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S Hoshi

Publications and source records attributed to S Hoshi.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Genetic diagnosis of pelvic lymph node metastasis using fine needle aspiration samples in prostate cancer].

We have developed a highly sensitive method to detect pelvic lymph node metastasis using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of pelvic lymph nodes was performed in 24 patients with prostate cancer. Each aspirated sample (0.05-0.1 ml) was divided into 2 parts; one for RNA extraction and RT-PCR to detect the fragment of PSA mRNA, and the other to smear on a slide glass for conventional cytology. The PSA gene was detected by RT-PCR in 11 FNAB samples which included not only all 6 cytologically positive and 2 cytologically class III cases but also 3 of 16 cytologically negative cases. The PSA gene was not detected by RT-PCR of FNAB samples in any of the 20 cases of bladder cancer. Thus RT-PCR for detection of the PSA gene in FNAB samples may be useful as a new diagnostic technique for detection of early lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer and an additional tool for cytological diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Ophthalmic tumor formation in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia.

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia is a malignant disease of the reticuloendothelial system; ocular complications reported previously have been concerned chiefly with hyperviscosity manifestations. Ophthalmic tumor formation is rare, although not unheard of, in this particular condition. This report describes two rare instances of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia which involved conjunctival and orbital tumors. One patient developed the tumors after a lengthy clinical course; in the other patient, eyelid and orbital tumors were the first symptoms. Careful examination of the external eye, especially the fornix of the conjunctiva, in patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia can identify an initial lesion or invasions to other organs.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Genetic diagnosis of pelvic lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer using aspiration biopsy samples].

We have developed a highly sensitive method to detect pelvic lymph node(LN) metastasis using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) with the primers specific for prostate-specific antigen(PSA) gene in combination with the fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB). The specimens were obtained from pelvic LN from 15 prostate cancer patients and 15 bladder cancer patients. The aspirated samples (0.05 approximately 0.1 ml) were used for detecting the fragment of PSA mRNA by RT-PCR and Southern blot analysis, and the rest of samples were submitted to conventional cytology. Expression of PSA gene was detected in 9 cases of FNAB samples including all 5 cytologically positive and further more 2 cytologically class III cases, and 2 of 8 cytologically negative cases. RT-PCR of FNAB samples from all cases of bladder cancer were negative for the detection of PSA gene. The sensitivity of PSA gene by RT-PCR was very high and could detect 10 degrees cancer cell. In conclusion, our study suggested that RT-PCR for detection of PSA gene in FNAB samples might become a new diagnostic tool for detection of small foci of prostatic cancer metastasis in LN and combination use of RT-PCR and cytology could greatly contribute to accuracy in diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Immunological detection of glycated proteins in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using anti hexitol-lysine IgG.

A polyclonal antibody specific for the Amadori compound, a product of an early stage of the Maillard reaction, was raised in rabbits by immunization with hexitol-lysine (1-glucitol-lysine or 1-mannitol-lysine) coupled with various carrier proteins. The affinity purified antibody has a high titre and preferentially recognizes the glucose adduct, in the presence of sodium borohydride, as judged on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as well as immunoblot analysis. The glycated proteins (Amadori products) in various tissues of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were examined by immunoblot analysis. In diabetic conditions, kidney, liver, lens, brain and lung proteins are more susceptible to glycation than other tissue proteins. Heart, spleen, adrenal gland and muscle proteins exhibit similar extents of glycation in both normal and diabetic conditions. This is the first demonstration of a specific antibody against the Amadori compound being raised with a synthetic compound, and of the tissue distribution of glycated proteins in normal and diabetic conditions. The antibody was very useful for in vitro and in vivo experiments on the Maillard reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Induction of protective immunity in chickens orally immunized with inactivated infectious bursal disease virus.

The present studies were undertaken to examine the effects of oral administration of formalin-inactivated infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) on the immune responses of chickens. Inactivated IBDV was suspended in phosphate-buffered saline containing sodium bicarbonate. This form of antigen, when administered by oral instillation, induced a serum antibody response against IBDV in chickens and these chickens were protected from subsequent viral challenge. The immunoglobulin class of IBDV-specific antibodies in serum was found to be IgG when determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cholera toxin, which has been reported to have potent mucosal adjuvant properties in mammals, did not enhance the serum antibody response. Oral followed by parenteral administrations of antigen induced an enhanced antibody response in chickens.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1995

High-energy underwater shock wave treatment for internal iliac muscle metastasis of prostatic cancer: a first clinical trial.

The first clinical trial of high-energy shock wave (SW) combined with chemotherapy to treat metastasis of prostate cancer in the internal iliac muscle was conducted. The patient, a 57-year-old man, diagnosed as having mucin-producing, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the prostate invading the bladder wall, had been treated by total cystoprostatectomy. Five months later, metastatic tumors were found in the left axillar subcutaneous tissue and the right internal iliac muscles. For the axillar metastasis we performed radiation and left subclavicular arterial infusion of cisplatin 70 mg, THP-adriamycin (THP) 50 mg and methotrexate 50 mg. For the right internal muscular metastasis, 10,000 to 20,000 shots of SW and simultaneous intravenous injection of carboplatin 100 mg and THP 10 mg were carried out. Neither of the tumors decreased in size, but on magnetic resonance images, the SW-treated tumor exhibited a central low-intensity area. The SW-treated tumor was resected and central necrosis and a collection of mucin in the central area were observed. Hormone-resistant prostate cancer is well-known to be a multidrug-resistant tumor. It is noteworthy that SW and chemotherapy induced necrosis in such a refractory cancer without any significant side effects.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

[Clinical significance of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) in testicular tumors].

BACKGROUND: Proliferative potential of testicular tumor was assessed by immunohistochemistry using anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoclonal antibody and silver staining of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR), and the results were compared with clinical course. METHODS: Fourty-five patients with testicular tumor and 10 normal testicles were investigated. All specimens were fixed with 10% buffered formaliun within 24 hours. The interval between patient's recognition of testicular swelling for the first time and the date for operation was designated as M (months), and the specimen weight was designated as g (gram). Growth rate of the primary tumor was estimated roughly by g/M. RESULTS: PCNA positive rates in seminomas, non-seminomas and normal testes were 70.5 +/- 19.1% (mean +/- S.D.), 80.4 +/- 10.5% and 17.7 +/- 7.8%, respectively. PCNA positive rate in stage I seminoma (64.4 +/- 19.9%) was significantly lower than stage II and III seminoma (83.6 +/- 7.3%) (p < 0.05), but not significant between stage I non-seminoma and stage II, III non-seminoma. The mean numbers of AgNOR per nucleus in seminomas, non-seminomas and normal testes were 8.09 +/- 1.35 (mean +/- S.D.), 6.89 +/- 1.43, 4.18 +/- 1.60, respectively and significantly higher in testicular tumors than normal testes. There were, however, no significant difference between their clinical stages. Logarithmic significant correlation was observed between PCNA positive rate and the growth rate in primary lesion, but no correlation was found between mean number of AgNOR per nuclei and the growth rate. Of the 10 patients with stage I non-seminomas received surveillance policy, four relapsed. Of the 10 patients, 4 of the 6 patients with higher than 75% PCNA positive rate relapsed, whereas, none of the 4 patients with lower than 75% PCNA positive rate relapsed. There were no significant correlation between PCNA positive rate and number of AgNOR. CONCLUSION: PCNA is more accurate indicator of growth potential in testicular tumor than AgNOR and may predict recurrence in stage I non-seminomatous testicular tumor patients followed by surveillance policy.

Carcinoma, Embryonal↗
PubMed1994

Cervical spinal cord injury associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Among 231 patients with cervical injuries treated over 12 years, 15 had cervical spinal cord injury associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. All of them were male and most had injuries due to a relatively weak external force. Four of them underwent surgery. There was little difference in improvement of paralysis between the conservatively and the surgically treated group.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Prevention of TCR-mediated apoptosis by the elevation of cAMP.

The stimulation through TCR-CD3 complexes by immobilized anti-CD3 antibody induced the production of IL-2 and activation-induced cell death (ACD) in the majority of T cell hybridomas. However, some hybridomas produced IL-2 without showing any signs of ACD by the same stimulation, indicating that TCR-CD3-mediated signaling pathways of IL-2 production and of ACD are different. These pathways were discriminated from each other by protein kinase inhibitors and cAMP-elevating reagents such as forskolin. The pathway of IL-2 production but not of ACD was inhibited by protein kinase inhibitors. On the other hand, various cAMP-elevating reagents prevented the T cell hybridomas from TCR-mediated ACD with minimal inhibition of IL-2 production. The elevated cytoplasmic cAMP did not block dexamethasone-induced apoptosis. This indicates that apoptosis is regulated by multiple pathways. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of cAMP is specific for the TCR-mediated signaling pathway of ACD. Messenger RNA for bcl-2 was detected after treatment with forskolin.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Galactosylsucrose and xylosylfructoside alter digestive tract size and concentrations of cecal organic acids in rats fed diets containing cholesterol and cholic acid.

Influences of galactosylsucrose and xylosylfructoside on body mass gain, the digestive tract mass and concentrations of organic acids such as acetic, propionic, butyric, lactic and succinic acid in the cecum were compared among rats fed a cholesterol-enriched fiber-free diet [cholesterol 6 + cholic acid 1.5 (g/kg)] containing either galactosylsucrose, xylosylfructoside or sucrose (100 g/kg) or the above fiber-free diet without test sugar (control) for 21 d. Body mass gain was greater in rats fed sucrose, but not in rats fed galactosylsucrose or xylosylfructoside, than in control rats. The mass of the small intestine and colon plus rectum was larger in rats fed xylosylfructoside than in control rats. Cecal contents and cecal tissue mass were heavier, water content of cecal contents was higher, and pH and ammonia concentration of cecal contents were lower in rats fed diets containing xylosylfructoside than in control rats. Galactosylsucrose had similar effects, although not all differences were significant. The concentration of hydrogen ion in cecal contents positively correlated to total cecal concentration of measured organic acids and to amount of cecal contents. Total concentration of measured organic acids in cecal contents positively correlated to cecal tissue mass. The estimated contribution of galactosylsucrose, xylosylfructoside and sucrose for body mass deposition were 0.19, -0.29 and 0.51 (g body mass gained/g sugar), respectively.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1994

[Phase I study of edobacomab (E5) in patients with gram-negative sepsis].

A clinical Phase I study of E5, edobacomab, an anti-endotoxin monoclonal IgM antibody was carried out to evaluate its efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics and in parallel, explore an optimum dosage in the treatment of patients with gram-negative sepsis (incl. those suspected). A total of 10 patients were administered a dose of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg of E5 by infusion over one hour. 1. Peak blood levels after an intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg of E5 were 9.9, 11.5 and 35.6 micrograms/ml, respectively and the half-lives of elimination were 8.7, 11.7 and 10.8 hours, respectively, about the same at all dose levels. The area under the blood concentration-time curve (AUC) were 129.8, 200.8 and 574.4 micrograms.hr/ml, respectively, showing an increase in proportion with the dosage. 2. Urinary E5 concentration was not detectable in all the patients and renal excretion of unchanged E5 was not observed. 3. Out of the 8 patients with a positive pre-treatment endotoxin level with a value of above 9.8 pg/ml, those who showed its reduction to a level of below 9.8 pg/ml within one hour after dosing of E5 were 0 of 2 patients (0%) at a dose of 1 mg/kg, 3 of 3 (100%) at a dose of 2 mg/kg and 1 of 3 (33.3%) at a dose of 4 mg/kg. 4. The clinical efficacy following a single intravenous dose of E5 was rated as being "good" or "excellent" for 3 of 3 patients (100%) at a dose of 1 mg/kg, 4 of 4 (100%) at a dose of 2 mg/kg and 2 of 3 (66.7%) at a dose of 4 mg/kg. 5. As for antipyretic effect as assessed by the mean value of temperature, a fall in fever to the level of 36 degrees C was noted from 12 hours after administration of E5 in the patients treated with 2 mg/kg. The degree of improvement in WBC, platelet count and CRP was also more evident in this 2 mg/kg group. 6. The safety was rated as "no problem in safety" for all 10 patients. No adverse reaction and clinical laboratory abnormalities suspected of their relation to E5 was observed. 7. Positive antibody (HAMA) response to E5 was observed in 2 of the 10 patients. In one patient (4 mg/kg) of them, response because negative 9 weeks later and in the other patient (1 mg/kg) it tended to decrease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Phase II study of edobacomab (E5) in the treatment of gram-negative sepsis].

The efficacy, safety and usefulness of murine anti-endotoxin monoclonal IgM antibody "E5, an intravenous dose of 2 mg/kg" were evaluated in 88 patients with suspected Gram-negative sepsis from 37 institutes in Japan. Out of these, 74 patients were evaluable for the efficacy, 85 for safety and 75 for clinical usefulness. In assessing the efficacy, the patients were divided into 3 groups based on the plasma endotoxin levels (Endospecy with new PCA treatment of plasma): H group with a level of above 9.8 pg/ml and M group with a level of 3.0-9.8 pg/ml and L group with a level of below 3.0 pg/ml. 1. The efficacy rates as assessed following administration of E5 were 73.1% in the H group, 70.4% in the M group and 38.1% in the L group being higher in the groups with significantly high plasma endotoxin levels. 2. In both the H and M groups in whom plasma endotoxin levels were significantly high, the majority of the patients showed rapid reduction of the levels after administration of E5. 3. In all groups, improvement in body temperature, pulse rate, blood TNF-alpha and blood IL-6 was observed after treatment with E5. In the H and M groups with an endotoxin level of > or = 3.0 pg/ml, improvement in platelet count as well as in CRP was noted. The H group showed also improvement in WBC. 4. Improvement in the shock score was noted in all the groups but was more outstanding in the H and M groups in the early stage of treatment. 5. Side effects were seen in 5 (5.9%) of 85 patients and all thought to be allergic in symptoms such as rash, itching, fever and flare. 6. The reaction to the prick test performed before administration of E5 was negative in all these 5 patients. For 3 of the 5 patients, anti-E5 IgE antibody was measured. In all of them, the IgE levels were higher than those of healthy controls. Also, in 47.6% of patients, an elevation of anti-E5 IgG antibody was noted two weeks after the administration. 7. Clinical laboratory abnormalities were observed in 3 (3.5%) of 85 patients. They were an elevation of S-GOT.S-GPT and lowering of BUN, increased Al-p and decreased CH50, increased neutrophilia (%) and were all slight in the degree of the changes. 8. The clinical usefulness of E5 was evaluated for 75 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Evaluation of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) therapy in granulopoetic patients complicated with sepsis.

A study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of therapy with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in 24 patients with granulocytopenia and sepsis who had failed to respond to antibiotics. The mean leukocyte count at the start of the study was 911 +/- 334/microliter. Patients were injected subcutaneously with 75 micrograms rhG-CSF once daily for a mean of 5.2 days. The plasma G-CSF concentration was measured by ELISA. The leukocyte count increased approximately 9-fold after 1 week in 19 patients and the percentage of granulocytes rose from 46.2% to 78.9%. These 19 patients survived, while the 5 patients with no leukocyte response to rhG-CSF died. High plasma G-CSF levels were found in patients with granulocytopenia. Plasma G-CSF levels decreased as levels of granulocyte increased in survivors. A high plasma G-CSF concentration persisted in the 5 non-responding patients resulting in a fatal outcome. This study suggests that rhG-CSF both increased the leukocyte count and was a useful therapeutic manoeuvre for sepsis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Combination therapy of high energy under water shock waves and anticancer drugs for subcutaneous murine bladder cancer (MBT-2)].

The effect in combination therapy of high energy under water shock waves (HESW) and anticancer drugs for subcutaneous murine bladder cancer (MBT-2) in C3H/He mice was examined. HESW were generated by piezoceramics and directed to the subcutaneous tumor under ultrasonographic guidance. The subcutaneous tumor was exposed to HESW alone (100 MPa, 1000 shots, 3 shots/sec) or in combination with pirarubicin (THP, 5 mg/kg, i.p.) or carboplatin (CBDCA, 40 mg/kg, i.p.). Remarkable bleeding in the tumor was seen immediately after the exposure of HESW, destroyed cancer cells appeared after one day and wider and clearly bordered tumor necrosis was observed after three days. In the HESW alone therapy, tumor growth of smaller tumors (< 10 mm3, n = 8) were suppressed more than that of larger tumors (10-35 mm3, n = 11). Tumor growth ratio on the 14th day (TGR 14) (tumor volume on the 14th day/tumor volume on the 1st day) was examined in larger tumors. TGR 14 were 152.2 +/- 146.6 (mean +/- S.D.) in the control (n = 20), 116.3 +/- 98.9 in HESW alone (n = 11), 75.5 +/- 110.7 in THP alone (n = 8), 90.7 +/- 61.6 in CBDCA alone (n = 6), 75.8 +/- 72.2 in THP + HESW (n = 9), 3.2 +/- 4.5 in CBDCA + HESW (n = 8) and 0.8 +/- 1.3 in CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles (n = 9). Evident suppression on tumor growth was more often seen in CBDCA + HESW and CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles therapies than in the other therapies (p < 0.01). The cumulative survival rates were higher in CBDCA + HESW and CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles therapies than in the other therapies (p < 0.05). Tumor metastasis was seen only in the lungs of the dead mice after 19 days. Lung metastases were seen in 1/6 in the control, 0/5 in HESW alone, 1/5 in CBDCA alone, 0/6 in CBDCA + HESW and 1/5 in CBDCA + HESW 2 cycles therapy, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Ultrastructural consequence of shock wave exposure on VX2 cancer implanted to the urinary bladder].

In order to clarify the ultrastructural consequence of the VX2 cancer cell exposed to underwater shock waves. The VX2 cancer implanted to the urinary bladder of rabbit was received the shock waves (1000 shots, 100 MPa, 5/sec.) generated by the piezo-ceramics. Damage to the cancer cell were manifested by the three kind of findings: the one was the cell junction failure which caused the isolated cells; the second was the destruction of organelle which seemed to form the vacuole in cytoplasm; and the last finding was the emergence of moth eaten appearance in the exposed cell. We conclude that underwater shock wave exposure induces lethal injury in VX2 implanted cancer.

Animals↗