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Biomedical subjects

S I Baskin

Publications and source records attributed to S I Baskin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The effect of age on five ions of the kidney in the Fischer 344 rat.

It was proposed that the diminished renal function observed with advancing age could be due to a lower concentration of essential ions within the organ or an accumulation of ions which could produce cellular toxicity. This investigation reports the effect of age (3, 6, 12, 24 and 28 months) on the concentrations of magnesium, calcium, zinc, copper and iron in renal homogenates of Fischer 344 strain rats. Samples of renal tissues were homogenized in a solution containing 5 p. 100 La + 25 p. 100 HNO3. The samples were digested, centrifuged and assayed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. With age, the magnesium concentration decreased (P less than 0.05) while the calcium and copper concentrations remained unchanged, and the zinc concentration decreased slightly while the iron concentration markedly increased (P less than 0.05). In summary, these data and other data obtained from similar studies of the brain and heart, suggest that the changes observed with age are unique to the kidney. Our results suggest that changes in ionic concentration in the kidney with respect to age could contribute to the diminished function observed in that organ with senescence.

Aging↗
PubMed1980

Endotracheal naloxone reversal of morphine-induced respiratory depression in rabbits.

In an emergency, intravenous access may be difficult to obtain rapidly. Alternate routes of administration for drugs are, therefore, desirable. Our study was performed to determine if naloxone could be efficacious in reversing morphine-induced respiratory depression in rabbits when administered using the endotracheal route. Our results indicate that naloxone administered in this fashion is effective in reversing morphine-induced respiratory depression in the rabbit. Mean minute ventilation was depressed to greater than half of resting baseline levels using morphine sulfate. Endotracheally administered naloxone reversed this respiratory depression and resulted in a greater than five-fold increase in mean minute ventilation above baseline levels. We concluded that endotracheal naloxone is efficacious in reversing morphine-induced respiratory depression in the rabbit. The endotracheal route may be an effective alternative for naloxone administration in man when rapid intravenous access is not obtainable.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Pharmacokinetic studies of taurine in bovine Purkinje fibers.

Taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) is found in high concentrations in the heart, particularly in Purkinje fibers. We studied the transport of taurine in Purkinje fibers that were excised rapidly from the heart and placed in a vessel containing oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit solution (37 degrees C). After equilibration, 4.4 x 10(-6)M radiolabeled taurine[14C] was added to the bath. A computer compartmental analysis of the uptake and efflux indicated the presence of two pools for uptake--a pool with a rapid kinetics K1 (t1/2 = 0.80 min) and K2 (t1/2 = 176.30 min). These studies suggest that Purkinje fibers have the capacity to transport taurine rapidly. Michaelis-Menten procedures showed the presence of a high affinity and a low affinity transport process. Guanidinotaurine, at a 10:1 ratio, had no appreciable effect on taurine uptake, but 3-aminopropane phosphonic acid decreased taurine uptake by 42.7%. Ouabain and acetylstrophanthidin (10(-5) M) inhibited taurine uptake (K1) by 34% and 73%, respectively. The inhibition of the rapid component of taurine uptake suggests that K1 is an energy-linked process possibly requiring Na+,K+-ATPase. Taurine uptake in a calcium-free medium was decreased by 58%. Verapamil (6 x 10(-6) M) decreased taurine uptake by 42%. Tetrodotoxin (3.4 x 10(-5) M) decreased taurine uptake by 51%. The requirement of calcium and sodium for taurine uptake suggests an important relationship between taurine, calcium, and sodium in the function of fibers in the cardiac conducting system.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Blood levels following intravenous and endotracheal epinephrine administration.

The blood levels of epinephrine and its metabolites which were obtained when the drug was given by both the intravenous (IV) and endotracheal (ET) routes were compared. Anesthetized dogs were subjected to radioactive epinephrine in doses of 0.005, 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 mg/kg administered both intravenously and endotracheally. Blood levels were obtained at 0.25, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 5, 10 and 30 minutes following injection and analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The maximum measured concentration following IV injection was observed at 15 seconds. Epinephrine was rapidly metabolized with 20% of the original concentration detected at 5 minutes following IV injection. When the drug was given by the ET route, the maximum measured concentration was similarly observed at 15 seconds. Following ET installation, initial blood concentrations are sustained over a much longer period of time and 80% of the initial concentration was detected at 5 minutes. Maximum concentrations are approximately one-tenth of those achieved with an equal IV dosage. It is concluded that endotracheally and intravenously administered epinephrine rapidly reach maximum blood levels although there are differences in kinetics between the two routes.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Endotracheal epinephrine in a canine anaphylactic shock model.

This study was undertaken to determine if epinephrine administered endotracheally is as effective in treating anaphylactic shock as is intravenously administered epinephrine. An animal model of anaphylactic shock was produced in anesthetized dogs by the intravenous administration of histamine phosphate. Both the endotracheal and intravenous routes of epinephrine administration resulted in efficient and effective reversal of histamine-induced hypotension. At the doses employed, the intravenous administration of epinephrine resulted in the production of significantly (p less than 0.05) greater numbers of ventricular cardiac arrhythmias than did the endotracheal route of administration.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1979

Endotracheal epinephrine in cardiorespiratory collapse.

The endotracheal route for the administration of epinephrine has been studied extensively in dogs. There has been little in the medical literature to document the successful use of this technique in humans. The successful use of endotracheally administered epinephrine in two patients with cardiorespiratory collapse is reported. Specific points concerning endotracheal drugs are discussed and a set of guidelines for clinical use is offered.

Epinephrine↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of the pharmacological effects of epinephrine administered by the intravenous and endotracheal routes.

Epinephrine in various dosages was administered to anesthetized dogs by intravenous and endotracheal routes. Both methods produced measurable effects on heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Tachycardia occurred more rapidly after endotracheal administration than after intravenous administration. Respiration appeared to be supported more advantageously with the larger endotracheal dosages. The maximum blood pressure rise was delayed only 60 seconds by the endotracheal route. With an endotracheally administered dose of ten times the intravenous dose, equal responses in blood pressure were obtained. However, when equal doses are compared, there is only a two to three fold increase with the intravenous route. The endotracheal route may be less toxic at higher doses, affording greater safety when large amounts of epinephrine are used. It is concluded that endotracheally administered epinephrine produces significant pharmacologic effects in anesthetized dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Biochemical changes in the central nervous system with age in the rat.

Studies dealing with biochemistry of the central nervous system of rats have been reviewed. Data on the effects of age on enzyme activity and cellular substrates have been summarized in tabular form. In general, it can be concluded that biochemical functions dealing with anabolism decrease whereas those dealing with catabolism increase as aging progresses.

Aging↗
PubMed1977

Age changes in the neuromuscular system of rats.

Data relating to the effects of aging on the neuromuscular system of rats have been reviewed and summarized. Age effects of muscle, nerve and neuromuscular junction are presented only in a descriptive, qualitative manner, primarily due to paucity of well controlled experimentation in this area. Certain morphological and biochemical changes taking place with aging of the neuromuscular system are discussed, but no conclusive hypotheses can be presented at this time explaining diminution of motor activity in old animals.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Effects of aging on ionic movements of atrial muscle.

The effect of age on ion concentrations and fluxes in cardiac muscle was examined. Left atria from rats of 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 28 months of age were analyzed for content of total water, sodium and potassium, for 14C-inulin space and for 22Na and 42K influx and efflux rates. Animals of 3 and 24 months of age showed a small but significantly greater water content than those of the other age groups. The inulin space, after a small nonsignificant fall between 1 and 3 mo, increased significantly at 6 mo, then leveled off through 28 mo. Intracellular sodium (Na)1, and potassium (K)1 concentrations were calculated. (Na)1 showed a significant increase from 1 to 3 mo, decreased significantly at 6 mo, and then leveled off. (K)1 exhibited an initial significant decrease from 1 to 3 mo followed at 6 mo by a significant increase which remained unchanged through 28 mo. Trend analyses of the Na influx rates showed that a significant increase with age occurred, except for a decrease at 24 mo. Potassium influx rates remained relatively constant at all ages. Sodium efflux appeared to be multiexponential, with at least two distinct rate constants (k1 and k2). Potassium efflux steadily decreased as a function of age. The results are discussed with reference to possible consequences of aging on cardiac physiology and reactivity to pharmacological agents.

Aging↗