PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Islam

Publications and source records attributed to S Islam.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Anatomical study of preaxial polydactyly in 158 hands.

Preaxial polydactyly is a common congenital hand anomaly. Here in 138 patients with 158 duplicated thumbs, a new classification of this anomaly was done from analysis of radiographs and operation records. Initially all the duplicated thumbs were arranged into from Type I to VII on the basis of radiological extent of bifurcation. Appendage type was noted as a separate entity. Type IV was found the most common and had 53 thumbs (33.6%) involved. But findings on surgery indicated that the exact level of bifurcation varied in each type, and Type VII became three times as frequent as previously noted from x-ray examination at the time of surgery. Radiologically encountered duplications at IP (Type II), MP (Type IV) and CM (Type VI) joints were specifically classified into five groups from A to E on the basis of the structural changes detected on surgery. Details in each group were discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Cholera epidemics in Bangladesh: 1985-1991.

In 1991, a major epidemic of diarrhoea broke out in Bangladesh. To estimate the extent of cholera during diarrhoea epidemics and to focus on the public health issues related to cholera in Bangladesh, we have used the government figures of the 1991 epidemic and data from our own experience of epidemic interventions in nearly 400 rural upazilas (sub-district) between 1985 and 1989 and in 1991. Our data showed that V. cholerae 01 was the most frequently (40%) isolated enteropathogen during the epidemics. The disease is widely distributed in the country. Only 24% of the total 1,648 laboratory confirmed cholera patients were below 5 years of age, and children below 2 years of age accounted for only 10% of the total. Access difficulty to medical care and absence of a reliable surveillance were thought to be the constraints to early detection and appropriate intervention, thus, there were more deaths during the epidemics. We have shown that a high proportion (59%) of cholera patients during their illness in the rural areas were not visited by the government surveillance staff and that most (80%) were treated at home. Access to treatment by qualified physicians was limited to 23% of the patients, whereas a large proportion of the patients were treated by the unqualified rural practitioners (68%), and the others (9%) had no access to any health care providers. Our experience also indicated a higher case fatality ratio (14%) prior to intervention by qualified physicians during epidemics and an overall fatality ratio of 4%, despite the significant reduction (less than 1%) achieved by the intervention. Cholera is highly epidemic in Bangladesh.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Radiographic and neuro-SPECT imaging in an immature third ventricle teratoma: case report.

We report a case of an immature teratoma of the third ventricle, which was preoperatively thought to be a choroid plexus papilloma. The diagnosis was made by biopsy since the radiographic (CT, MRI), angiographic and scintigraphic findings ([99mTc]pertechnetate, 99mTc-DTPA, 99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT) were nonspecific. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier is the mechanism for radionuclidic and contrast tumoral uptake and is demonstrated by marked contrast enhancement on CT and focal concentration on [99mTc]pertechnetate and 99mTc-DTPA images. No suppression of [99mTc]pertechnetate tumor uptake was observed following the administration of potassium perchlorate. Increased concentration of tumor protein is suggested by the increased signal on the T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and high [99mTc]pertechnetate uptake. The tumor's detection on the 99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT was due to its intraventricular location. A number of potential mechanisms for brain tumor localization of 99mTc-HMPAO are discussed.

Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

Mutagenic activity of certain synthetic steroids: structural requirement for the mutagenic activity in Salmonella and E. coli.

Eight steroids, structurally related to cholesterol, were tested for mutagenic activity in the Ames tester strains. All the test compounds were mutagenic without metabolic activation, although metabolic activation markedly enhanced their activity. A significant decrease in the survival of the radiation-sensitive mutants recA and lexA of Escherichia coli was observed as compared to their wild-type counterpart in the presence of the steroids. The role of recA and lexA genes gains further support from the lambda prophage induction in the lysogen as well as with Salmonella strains triggering the error-prone SOS response. Structural features which appear to be essential for mutagenic activity in these strains of the steroids are (1) reactive thio, sulfonyl or sulfinyl groups at the 6 position and (2) a halogen group at the 3 position of the steroidal nucleus. The mutagenicity appears to involve the formation of H2O2 as well as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals.

Catalase↗
PubMed1991

Mutagenic activity of aziridinyl steroids and their mechanism of action in biological systems.

The aziridinyl derivatives of steroids, structurally related to cholesterol, were tested for their mutagenic activity in the Ames tester strains. The test compounds were mutagenic without metabolic activation, although metabolic activation markedly enhanced their activity. A significant decrease in the survival of SOS defective mutants, recA and lexA of Escherichia coli was observed as compared with their wild-type counterpart in the presence of the steroids. The role of SOS repair genes gains further support from the lambda prophage induction in the lysogen and beta-galactosidase induction in the Mud strains as well as mutagenesis with Ames tester strains. Structural features which appear essential for mutagenic activity in these strains are (i) a reactive N-aminophthalamide group at the (5,6-b) position and (ii) an acetoxy/chlorine group at the third position of the steroidal nucleus. The individual moieties/groups were not mutagenic per se. These steroids appear to generate H2O2 as well as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in the model biological system.

Aziridines↗
PubMed1991

Effects of an EDTA infusion on the urinary elimination of several elements in healthy subjects.

Ethylene diamine tetraacetate calcium disodium salt (EDTA Ca Na2), 1 g dissolved in 250 ml of 5% w/v glucose solution, was infused intravenously over 1 h into 10 healthy subjects (eight males and two females). Urines were collected over 24 h, the day before and on the day of the EDTA Ca Na2 infusion test. The elements Al, B, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Si, Sr, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Mg, S and P were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Pb was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The EDTA Ca Na2 infusion increased the 24 h elimination of Al from 9.8 micrograms to 58 micrograms, of Fe from 66 to 121 micrograms, of Mn from 2.9 to 16.5 micrograms, of Pb from 9.8 to 56 micrograms and of Zn from 623 to 8847 micrograms. The ratio of the increase of urinary elimination induced by EDTA Ca Na2 was about 2 for Fe, 5 for Al, Pb and Mn, and 15 for Zn.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Vasorelaxant effects of short chain fatty acid salts in rat caudal artery.

Acetate relaxes rat caudal artery and increases tissue adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels. The present study's purpose was to determine whether related ultrashort chain (volatile) fatty acids, propionate (C3), butyrate (C4), and octanoate (C8) would do so as well. It was found that butyrate and propionate had very similar vasorelaxant profiles to acetate; they relaxed caudal artery strips precontracted with KCl, phenylephrine, arginine vasopressin, and prostaglandin F2 alpha. The vasorelaxation was endothelium independent, was not blocked by indomethacin, and was associated with a rise in tissue cAMP levels but not in guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) levels. The mean effective concentration for butyrate (0.8 mM) was lower than that for acetate (2.0 mM) or propionate (1.9 mM). Propionate-mediated relaxation was blocked by the stilbene inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS). Vasorelaxant effects of octanoate were also not dependent on endothelium and were not affected by indomethacin. Maximal vasorelaxant effect of octanoate was greater than that of acetate, propionate, or butyrate; vasorelaxant effect of octanoate was only slightly attenuated by DIDS and was associated with only a minimal effect on tissue cAMP levels. Results suggest that vasodilatory effects of acetate generalize to propionate and butyrate, but that vasorelaxant effects of octanoate may be occurring via a separate mechanism.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Thyroid autocrine factors: regulation of secretion of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins from sheep thyroid cells by autocrine basic fibroblast growth factor.

The mRNA for basic fibroblast growth factor has been detected in primary cultures of sheep thyroid cells. RNA species of 2.0 kb, 3.3 kb and 7.2 kb have been identified. The effects of this autocrine factor on the production of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) have been examined. bFGF enhanced the secretion of IGFBP-2 and, like epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the tumour promoting phorbol ester (TPA), induced the appearance of IGFBP-3. We conclude that bFGF is synthesized by sheep thyroid cells and has autocrine potential since it can regulate the secretion of other thyroid autocrine factors which, in turn, may regulate thyroid growth and function.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Triphalangism in thumb polydactyly: an anatomic study on surgically resected thumbs.

Surgically resected thumbs in preaxial polydactyly were submitted to anatomic dissection to detect a triphalangeal thumb. Radiologically, two particular categories of thumbs with duplication at the metacarpophalangeal joint were seen. The surgically excised thumbs of either the radial or the ulnar member were preserved for dissection. Depending on the number of phalanges as well as on osteocartilaginous structures, the thumbs were classified into three groups. In the first group, the thumbs consisted of three phalanges but had absent joint formation between the phalanges and metacarpal. The second group consisted of three phalanges with two well-formed joints between them. The third group of thumbs also had three phalanges but had only one interphalangeal joint between them. In all three groups, morphologic features and clinical criteria are discussed.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Arm ergometry exercise testing in patients with dysvascular amputations.

The purpose of this study was to test the agreement between the heart rate (HR) response and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) on an arm ergometry graded exercise test (GXT) in deconditioned persons with acute dysvascular amputations before and after an inpatient rehabilitation program. Twenty-six men were studied at admission, and 11 were retested after completion of the program. After obtaining resting measurements of HR and systolic and diastolic blood pressures, each patient performed the GXT using an arm ergometer. Patients maintained a cranking rate of 50rpm, which was monitored electronically. The workloads started with a warm-up period of 0 watts (stage 1) and increased by increments of 5 watts. Each stage lasted three minutes-2.5 minutes of exercise and 30 seconds of rest. The RPE was taken five seconds before the end of each exercise stage. During the rest period, HR and blood pressures were recorded. Scatter plots and linear regression analyses revealed no statistically significant relationship, either at early stages of GXT or at peak work, between HR and RPE. The results suggest that RPE cannot be used reliably as a surrogate for direct pulse measurement in exercise training of persons with acute dysvascular amputations.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Effect of breast cyst fluid on oestrogen 17-oxidoreductase activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Breast cyst fluid (BCF) was found to stimulate oestrogen 17-oxidoreductase activity in the reductive direction, i.e., conversion of oestrone (E1) to oestradiol (E2), in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Dialysis of BCF revealed that this property of BCF was present in both dialysed BCF and dialysate, implying that both high and low mol. wt. substances were responsible for stimulating E1 to E2 conversion. Gel filtration of dialysed BCF revealed that the high mol. wt. substances responsible for the stimulation of E1 to E2 conversion had mol. wts. of approximately 11 kD and 68 kD. This property of BCF would serve to increase the concentration of E2, a steroid which may play a role in mammary carcinogenesis.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1990

Validity of the 'Ten Questions' for screening serious childhood disability: results from urban Bangladesh.

A survey of 2576 children aged two to nine years was carried out in Dhaka, Bangladesh, as part of a collaborative study to test the validity of a questionnaire (the Ten Questions) for screening severe childhood disabilities in community settings. Approximately 7% of the children were positive on the screen and this rate was slightly higher in boys than girls. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value of the Ten Questions were perfect or nearly perfect for severe and moderate (serious) disabilities. The positive predictive value was only 22% for serious disabilities, but 70% of children classified as false positives were found to have mild disabilities or other conditions (such as ear infections) for which early detection and treatment could be beneficial. No major age or gender differences in the validity of the questionnaire were apparent, but this finding needs additional study and confirmation with studies based on larger samples. In general, the results indicate that the Ten Questions is a valid tool for screening serious disabilities in children and can potentially improve the efficiency of health services by reducing the number of children requiring attention from professionals. Future studies using the Ten Questions should foster greater attention to the dimensions of childhood disability as a public health problem in the less developed world.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1990

[Exudative enteropathy and interstitial cystitis due to systemic lupus erythematosus].

A 33-year-old woman presented with chronic diarrhea, vomiting and anasarca due to systemic lupus erythematosus with protein-losing enteropathy, interstitial cystitis and glomerulonephritis. Methylprednisolone could not prevent aggravation of diarrhea, obstructive uropathy, and nephrotic syndrome, and prolonged intestinal ileus developed. Because of this steroid-resistance, bolus injections of cyclophosphamide (1 g i.v. monthly) were decided. Protein-losing enteropathy and ileus both disappeared rapidly following the first injection. Protein-losing enteropathy, intestinal ileus and interstitial cystitis are exceptional manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus; steroid-resistance of the digestive manifestations has only been reported in one case and our observation is the first reporting the efficacy of cyclophosphamide.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Protein engineering and design.

Rapid advances in site-directed mutagenesis and total gene synthesis combined with new expression systems in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have provided the molecular biologist with tools for modification of existing proteins to improve catalytic activity, stability and selectivity, for construction of chimeric molecules and for synthesis of completely novel molecules that may be endowed with some useful activity. Such protein engineering can be seen as a cycle in which the structures of engineered molecules are studied by X-ray analysis and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. The results are used in the improvement of the design by using knowledge-based procedures that exploit facts, rules and observations about proteins of known three-dimensional structure.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in serum and ascitic fluid in cirrhotic patients.

A combination of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid (Augmentin) might be useful for first-line treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis. We have studied the pharmacokinetics of amoxycillin/clavulanic acid in serum and ascitic fluid of six cirrhotic patients. A total of 66 simultaneous serum and ascitic samples were analysed. Following iv injection of 1 g amoxycillin plus 0.2 g clavulanic acid, the ascites to serum AUC ratio was 1.38 for amoxycillin and 1.01 for clavulanic acid, indicating a good distribution of these drugs into the ascitic fluid. In this study, experimental data were fitted to a three compartment body model which revealed that the prolonged serum half-lives of amoxycillin (274 min) and clavulanic acid (200 min) were probably due to the slow return from the ascitic compartment.

Adult↗