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Biomedical subjects

S Holden

Publications and source records attributed to S Holden.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Media manipulation of adolescents' personal level judgements regarding consequences of smokeless tobacco use.

Videotapes were developed to try to impact on personal level judgements of concern and risk in the context of smokeless tobacco use, a growing substance use problem in adolescents. In a within-and-between-subjects design, convincingness (i.e., dramatic portrayal) of the videotaped message (high and low) and perceived probability of consequences portrayed in the message (high and low) were manipulated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Cyclophosphamide and thiotepa with autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients with solid tumors.

Autologous bone marrow transplantation to avoid dose-limiting myelosuppression may allow significant drug dose escalations and exploitation of the linear-log correlation between chemotherapy and tumor cytotoxicity. In a phase I trial of cyclophosphamide and thiotepa (with subsequent addition of melphalan), 23 patients were entered; there were two deaths due to toxic effects. The maximum tolerated dose was 6 g of cyclophosphamide/m2 and 720 mg of thiotepa/m2. No significant dose of melphalan could be added. Stomatitis was dose limiting. Eleven of 20 patients who were able to be evaluated responded. Plasma thiotepa concentrations correlated more closely with toxicity and response than with drug dose level. Continuous infusion cyclophosphamide and thiotepa is an active core regimen for the further design of high-dose combination chemotherapy regimens.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology of the breast. A review of the Groote Schuur Hospital experience.

The results of the first 1,500 cytological diagnoses of fine-needle breast aspirates performed at Groote Schuur Hospital Breast Clinic are compared with the histological diagnoses of Tru-cut and excision biopsies of the same lesions. A cytological diagnosis of malignant disease was made in 358 cases, 349 of which were confirmed histologically. The 10 false-positive and 1 false-negative diagnoses are discussed. The reliability of diagnosis in the first 500 cases is compared with that in the second and third 500 cases. There were no false-positive diagnoses in the last 500 cases, and only 3 in the second 500 cases compared with 7 in the first 500 cases. Similarly, the 1 false-negative diagnosis was made in the first 500 cases. The results confirm the reliability of fine-needle aspiration biopsy cytology as a diagnostic technique. The number of incorrect diagnoses decreases as experience with the technique increases.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

The effect of two alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists and an antagonist on gastric emptying and mouth to caecum transit time in humans.

Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of two alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists, clonidine and lidamidine, and a specific alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist, idazoxan, on gastric emptying and mouth to caecum transit time (MCTT) of a radiolabelled meal in 27 healthy male subjects. Lidamidine (20 mg p.o.) and clonidine (0.3 mg p.o.), given alone had no significant effect on gastric emptying or MCTT suggesting that the anti-diarrhoeal action of clonidine and lidamidine are unlikely to be explained by a slowing of small intestinal transit. Idazoxan (20 mg p.o.) reversed the effect of clonidine in 10 subjects, who showed a delay in MCTT after taking clonidine, but did not alter MCTT under basal conditions. These results suggest that although the sympathetic nervous system can influence upper gastrointestinal motility by an action on alpha 2-adrenoreceptors, this action does not exert a tonic influence on upper gastrointestinal motility under basal conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Effect of cisapride on the gastrointestinal transit of a solid meal in normal human subjects.

The effect of cisapride, a new gastrointestinal prokinetic agent, on the transit of a standard meal through the stomach, small intestine and colon was studied in 10 normal subjects. Cisapride had no significant effect on gastric emptying but decreased mouth to caecum transit time (p less than 0.01). Stool weight and frequency were not significantly increased but the time for the first appearance of stool markers and the arrival of 20% and 50% of stool markers was decreased after cisapride (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Correlations between EMG jaw muscle activity and facial morphology in complete denture wearers.

In a sample of fifteen partially edentulous subjects assigned for immediate complete denture treatment, a correlation analysis was performed between pre-extraction facial morphology determined from lateral cephalograms, and EMG activity of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles in maximal clench and tapping of teeth. Marked correlations observed between vertical and sagittal jaw relations and mean voltages of the jaw-closing muscles indicated strong biting activity in subjects with a square facial type. No significant associations were observed between biting strength and the age of the subjects. Correlations between facial morphological changes and changes in EMG biting activity after denture insertion and during 1 year of denture wear indicated that the anterior temporal muscles were extremely sensitive to sagittal changes in anterior occlusion. The masseter muscles were less sensitive, but responded in some instances to changes in vertical jaw relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Psychological stress and the passage of a standard meal through the stomach and small intestine in man.

Gastric emptying half-time and mouth to caecum transit time of a solid meal were measured in eight normal volunteers, once during a period of psychological stress and again during a period of relative calm. No consistent or significant effect on gastric emptying was observed, but mouth to caecum transit times were faster in all subjects and this difference was highly significant (p<0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Jaw muscle activity in complete denture wearers--a longitudinal electromyographic study.

EMG study of subjects wearing immediate complete upper and lower dentures revealed marked alterations in activity of the jaw closing muscles during the biting actions recorded. This finding suggests that changes in jaw and occlusal relationships due to resorption of residual ridges and settling of the dentures also affects jaw muscle activity. The relations between EMG and morphologic findings will be analyzed further in a separate article.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The rationale of urinary diversion in cancer patients.

A retrospective review of 218 consecutive nephrostomies done on uremic cancer patients has revealed an alarming incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality. This review has raised legitimate questions regarding the value of palliative urinary diversion. We present a rationale to assist physicians in the management of this clinical problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Functional occlusal forces: an investigation by telemetry.

In normal chewing the forces exerted on the occlusal surface seldom exceeded 10 to 15 pounds, as recorded by an eight-channel force transmitter in a removable fixed partial denture. Ninety-five percent of forces were less than 3.5 pounds for subject A, 2.0 pounds for subject B, and 10.0 pounds for subject C. The chewing frequency and the places of maximal force on the occlusal surface were relatively constant. The electromyographic chewing patterns could be considered normal in all circumstances. There was a remarkable statistically significant day-to-day variation in force values. The forces also changed for different kinds of food. The differences between maximum and minimum force values were highest in voluntary, nonfunctional movements.

Arachis↗
PubMed1976

Gunshot wounds of the ureter: a 15-year review of 63 consecutive cases.

We reviewed 63 consecutive cases of gunshot wounds of the ureter seen during a 15-year period. The importance of prompt recognition and aggressive surgical management is emphasized, with particular attention being placed on adequate debridement and spatulated splinted watertight ureteroureterostomy. Our philosophy of management for individual injuries is discussed along with our complications and results. This series is the largest reported to date of ureteral gunshot wounds.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The effect of the bite plane splint on the electromyographic silent period duration.

An electromyographic study of the masseter and anterior part of the temporalis muscles was performed on ten patients presenting temporomandibular joint dysfunction symptoms. The EMG silent periods (SP) produced in the open-close-clench cycle and jaw-jerk reflex were compared for duration before and after treatment with an occlusal bite splint. Following use of the splint, there was a shortening of SP indicating the possible use of the duration of SP as a diagnostic measurement, and also as an indication of treatment effectiveness.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The prognostic significance of fever in childhood urinary infections: observations in 350 consecutive patients.

All infants and children with proven bacteriuria require urologic investigation and surveillance, but their prospects for developing chronic renal disease are variable. These differences are related to whether or not the bacteria have access to the kidneys. Such access correlates closely with the presence of an underlying congenital anomaly, particularly vesicoureteral reflux. Fever during an episode of active urinary infection is a strong indication that the patient has vesicoureteral reflux or some other significant uropathy and probably pyelonephritis.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Urologic complications in renal transplantation.

Our ten-year experience with 141 kidney transplants is reported. Fifty per cent of the grafts are presently functioning, and 22 patients have been followed more than five years. A urologic complication rate of 13 per cent occurred, but 84 per cent of those patients retained their grafts. Only 1.3 per cent of patients with urologic complications died. Improved results can be achieved by good operative technique and aggressive management of complications.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Longitudinal electromyographic study of chewing patterns in complete-denture wearers.

A longitudinal electromyographic study of the anterior temporal and masseter activity during habitual chewing of apple was performed on 21 subjects provided with immediate complete dentures. At the pretreatment stage, when the patients having an anterior residual dentition were chewing, the peak mean voltages showed low values (range, 48 to 58 microV). After denture placement, there was a further decrease of the temporal activity that persisted to the 6-month stage. After the dentures were relined, a significant increase in chewing force of the temporal muscles was noted at the 1-year stage. During the second year, when no corrections of the dentures were made, the temporal activity decreased below the pretreatment level. The masseter muscle chewing activity generally showed no significant changes during the 2-year observation period. The mean durations of the chewing strokes and chewing cycles were longer than values reported in dentate samples and generally displayed no significant changes during the 2-year period.

Adult↗