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Biomedical subjects

S Holst

Publications and source records attributed to S Holst.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Comparison between computer-aided testing and traditional multiple choice: an equivalence study.

AIMS: Computer-aided learning (CAL) is a viable alternative to traditional teaching methods. While CAL is used for teaching only, computer-aided testing (CAT) can be applied as a computer-based examination method. The aim of the present study was to compare the performance of undergraduate students in computer-interactive tests and traditional multiple choice tests and to evaluate the influence of question length and language skills on test results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two native German-speaking students and five non-native speaking students were randomly assigned to two groups. They were required to answer 20 conventional multiple choice questions and 20 questions using the interactive MobiTed system. An analysis of variance and t-tests (alpha = 0.05) were used to compare scores. RESULTS: Non-native speakers scored significantly lower on the interactive test compared with the native speaking students (P = 0.048 for long questions and P = 0.003 for short questions). There were no significant group differences on the conventional multiple choice test (P = 0.052 for long questions and P = 0.089 for short questions). Based on the results of the native speaking students neither test method nor question length had an influence on overall performance. CONCLUSION: Interactive multiple choice tests may provide an alternative to written tests, especially when considering time expenditure. Language skills and question length should be taken into account when setting time limits for examination.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2006

Expression of interleukin 1-beta, transforming growth factor beta-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor in soft tissue over the implant before uncovering.

BACKGROUND: Overexpression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may cause healing impairment following implant insertion, jeopardizing success especially in patients previously irradiated. Limited data is available regarding expression pattern of inflammatory cytokines in peri-implant soft tissue caused by the surgical intervention itself. STUDY DESIGN: This study examined 21 patients receiving dental implants. Biopsies of peri-implant tissue were harvested at re-entry 4 months after initial surgery. Eight patients underwent probing of untreated mucosa. Three groups were created (group 1: regular peri-implant mucosa; group 2: patients with irradiated peri-implant mucosa, radiation treatment due to oral squamous cell cancer; group 3: control). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for TGFss1, IL-1ss, and VEGF. RESULTS: Following the placement of dental implants (group 1 vs group 3) a significant increase (P > .05) in TGF-beta1, IL-1beta, and VEGF expression in the peri-implant mucosa was demonstrated. No alteration of this distinct pattern was found for previously irradiated tissue (group 1 vs. group 2). CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights the fundamental involvement of TGF-beta1, IL-1beta, and VEGF during the regeneration of peri-implant soft tissue structures. The use of extended interim solutions may be one clinical implication of these prolonged tissue remodeling processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Changes in neurophysiologic parameters in a patient with dental anxiety by hypnosis during surgical treatment.

It was hypothesized that dental anxiety, which leads to neurophysiologic alterations in heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure prior, during and subsequent to dental treatment, can be influenced by medical hypnosis. We report the positive impact from non-invasive hypno-sedation during dental implant surgery on a 54-year-old female patient who experienced neurophysiologic reactions as a result of the psychosomatic process of dental anxiety (dental anxiety scale value = 13). The neurophysiologic changes during dental surgery performed with and without hypnosis were compared after the patient underwent the same surgical treatment protocol. This case report was part of a study designed to evaluate hypnosis as a non-invasive therapy for dental-anxious patients over six sessions using subjective experience and objective parameters, which included electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation of the blood, respiration rate, salivary cortisol concentration and body temperature.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed2006

Dental anxiety--an epidemiological study on its clinical correlation and effects on oral health.

Pronounced dental anxiety could lead to avoidance strategies to evade dental visits. The aim of the present epidemiological study was to investigate the prevalence and related oral disease patterns of dental anxiety in young adult male soldiers. Therefore, the intensity and frequency of dental anxiety are presented and the correlation with oral clinical findings are evaluated. Three hundred seventy-four soldiers who underwent a compulsory dental check-up were randomly assigned to this study. Psychological parameters were collected based on a protocol integrating the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) and the Gatchell Fear Scale (GaFS). Patient-based measures included D3,4MF-scores for dental status and the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Need (CPITN) for periodontal status. Thirty-two individuals (8.6%) showed DAS-scores of 13 or 14 (anxious), while 4.6% had a DAS-score > or = 15 (highly anxious/phobic). Highest DAS-values were measured among patients' aged 19-29 (n = 262). DMFS-values of anxious and less anxious patients showed only minor differences. However, anxious patients had significantly more carious lesions (P < 0.001). CPITN periodontal values showed no significant differences between both groups. 89.2% of less anxious individuals and 79.6% of anxious patients went for regular dental check-ups. Thus, every tenth patient was considered to have high dental anxiety. Anxiety results in avoidance behaviour, which can only be discovered upon compulsory examinations and which is associated with higher caries morbidity and need for oral rehabilitation. As anxiety has a direct influence on oral health, it should be detected and accounted for in a treatment concept integrating dental and cognitive-behavioural therapeutic approaches.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Indole-3-pyruvic and -propionic acids, kynurenic acid, and related metabolites as luminophores and free-radical scavengers.

Chemiluminescence associated with oxidation by free radicals was investigated in an alkaline, hemin-catalysed hydrogen peroxide system, using the following tryptophan metabolites as radical scavengers: indole-3-pyruvic, indole-3-propionic, kynurenic, xanthurenic and quinaldic acids and 4-hydroxy-quinoline. Light emission from oxidation of the indolic compounds was only partially inhibited by the hydroxyl-radical scavenger DMSO, but strongly suppressed by the superoxide-anion scavenger Tiron, whereas chemi-luminescence generated from kynurenic acid was strongly inhibited by either of these compounds. Light emission from oxidation of kynurenic acid lasts for a surprisingly long period of time: At 0.4 mM and 20 degrees C, luminescence increased for 5 hours and continued at a high rate for more than a day. Comparison of structural analogues indicated that the 4-hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of kynurenic acid are essential for effective light emission, and that an additional 8-hydroxyl residue leading to an intramolecular hydrogen bond diminishes the reaction rate.

Dimethyl Sulfoxide↗
PubMed1988

Fulguration-ablation of atypical accessory urethra.

A male adolescent presented with perineal dribbling during voiding. Evaluation revealed an accessory urethra originating from the prostatic urethra. There was persistent anatomical and functional dominance of the dorsal orthotopic urethra, constituting a reversal of the arrangement most commonly described for urethral duplication. Successful ablation of the accessory urethra was accomplished by electrofulguration. The salient features of urethral duplication are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Pyelo-choledochal fistula accompanying operative cholangiography.

Fistulous communications between the biliary system and the urinary tract are encountered infrequently and, routinely, they are associated with operative dissections involving both systems. We report a case of opacification of the right renal collecting system during cholangiography following uneventful cholecystectomy. Prompt spontaneous resolution was verified by subsequent excretory urography.

Adult↗