Evaluation of Maffucci syndrome with Tc-99m oxidronate bone scintigraphy.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
S J Brown
Publications and source records attributed to S J Brown.
IAA analysis in transgenic plants.
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗
Tailoring nursing care to the individual client: empirical challenge of a theoretical concept.
Tailoring of client-nurse interaction to the client's individuality is a central concept in Cox's Interaction Model of Client Health behavior, and represents a specification of the term individualization of care (Cox, 1982b). In this study, the empirical adequacy of Cox's definition of tailoring was challenged by comparing the content of naturally occurring encounters between an expert nurse and clients to content predicted by the definition. Analyses of the content of the encounters revealed that: client individuality was featured; client individuality and clinical assessment-management were considered in association with one another; and a majority of interventions were fitted to the individual client. The findings were interpreted as supportive of the empirical existence of tailoring as specified by Cox, and provided the bases for suggested refinements of the theoretical model.
Adult↗
Argas (Argas) monolakensis, new species (Acari: Ixodoidea: Argasidae), a parasite of California gulls on islands in Mono Lake, California: description, biology, and life cycle.
Argas (Argas) monolakensis, n. sp., is described from adults, nymphs, and larvae collected from under and around nests of California gulls, Larus californicus Lawrence, on islands in Mono Lake, Mono County, Calif., and from specimens reared in the laboratory. This species is closely related to A. cooleyi Kohls & Hoogstraal, a parasite of cliff swallows, Hirundo pyrrhonota Vieillot, but is easily distinguished by hypostome dentition and roof of Haller's organ in all stages and chaetotaxy of the larvae. This tick was successfully reared and maintained in the laboratory by feeding them on domestic chickens. Larvae require 5-8 d to feed, whereas all postlarval stages feed rapidly within 9-62 min. At Mono Lake, ticks are above ground and seek hosts only at night. The number of nymphal stages varies from 2 to 5 depending on the developmental temperature and sex of the tick. Ticks over winter at Mono Lake as second- to fifth-stage nymphs and adults. Ovarian diapause is common with preoviposition periods in extreme cases lasting up to 20 mo. This tick will readily feed on humans and has the potential to transmit Mono Lake virus, which has been isolated from an estimated 2-8% of ticks on various islands. To date, A. monolakensis is known only from islands in Mono Lake, Calif.
Animals↗
Abnormal intracerebral thallium localization in a bacterial brain abscess.
A 56-yr-old man with a prior history of renal cell carcinoma had moderately intense abnormal localization of 201Tl-chloride in a solitary brain lesion which was discovered to be a bacterial abscess. The organisms isolated by culture included Actinomycosis odontolyticus, Peptostreptococcus and Hemophilus aphrophilus. Because of the clinical presentation, MRI characteristics and thallium scintigraphic findings, the lesion had been felt to represent either a primary or a metastatic neoplasm. This case illustrates the need for caution in the interpretation of thallium brain scintigram.
Bacterial Infections↗
Striatal A2 receptor regulates apomorphine-induced turning in rats with unilateral dopamine denervation.
The effect of the purine agonist N-ethylcarboxamido-adenosine (NECA) on apomorphine-induced rotation was investigated in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. Intrastriatal administration of NECA on the denervated side caused a dose-dependent inhibition of contralateral rotation. This inhibition was prevented by prior intrastriatal injection of theophylline. The adenosine A1 receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyltheophylline was ineffective at concentrations which block this receptor, but effective in preventing the action of NECA at concentrations which block the adenosine A2 receptor. In the absence of apomorphine, NECA had no effect on behaviour. It is concluded that A2 receptor activation counteracts apomorphine effects in the striatum. Since the A2 receptor may be localized to striatal cholinergic neurones, the possible role of these neurones in purine-induced behaviours is discussed.
Adenosine↗
Diagnostic significance of apparent abnormal bowel activity on Ga-67 scans in AIDS patients.
Twenty-one Ga-67 studies on 19 AIDS patients were analyzed to investigate the relationship between clinically acute gastrointestinal disease and abnormal scintigraphic bowel activity. Whole body images were obtained at times ranging from 4 to 192 hours, with most exams imaged at 48 and 72 hours. Abnormal bowel activity was observed in eight of 21 exams. Patients experienced acute GI disease during seven studies. Gallium scan results and clinical presentation agreed in 14 cases; both were abnormal in four and normal in 10. However, four exams showed abnormal activity in asymptomatic patients, while three normal studies were obtained in patients with clinically evident GI disease. Sensitivity was 57% and specificity 71%. Positive predictive value was .50 and negative predictive value .77. All true-positive cases were associated with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI) infection. This study implies that gallium imaging is unreliable for diagnosing acute bowel disease in AIDS patients, but may suggest a particular pathogen (MAI) in the symptomatic individual.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
The relationship between the stretching capability of the anterior capsule and zonules.
The stretching capability of the zonules was studied in 40 human eyes obtained postmortem from 27 patients. A continuous circular capsulorhexis (CCC) (2.2-6.8 mm) was performed, and the lenses were removed by either phacoemulsification (26 eyes) or planned extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) (14 eyes). Maximal zonular stretch was calculated as the difference in distance between the ciliary processes and the zonular insertion at rest and after maximal stretch. This zonular stretch test showed that zonules can stretch to a mean distance of 3.82 mm before rupturing. Capsular elasticity was measured in 35 of the eyes by gradually opening a modified caliper until the capsular opening was torn. The ratio between the circumference at rupture and the circumference at rest was used as an index of capsular elasticity. Circumference of the intact capsulorhexis could be enlarged an additional 62% before a radial tear occurred. In most cases, no significant correlation was seen between the capsular and zonular capability to stretch. Maximal zonular stretch decreased significantly with age by approximately 0.5 mm for every 5 yr, whereas capsular elasticity did not show a significant correlation with age. Two eyes with pseudoexfoliation had relatively friable zonules but the capsular elasticity was within normal limits. Patient age is probably the best indicator of the stretching capability of the zonules.
Age Factors↗
A cDNA encoding human ribosomal protein S24.
We describe the isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the human 40S ribosomal subunit protein (r-protein) S24 (Mr 15,425). Human S24 is virtually identical to the r-protein encoded by a cloned Xenopus laevis cDNA previously identified as S19 [Amaldi et al., Gene 17 (1982) 311-316].
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Preparation and study of human eyes obtained postmortem with the Miyake posterior photographic technique.
A modification of the original Miyake technique of posterior photography of human eyes obtained postmortem is presented. A detailed description of globe preparation and equipment is described. Use of modern technology including a high magnification microscope system and video camera permits dynamic or realtime observations of tissue effects of various surgical procedures such as the cataract operation. This technique provides both a research and educational tool that can be used by ophthalmologists to improve the quality of surgery. Most important, it is an instructional tool that should reduce the "learning curve" that is inherent when modifying one's surgical technique.
Eye↗
Both A1 and A2a purine receptors regulate striatal acetylcholine release.
The receptors responsible for the adenosine-mediated control of acetylcholine release from immunoaffinity-purified rat striatal cholinergic nerve terminals have been characterized. The relative affinities of three analogues for the inhibitory receptor were (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine greater than cyclohexyladenosine greater than N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA), with binding being dependent of the presence of Mg2+ and inhibited by 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate [Gpp(NH)p] and adenosine receptor antagonists. Adenosine A1 receptor agonists inhibited forskolin-stimulated cholinergic adenylate cyclase activity, with an IC50 of 0.5 nM for (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine and 500 nM for (S)-phenylisopropyladenosine. A1 agonists inhibited acetylcholine release at concentrations approximately 10% of those required to inhibit the cholinergic adenylate cyclase. High concentrations (1 microM) of adenosine A1 agonists were less effective in inhibiting both adenylate cyclase and acetylcholine release, due to the presence of a lower affinity stimulatory A2 receptor. Blockade of the A1 receptor with 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine revealed a half-maximal stimulation by NECA of the adenylate cyclase at 10 nM, and of acetylcholine release at approximately 100 nM. NECA-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity copurified with choline acetyltransferase in the preparation of the cholinergic nerve terminals, suggesting that the striatal A2 receptor is localized to cholinergic neurones. The possible role of feedback inhibitory and stimulatory receptors on cholinergic nerve terminals is discussed.
Acetylcholine↗
Altered biodistribution of gallium-67 in a patient with aluminum toxicity treated with desferoxamine.
Markedly altered biodistribution of [67Ga]citrate was observed in a 66-yr-old hemodialysis patient imaged at 48 hr postinjection. A review of the patient's hospital records revealed toxic serum levels of aluminum, treated with the chelating agent desferoxamine. Based on what is known about the biologic interactions between gallium, aluminum, transferrin, and desferoxamine, we believe that both toxic serum aluminum levels and desferoxamine therapy may cause altered biodistribution on [67Ga]citrate scintigraphy.
Aged↗
Family-planning clinics and educational programmes--a rural experience.
Although family-planning clinics are numerous and well-accepted in most Australian capital cities, such clinics have been difficult to establish in some Victorian rural towns. One such clinic was established at a rural base hospital in a Victorian town in 1984. The history of the clinic's development and its mode of operation are discussed. The profiles of 157 consecutive new patients who attended the clinic are presented. Comparisons are made with the patient profiles from a Melbourne family-planning clinic. The clinic also provides a separate weekly educational programme. The effect of the educational service in attracting patients to the clinic also was evaluated. Over all, it was concluded that the successful establishment of this clinic has been a result of the appointment of female medical and nursing staff members, the support of the local base hospital, an active media campaign and the development of a separate and concurrent educational programme that was conducted by clinic staff members. It is recommended that these factors be considered in the future development of such clinics in rural areas.
Adolescent↗
Triple-phase bone image abnormalities in Lyme arthritis.
Arthritis is a frequent manifestation of Lyme disease. Limited triple-phase Tc-99m MDP bone imaging of the wrists and hands with delayed whole-body images was performed in a patient with Lyme arthritis. This demonstrated abnormal joint uptake in the wrists and hands in all three phases, with increased activity seen in other affected joints on delayed whole-body images. These findings are nonspecific and have been previously described in a variety of rheumatologic conditions, but not in Lyme disease. Lyme disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of articular and periarticular bone scan abnormalities.
Bone and Bones↗
Characterization of vesicles containing insulin-responsive intracellular glucose transporters isolated from 3T3-L1 adipocytes by an improved procedure.
Our previously described immunoadsorption method for the isolation of vesicles containing the insulin-responsive intracellular glucose transporters from 3T3-L1 adipocytes has been improved in two ways. First, the minimal number of g minutes required to sediment the plasma membranes from the cell homogenate has been determined and, as a result, the supernatant used for immunoadsorption in the new procedure contained twice as much of the intracellular transporters. Second, the immunoadsorption has been performed with affinity-purified antibodies directed against the carboxy terminal peptide of the transporter, rather than against the entire protein. 10(7) cells (10 mg protein) yielded about 12 micrograms of vesicular protein and 11 micrograms of vesicular phospholipid. The transporter constituted 3% of the protein in the vesicles; this amount equates to approx. eight copies of the transporter per 50 nm vesicle. The polypeptide composition of the vesicles was determined by gel electrophoresis and protein staining. Major components, other than the glucose transporter, are polypeptides of Mr 270,000, 245,000, 165,000 and 115,000. The vesicles contained several phosphoproteins; the major ones have a Mr of 245,000, 190,000, 115,000 and 25,000. Insulin treatment of adipocytes did not significantly change the phosphoprotein composition of the vesicles. The vesicles were not enriched in the Golgi marker enzyme, galactosyltransferase. The cellular content of the marker for the trans-Golgi reticulum, sialyltransferase, was too low to detect.
Adipose Tissue↗
Altered conversion of tryptophan to kynurenine in newly abstinent alcoholics.
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Adult↗
Requirement for host Fc receptors and IgG antibodies in host immune responses against Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.
Guinea pigs sensitized by prior feeding of larval Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks expressed complete immunity to challenge feeding resulting in 100% tick rejection. Passive transfer of 1 ml of serum from animals expressing resistance into naive animals conferred recipients with significant protection (88% tick rejection). Successful transfer of resistance was blocked by pretreatment of recipients with rabbit IgG but not sheep IgG1. Passive transfer of IgG1 or IgG2 purified from tick-sensitized guinea pig serum by ion-exchange chromatography failed to confer resistance to naive guinea pigs. Furthermore, IgG1 from guinea pigs expressing resistance obtained from serum by passage through a heavy chain specific rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG1 column failed to confer resistance to naive guinea pigs, as did the eluate. These results suggest that both IgG subclasses are needed for the expression of resistance, or IgG1 in conjunction with IgE.
Animals↗