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Biomedical subjects

S Hubbard

Publications and source records attributed to S Hubbard.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Myoelectric training methods for the preschool child with congenital below-elbow amputation. A comparison of two training programmes.

The Ontario Crippled Children's Centre has completed a two-year research project designed to develop effective strategies for training the preschool child to use a myoelectric prosthesis. Two programmes were developed: one home-based with the parent as primary trainer, and the other Centre-based with a therapist as trainer. Seventeen children were successfully trained and fitted with myoelectric prostheses. Both training programmes appear to be equally effective, proving that informed parents can assume responsibility for the training of their children. Economic implications are self-evident. The functional assessment of the children's skill with the myoelectric prosthesis is very encouraging so far. However, long-term studies are indicated for adequate assessment of the cost-effectiveness of early myoelectric fitting. As a result of this study, effective training methods can now be used in routine clinical service; a manual is available to provide guidelines.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Operative risks in patients with colorectal cancer.

This study emphasizes the risks in the operative treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. In dissecting our overall operative mortality of 7.4 per cent in consecutive patients over a 5-year period, three factors influencing the outcome were identified. These were the age of the patient, the stage of the disease, and the availability of preoperative bowel preparation by mechanical cleansing and antibiotic suppression of the colonic bacterial flora. Earlier diagnosis and elective resection of prepared bowel offers marked improvement in the operative risk for patients with colorectal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Nodular histiocytic lymphoma: an aggressive nodular lymphoma with potential for prolonged disease-free survival.

Nodular histiocytic lymphoma (NH) is uncommon, and its natural history is not well defined. Of 473 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, we found 16 (3.4%) with NH. Most patients (13/16) presented with pathologic stage (PS) III or IV disease, including 7 with liver involvement. One patient (PS III) was initially treated with cyclophosphamide alone, and 4 patients received only radiotherapy, and none were long-term survivors. Eleven patients received combination chemotherapy, and 8 achieved complete remission. Only one of these patients relapsed and died at 19 mo; the other 7 continue in complete remission without maintenance therapy with a minimum followup of 4.5 yr. The survival of the entire group of patients with NH is intermediate between that of the other nodular lymphomas and diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Nine of 16 patients had either a repeat lymph node biopsy during the course of their disease or lymph node examination at autopsy. Lymph node histology in the majority converted to a diffuse, less differentiated subtype of lymphoma. NH has a natural history similar to that of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma and should be approached with the same therapeutic strategy.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Bleomycin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (BACOP) combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma.

A new combination chemotherapy program for patients with diffuse histiocytic and mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic lymphoma was designed to prevent tumor recurrence during the recovery period of each treatment cycle. A myelosuppressive phase consisting of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine was followed by the nonmyelosuppressive agents bleomycin and prednisone to suppress regrowth of lymphoma while allowing for a return in bone marrow function. Twelve of 25 patients (48%) with advanced, previously untreated, diffuse histiocytic lymphoma achieved a complete remission as determined by restaging 1 month after discontinuation of treatment. The median duration of complete response after completion of therapy is in excess of 1 year (range, 5 to 30 months), and no patient has relapsed. Based on previous experience, it is anticipated that the majority of these patients will achieve an extended disease-free survival for what had previously been regarded as an invariably fatal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with cancer: clinical setting.

The most common clinical setting for the development of pneumocystis pneumonia in the United States is in a patient successfully treated with combination chemotherapy, usually including steroids, for a hematologic malignancy. The pneumonia is most likely to occur in the acute form during the reduction or withdrawal of chemotherapy and is the most common cause of infectious death in such cancer patients when they are in a clinical remission. The disease also develops in such patients on therapy who have uncontrolled growth of their tumor and occasionally in patients with other types of solid tumors. Given the appropriate clinical setting, all attempts should be made to establish the diagnosis histologically, but if this is not possible, empirical treatment with pentamidine isethionate is indicated.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

Peritoneoscopy: a valuable staging tool in ovarian carcinoma.

Peritoneoscopy was done within 1 month of exploratory laparotomy in 30 consecutive patients, with ovarian carcinoma as part of their pretreatment evaluation. Six of the 7 patients who were thought to have ovarian carcinoma localized to the pelvis (stages I and II) were found to have advanced disease (stage III) at peritoneoscopy and thus required a change in therapy. Metastatic diaphragmatic involvement in ovarian carcinoma is common and was found in 77 percent of all patients studied. The routine shielding if the liver area ordinarily used with total abdominal radiotherapy would select these patients for therapeutic failure. Peritoneoscopy supplied reevaluable finding in 2 of 7 patients having normal physical, roentgenologic, and laboratory examinations, as well as in 93 percent of all patients stuided. "Second look" peritoneoscopy precluded the need the laparotomy in 5 to 13 patients achieving as apparent clinical remission.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Van Nes rotational osteotomy for treatment of proximal femoral focal deficiency and congenital short femur.

The results of twenty Van Nes rotational osteotomies for unilateral proximal femoral focal deficiency and congenital short femur were analyzed after follow-ups of two to eight years. Assessed on the basis of prosthetic function, the results were good in ten, fair in six, and poor in four. Twelve patients required a rerotation procedure, six of them twice, because of postoperative derotation. Appropriate leg-length discrepancy to place the ankle, converted to the knee, at the right level, as well as normal ankle and foot motion and muscle power, are prerequisites to the procedure, which should be deferred until the child is about twelve years old to avoid prolonged hospitalization for rerotation and gait training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Use of peritoneoscopy for initial staging and posttherapy evaluation of patients with ovarian carcinoma.

Forty patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma had peritoneoscopy within 1 month of their exploratory laparotomy as part of their pretreatment evaluation. Of 12 patients (58%) believed to have disease localized to the pelvis (stage 1 or II) at laparotomy staging 7 were found to have more advanced disease (stage III) at peritoneoscopy and thus required a change in therapy. Involvement of the diaphragm with metastatic ovarian carcinoma was found in 63% of all patients. This finding again necessitated a change in therapy, since the right hemidiaphragm is shielded along with the liver when abdominal radiotherapy is used. Peritoneoscopy supplied the only followable findings with which to gauge response to therapy in 40% of the patients and also supplied followable findings in 78% of all patients studied. Second-look peritoneoscopy was performed in all patients achieving an apparent clinical remission with chemotherapy. Active disease was found in 43% of these patients, which thus precluded the need for laparotomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1972

The AK tie bar.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Artificial Limbs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index: development and reliability testing of a new functional status questionnaire for children who use upper extremity prostheses.

The Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index (PUFI) was developed by the authors' clinical research group to evaluate the extent to which a child actually uses a prosthetic limb for daily activities, the comparative ease of task performance with and without the prosthesis, and its perceived usefulness. The PUFI's test-retest and interrater reliability were evaluated with 24 children. Intraclass coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for each of four subscales of the PUFI--specifically, method of performance, ease of prosthetic use, usefulness of the prosthesis, and ease of performance without the prosthesis. The ICCs were greater than 0.65, indicating good test-retest reliability for the older-child respondents (n = 10) and fair to good reliability (ICCs, 0.40 to 0.84) for the parent respondents overall (n= 21). Interrater (child-parent) reliability was lower, with ICCs from 0.30 to 0.77. This finding was not unexpected, since a child and parent may rate in the context of different functional environments. The prosthesis was used 53% of the time by older children and more than 75% of the time by younger children. The results provide evidence that the PUFI has good test-retest reliability overall as a measure of a child's ability to perform upper extremity activities with a prosthesis.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Investigational trials of anticancer drugs: establishing safeguards for experimentation.

The National Cancer Institute since 1955 has been charged with responsibility for discovering new anti-cancer agents and bringing them to clinical trial. These activities are carried out by NCI's Developmental Therapeutics Program, which has established systems for discovery, experimental testing, bulk synthesis, formulation, and toxicological testing of candidate drugs, and by the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, which conducts initial trials to establish safe doses of new agents and to determine their utility in treating specific forms of cancer. These clinical trials are conducted both at NCI in Bethesda, Md., and at selected cancer centers throughout the United States. This paper describes the safeguards that NCI has built into the clinical trials system in the past decade-safeguards that ensure the safety of patients and the accuracy of data collected and at the same time allow efficient testing of each promising new agent in the fight against cancer. Recent improvements in cancer survival leave little doubt that patients are indeed benefiting from extensive efforts to discover and develop new drugs for cancer treatment.

Antineoplastic Agents↗