PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Houston

Publications and source records attributed to S Houston.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The association of tuberculosis and HIV infection in Harare, Zimbabwe.

SETTING: The tuberculosis (TB) service responsible for all TB treatment in Harare, Zimbabwe. OBJECTIVES: (1) To determine HIV seroprevalence among TB patients and controls. (2) To compare clinical and demographic characteristics of HIV-infected and uninfected TB patients. DESIGN: Cohort study. Entry criterion: TB diagnosed during the 18 month study period. Assessment included HIV serology. Matched community controls were HIV serotested. RESULTS: In 1434 TB patients tested, HIV seroprevalence was 48% in men and 44% in women, peaked in the 25-34 year age group and was higher than in controls (relative risk [RR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.6-3.7). In adults, seroprevalence was 34%, 49% and 58% in successive 6 month periods. A history of entry of prior TB treatment was less common in the HIV-seropositive (RR = 0.57, CI = 0.37-0.88). In adults, tuberculin negativity, TB at 2 sites, lymph node, pericardial and miliary TB, hilar adenopathy and pleural effusion were significantly more common in HIV-seropositive patients; cavitation and upper lobe involvement were significantly less frequent. Pulmonary TB and sputum smear positivity had similar frequencies in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: HIV was strongly and increasingly associated with TB in Harare and altered the clinical and radiologic features of TB. Failed standard TB treatment in HIV-infected individuals contributed minimally to new cases of TB.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Tuberculous pericardial effusion associated with HIV infection: a sign of disseminated disease.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether tuberculous pericardial effusion is associated with HIV infection. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Harare, Zimbabwe. SUBJECTS: 61 consecutive patients presenting with tuberculous pericarditis over an 18 month period. RESULTS: Tuberculous pericarditis was significantly associated with HIV seropositivity (odds ratio [OR] 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4-4.3, P = 0.001). The combination of tuberculous pericarditis and tuberculosis at another clinically obvious site (disseminated disease) was more common than pericarditis alone, and was significantly associated with HIV seropositivity (OR 6.1, CI 1.5-25, P = 0.007). Patients with disseminated disease were usually in CDC stage IV prior to the diagnosis of their tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Current and potential treatment of tuberculosis.

A recent resurgence of interest in tuberculosis as a global health problem has accompanied the resurgence of tuberculosis in both industrialised and developing countries. It has also been demonstrated recently that tuberculosis treatment and control is one of the most cost effective of all medical interventions. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic and increasing resistance to antituberculous drugs complicate our response to the problem of tuberculosis. Chemotherapy with currently available agents is highly effective, not only in pulmonary tuberculosis in adults, but also in extrapulmonary disease, and in disease in children and even patients with concomitant HIV infection. Short course chemotherapy and intermittent therapy are as effective as older regimens. Measures, including directly observed therapy, to maximise compliance with therapy, are of utmost importance. An efficient programme which assures compliance with effective antituberculosis chemotherapy should be a priority for health spending even in those countries with fewest resources.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Salmonella typhi bacteremia and HIV infection with common iliac artery occlusion.

An important association between non-typhoidal salmonella bacteremia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has been demonstrated in both industrialized and developing countries. In spite of the prevalence and public health importance of Salmonella typhi in developing countries, an association between HIV and S. typhi has not been well documented. This report describes the co-occurrence of HIV and S. typhi infections in a young Zimbabwean woman. Her presenting feature was a large artery occlusion, previously reported very rarely in association with typhoid fever and never with HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1993

Use of ultrasound in a study of schistosomal periportal fibrosis in rural Zimbabwe.

Ultrasound was used to diagnose periportal fibrosis (PPF) in a rural Zimbabwean community where Schistosoma mansoni is endemic. Ultrasound findings were compared with stool microscopy and abdominal palpation in 492 adults (305 females). 47 (9.6%) had definite PPF. The prevalence of PPF increased with age (P < 0.001), while S. mansoni egg counts decreased with age. Even within age groups, egg count did not correlate with PPF. No association was found between lifetime alcohol consumption and the presence of PPF. Splenomegaly and mid-line enlargement of the liver were specific (97% and 94%) but insensitive (21% and 28%) markers for PPF. Spleen size varied with S. mansoni egg count independently of the presence or degree of PPF. Endoscopy of 18 patients with PPF revealed oesophageal varices in two, both of whom had severe PPF.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1993

'From little things, big things grow'--a history of the development of cooperation between Aboriginal health services and the South Western Sydney Area Health Service.

Aboriginal people suffer from the worst health of any identifiable group in Australia due to profound disadvantages experienced by them since European colonisation of Australia. The Aboriginal community of south-west Sydney represents almost 25 per cent of Sydney's Aboriginal population. Since 1990 the Tharawal Aboriginal Corporation, the South Western Sydney Area Health Service and staff of the Office of Aboriginal Health (NSW Department of Health) have been cooperating to improve the health of Aboriginal people in south-west Sydney. The Working Group on Aboriginal Health has produced a Strategic Plan for Aboriginal Health in South Western Sydney. This cooperation has come from the development of trust, the identification of local needs and the elaboration of local solutions.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1993

Critiquing and using nursing research: guidelines for the critical care nurse.

This article focuses on a concern that practicing nurses are expected to use nursing research but are not thoroughly prepared to meet this expectation. This concern is addressed by proposing: (1) a guideline for research critique that is designed to bridge baccalaureate education and nursing practice and (2) a unique description of research utilization that may be realistically accomplished by practicing nurses.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1993

The CNS role: evolution within a shared governance environment.

Organizational change has a profound impact on the role of the CNS. Movement in our institution from a centralized structure to a shared governance philosophy redirected the work of the CNS. This article describes the change response spiral that reflects the CNS role evolution and activities required by the CNS to foster the change. Three phases of the response spiral are highlighted: creating a culture, restructuring, and adaptation. CNS activities and experiences associated with the change will be of interest to administrators and CNSs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Neurocysticercosis and human immunodeficiency virus infection. A possible association.

We present four patients with active neurocysticercosis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. In three patients, symptoms of neurocysticercosis brought the patient to medical attention and led to the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Neurocysticercosis should be considered in human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons who have been in areas where cysticercosis is endemic.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Degradation of Met-enkephalin by hemolymph peptidases in Mytilus edulis.

1. Met-enkephalin is degraded by peptidases present in the hemolymph fluid and hemocyte membrane suspension of Mytilus edulis. Degradation of Met-enkephalin is rapid in the fluid and slower in the membrane. 2. Aminopeptidase activity is bestatin sensitive in hemocyte membrane and highest in the fluid of the hemolymph, which appears to have a component which is insensitive to inhibitor. 3. ACE activity is found only in the fluid of the hemolymph. 4. Carboxypeptidase and NEP (CD10: "enkephalinase") are membrane bound and the former appears to predominate. Phosphoramidon inhibits not only NEP, as expected, but the invertebrate carboxypeptidase as well.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Preliminary results of the use of urinary excretion of pyridinium crosslinks for monitoring metastatic bone disease.

The collagen crosslinks, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline, are recently described markers of the rate of bone resorption. The urinary excretion of these compounds, expressed as a ratio to urinary creatinine, has been measured using ion-pair reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography in 20 patients receiving oral pamidronate for bone metastases from breast cancer. Before treatment the ratio of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline to creatinine in urine (UPCR and UdPCR respectively) were each above normal in 16/20 (80%) patients. Urinary calcium excretion (UCCR) was elevated in 15/20 (75%). There was a strong correlation between UPCR and UdPCR, but neither of the crosslink measurements correlated well with UCCR. Urinary excretion of all three indices of bone resorption fell significantly during pamidronate treatment. The median values after 4 weeks treatment were 63% of baseline for UPCR, 45% for UdPCR and 26% for UCCR. From this preliminary study urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline excretion appear to be promising markers of bone resorption in advanced malignancy. Their role in response assessment and the advantages over UCCR measurements merit further study.

Administration, Oral↗