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Biomedical subjects

S Ibrahim

Publications and source records attributed to S Ibrahim.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Plutonium distribution and oxidation states in a reactor leaching ponds system.

Concentrations of 239,240Pu and 238Pu in water, net plankton (algal material), suspended particulates and sediment, as well as Pu oxidation states in filtered water, were determined in a test reactor leaching ponds system in southeastern Idaho. The highest Pu concentration in the ponds system was found in net plankton, and concentrations varied significantly between sampling dates. Plutonium Concentration Ratios (CR) for plankton ranged from 3 X 10(4) to 4 X 10(5). The lowest Pu concentration was found in filtered water, primarily because of the absence of complexing agents. The majority of Pu in filtered water was in true solution (60-87%) or present in colloidal particles smaller than 0.22 micron. Plutonium association with sediment was inversely related to particle size. The "environmental" distribution coefficients (Kd) for Pu ranged from 1.6 X 10(4) to 1.2 X 10(5) reflecting the importance of sediments as the main reservoir for Pu in the ponds system. No significant differences were noted between CR or Kd values for 239,240Pu and 238Pu. The reduced Pu oxidation states (III and IV) fractions ranged from 57% to 71% of the total dissolved Pu in water. This is in contrast with oxidation states distribution from other large aquatic systems (Great Lakes and the Irish Sea) where Pu is predominately in oxidized (V and VI) forms.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Improvement of the nutritional quality of Egyptian and Sudanese sorghum grains by the addition of phosphates.

1. Male broilers (0 to 35 d) were given foods with two types of yellow sorghum substituted for maize in isonutrient diets. Sorghum-based foods were also supplemented with extra phosphorus, to provide a total P of about 8 g/kg; the P being from either orthophosphoric acid or food grade dicalcium phosphate. 2. Both sorghums depressed growth and food:gain ratio and increased the incidence of locomotor disorder to about 0.50 (maize control = 0). Sorghum from Sudan, with higher concentrations of both tannin and phytate, caused more severe anti-nutritive effects than sorghum from Egypt. 3. Within the limits of statistical significance the growth depressing effect of sorghum was completely reversed by extra P. With the more toxic Sudanese sorghum this amelioration was numerically less than complete (growth = 0.94, maize control = 1). Locomotor disorders were also virtually, but not completely, eliminated by phosphorus treatment. 4. Treatment of sorghum by dry-mixing with dicalcium phosphate could form the basis of a simple and economic method for extending the use of high-tannin sorghum in poultry foods. The mode of action of the treatment remains to be determined.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

Immunological activities of recombinant interferon-alpha 2 and its A fragment.

The immunomodulating effects of the A fragment of recombinant human interferon-alpha 2 (rIFN-alpha 2) generated by thermolysin treatment was compared to that of the intact rIFN-alpha 2 and lymphoblastoid IFN. The A fragment was similar to intact IFN in augmenting natural killer (NK) activity and suppressing the proliferation of certain cell lines, but it failed to inhibit human polyclonal immunoglobulin production; rIFN-alpha 2 and lymphoblastoid IFN were equally effective in suppressing this in vitro system. These data suggest that the A fragment mediates certain, but not all, of the immunomodulating properties of IFN-alpha 2.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1985

Improved immunohistochemical localization of tissue antigens using modified methacarn fixation.

Detailed comparative studies have been carried out using a wide range of aqueous and nonaqueous based fixatives in order to select the optimal fixation schedule for the immunohistochemical localization of four antigens: type IV collagen, actin, Factor VIII, and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Modified methacarn fixation provides an ideal combination of maximum staining and morphological preservation for these antigens. Enhanced immunoreactivity with this fixative was also noted for a broad spectrum of antigens, including myoglobin, glial fiber acidic protein, keratin, myosin, laminin, prostatic acid phosphatase, alpha-fetoprotein, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Although it is not recommended for most cell surface antigens, this fixative may have a definite place in diagnostic surgical pathology.

Acetates↗
PubMed1978

Sequential changes of alpha1-antitrypsin after surgical trauma.

alpha1-Antitrypsin, an acute phase reactant, is known to rise following surgery [1,2]. It has not been previously reported, however, that the rise is preceded by an initial drop. Our study on a large group of surgical patients confirms the rise, but also shows that a significant drop in alpha1-antitrypsin levels occurs prior to the increase, if the serum samples are obtained immediately after completion of surgery. The observed decrease was independent of age, sex, type of surgery performed or the anesthetic administered. It is postulated that the decrease in serum levels is the result of migration of alpha1-antitrypsin to the tissues injured during surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

The value of premedication in diminishing salivary secretions.

A study has been carried out on the anti-sialogogue effect of some drugs used in premedication. Among different anaesthetic agents used in this study halothane appeared to be the least effective in stimulating salivary secretions. Pethidine-atropine combination proved to be very satisfactory as an anti-sialogogue. Atropine came next, where its intravenous route of administration was more satisfactory in short procedures than its intramuscular route.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of sialidase from bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma vivax.

Sialidase (EC: 3.2.1.18) from Trypanosoma vivax (Agari Strain) was isolated from bloodstream forms of the parasite and purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme was purified 77-fold with a yield of 32% and co-eluted as a 66-kDa protein from a Sephadex G 110 column. The T. vivax sialidase was optimally active at 37 degrees C with an activation energy (E(a)) of 26.2 kJ mole(-1). The pH activity profile was broad with optimal activity at 6.5. The enzyme was activated by dithiothreitol and strongly inhibited by para-hydroxy mercuricbenzoate thus implicating a sulfhydryl group as a possible active site residue of the enzyme. Theenzyme hydrolysed Neu5Ac2,3lac and fetuin. It was inactive towards Neu5Ac2,6lac, colomic acid and the gangliosides GM1, and GDI. Initial velocity studies, for the determination of kinetic constants with fetuin as substrate gave a V(max) of 142.86 micromol h(-1) mg(-1) and a K(M) of 0.45 mM. The K(M) and V(max) with Neu5Ac-2,3lac were 0.17 mM and 840 micromole h(-1) mg(-1) respectively. The T. vivax sialidase was inhibited competitively by both 2,3 dideoxy neuraminic acid (Neu5Ac2,3en) and para-hydroxy oxamic acid. When ghost RBCs were used as substrates, the enzyme desialylated the RBCs from camel, goat, and zebu bull. The RBCs from dog, mouse and ndama bull were resistant to hydrolysis.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of beta-adrenergic antagonists, H1-receptor blockers, analgesics, diuretics, and quinolone antibiotics on the cellular accumulation of the anticancer drug, daunorubicin: P-glycoprotein modulation.

BACKGROUND: Treatment of patients with several drugs simultaneously may result in modulation of the naturally expressed P-glycoprotein (Pgp) at different tissues. With this possibility in mind, we have assessed the ability of different classes of drugs to modulate Pgp function in vitro. Modulation of the Pgp function was studied at in vitro drug concentrations comparable to therapeutic blood levels of the drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human blood brain barrier endothelial cells and human colon adenocarcinoma cells were transduced or transfected with the multidrug resistance gene (MDR1) to express Pgp. The uptake of fluorescent substrates of Pgp, Rhodamine 123 and daunorubicin, into these cells and NIH3T3/MDR1 and MDCK/MDR1 cells was measured by flow cytometry and in monolayers in the presence and absence of the different drugs. RESULTS: From the tested six H1-receptor blockers, seven beta-adrenergic antagonists, four analgesics, ten diuretics and five quinolons, five drugs inhibited Pgp at therapeutic blood levels and two at somewhat higher concentrations. Significant synergism for blocking Pgp could be demonstrated for several drugs. CONCLUSION: We conclude that administration of several drugs which modulate the function of Pgp to patients may adversely affect the natural function of this efflux pump and may cause drug-drug interactions induced side effects.

3T3 Cells↗