the adult muscle.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Circadian rhythm in the light response of rat retinal disk-shedding and autophagy.

Under a light-dark cycle, disk-shedding and autophagy in the rat retina peak in the early and mid light phase, respectively. Under constant conditions, disk-shedding and autophagy responses after light stimulation were elicited at different time points of a 24-h cycle. The greatest magnitude of response occurred in the late dark and early light phase. Thus there is a circadian variation of the light response of important metabolic parameters in the mammalian retina. Inhibition of dopamine synthesis during the early light phase caused a significant dampening of the light responses of both disk-shedding and autophagy.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Cytological diagnosis of thyroiditis (author's transl)].

In 2347 patients fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland was performed. In 49 cases (2.1%), a final diagnosis of thyroiditis was established. Non-specific granulomatous thyroiditis occurred most frequently (n = 24), followed by lymphocytic hypertrophic thyroiditis Hashimoto (n = 18), focal lymphocytic (n = 5), atrophic lymphocytic (n = 1) and chronic fibrosing thyroiditis (n = 1). Fine needle aspiration biopsy is most suited to diagnose granulomatous thyroiditis. In Hashimoto's thyroiditis cytological investigations are superior to estimation of thyroglobulin antibodies. The cytological method is of little value for the diagnosis of atrophic lymphocytic and chronic fibrosing thyroiditis.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1979

[Non bacterial thyreoiditis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis (author's transl)].

Retrospective analysis of signs, symptoms, and laboratory data (BSR, thyroid scan, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, TRH-test and antibodies against thyroglobulin) was performed on 68 individuals. Diagnosis of subacute and of chronic thyreoiditis was proven in 26 patients and 21 patients respectively by cytological examination. It was excluded by the same procedure in 21 patients, in whom there were some indications of these two kinds of thyroiditis. The following mosaic of clinical and laboratory parameters showed a sensitivity of 0.73 at specificity of 0.95 for diagnosis and exclusion of the two diseases: spontaneous pain, pain by palpation, fever, elevated BSR, thyroid scan, free thyroxine index, and TRH-test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in parodontopathy (author's transl)].

In a total of 20 patients (of these 8 without parodontopathy and 12 with parodontitis marginalis profunda), a quantitative scintigraphy of the jaw bones was carried out after application of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate with a gamma camera computer system. In 8 patients without parodontopathies, approximately the same metabolic activity in the bone was found in the os occipitale as well as in the mandible and maxilla. The 12 patients with parodontitis marginalis profunda showed in contrast to this an appreciable raised bone metabolism in the region of the affected jaw bone. This finding was in agreement with corresponding alterations in the X-ray of the jaw. The use of bone scintigraphy in marginal parodontopathies thus provides in addition to the radiological finding information on processes of bone transformation and degradation which can be registered quantitatively. Digital analysis enables control of the course of therapie.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[The normal liver-spleen scintigram with the gamma camera (author's transl)].

In 104 patients without liver disease, liver spleen scintigrams were analysed according to uniform criteria. The scintigrams were taken after application of 99mTc-sulfur colloid in at least six projections with the gamma camera and coupled data processing. As a significant difference compared to scanner scintigraphy, a non-homogeneous storage pattern is frequently also found in the healthy liver, especially in the ventral projection. Superimpositions or impressions caused by extra- or intrahepatic structures were also more frequent and more pronounced than with scanner scintigraphy. As expected, there were no appreciable differences with regard to the liver forms. The following quantitative parameters were determined (mean +/- SD): maximum vertical diameter of the liver: 199 +/- 20.0 mm, maximum horizontal diameter: 219 +/- 19.8 mm; liver area (ventral projection): 187 +/- 27.3 cm2; spleen area (dorsal projection): 55.3 +/- 15.9 cm2; index of liver size (liver area divided by the normal weight of the patient as determined from a given table): mean +/- SD = 2.69 +/- 0.58 (ventral projection); spleen area index (spleen area divded by body surface): mean = 3.03 +/- 0.81 (dorsal projection). The choice of projection did not have any appreciable effect on the area dimensions and indices, so that with super-imposition of organs these values can be determined with sufficient accuracy even from oblique projections.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Exceptional clinical courses of granulomatous colitis in children and adolescents (author's transl)].

Acute complications are known in chronic ulcerative colitis as well as in Crohn's colitis. They can rarely be seen also in childhood and adolescence. Massive rectal bleeding, particularly acute toxic dilatation of the large bowel should be treated surgically after a short-term medical therapy. The procedure of choice is the one stage proctocolectomy. Alternatively the method described by TURNBULL performing a loop ileostomy and several colostomies can be used. Besides the clinical symptoms and signs more than 8 stools and a temperature of more than 38 degrees C in the first 24 hours of hospitalisation can predict a severe clinical course.

Adolescent↗