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Biomedical subjects

S J Dyson

Publications and source records attributed to S J Dyson.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Suspensory ligament desmitis.

The gross and functional anatomy of the suspensory ligament (SL) and its ultrasonographic variability are described. Injuries of the suspensory apparatus are divided into lesions confined to the proximal one third of the metacarpus or metatarsus (proximal suspensory desmitis and avulsion fractures), lesions of the body, and branch lesions. Complete breakdown injuries are also discussed. In view of the close association of the SL, the second, third, and fourth metacarpal or metatarsal bones, and the proximal sesamoid bones, associated bony lesions are also considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Tendon, tendon sheath, and ligament injuries in the pastern.

The palmar (plantar) aspect of the pastern is an anatomically complex area and an understanding of this is a prerequisite for accurate diagnosis of injuries in this area. The gross and normal ultrasonographic anatomy are described, and injuries of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons and the digital flexor tendon sheath, the distal sesamoidean ligaments, and the palmar ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Miscellaneous conditions of tendons, tendon sheaths, and ligaments.

The use of diagnostic ultrasonography has greatly enhances our ability to diagnose injuries of tendons and tendon sheaths that were previously either unrecognized or poorly understood. For may of these injuries, there is currently only a small amount of follow-up data. This article considers injuries of the deep digital flexor tendon and its accessory ligament, the carpal tunnel syndrome soft tissue swellings on the dorsal aspect of the carpus, intertubercular (bicipital) bursitis and bicipital tendinitis, injuries of the gastrocnemius tendon, common calcaneal tendinitis, rupture of peroneus (fibularis tertius) and ligaments injuries of the back.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Tendonitis of the deep digital flexor tendon in the distal metacarpal/metatarsal region associated with tenosynovitis of the digital sheath in the horse.

Twenty-four horses with ultrasonographic evidence of tendonitis of the deep digital flexor tendon in the metacarpal/metatarsal region were seen over a 7 year period. Most horses had mild to moderate lameness and distension of the digital flexor tendon sheath in the affected limb. Intrasynovial analgesia of the digital flexor tendon sheath consistently improved the degree of lameness. Ultrasonography most commonly revealed small, distinct, often circular, focal hypoechoic areas within the deep digital flexor tendon which usually extended less than 1 cm proximodistally. The degree of lameness and swelling generally improved with box rest and controlled exercise, however, exacerbation of the clinical signs and ultrasonographic lesions was common when affected horses were returned to work or allowed free exercise at pasture. Of 24 cases, only 7 horses made a full recovery and returned to their intended athletic activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Physiological, metabolic and biochemical responses of horses competing in the speed and endurance phase of a CCI*****3-day-event.

The present study was undertaken to investigate physiological, metabolic, haematological and biochemical changes in horses competing in the Speed and Endurance test of a Concours Complet International (CCI)*****3-day-event held under FEI rules. A total of 28 horses competing in the Burghley Horse Trials Speed and Endurance test were selected to be monitored: 11 horses in 1993 and 17 horses in 1994. Of the 28 horses selected, 17 completed the Speed and Endurance test and went on to complete the showjumping test. Mean +/- s.d. shade temperature and relative humidity, black globe temperature and wind speed were 13 +/- 1 and 20 +/- 2 degrees C, 54 +/- 3 and 55 +/- 10%, 17 +/- 2 and 29 +/- 4 degrees C and 2.7 +/- 0.7 and 1.2 +/- 0.3 m/s, for 1993 and 1994, respectively. Mean heart rate during Phases A, B and D was not significantly different between years, but mean heart rate during Phase C and X was significantly higher in 1994. Mean (+/- s.d.) heart rate on Phase B and D for all horses in both 1993 and 1994 was 198 +/- 8 and 188 +/- 11 beats/min, respectively. Mean heart rate during Phase D showed a poor correlation with mean speed (r = 0.412). Total mean (+/- s.d.) weight loss from the start of Phase A to the end of Phase D was 15.5 +/- 6.1 kg in 1993 and 16.5 +/- 5 kg in 1994 and did not differ significantly between years. Following 14-18 h completion of Phase D, mean bodyweight was not significantly different from that at the start of Phase A in either year. Mean rectal temperature at the end of Phase D was 41 +/- 0.6 degrees C and 41.1 +/- 0.6 degrees C in 1993 and 1994, respectively (P > 0.05). Both the lowest (39.7 degrees C) and highest (41.8 degrees C) rectal temperatures were recorded at the end of Phase D in 1994. Plasma lactate concentrations at the end of Phase D were 8.5-38.5 mmol/l. The highest lactate concentration also coincided with the highest plasma glucose concentration (11.4 mmol/l) as well as the joint fastest time in either year, although overall lactate showed only weak correlations with mean speed on Phase D (r = 0.12, 1993; r = 0.58, 1994). While the Speed and Endurance test at CCI*****level run in a temperate climate presents a considerable challenge to the fitness and ability of the horses competing, the metabolic and physiological changes are not extreme. The majority of horses that finish the test appear to undergo a rapid and considerable degree of recovery and are able to present sound at the final inspection, take part in the showjumping test and complete the competition.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

An investigation of injection techniques for local analgesia of the equine distal tarsus and proximal metatarsus.

A positive radiographic contrast agent was injected into the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints of both hindlimbs of 10 horses. Lateromedial radiographic views were obtained at 5, 15 and 30 mins after injection. Injection was successful in 19 of 20 limbs. Communication between the centrodistal (CD) and TMT joints was identified in 7 limbs (35%). Contrast agent extended around the tendons of tibialis cranialis (TC) and fibularis tertius (FT) in 18 limbs, and in 7 limbs some contrast entered the tarsal sheath. Slight to moderate plantar and/or distal extension of contrast agent was identified in 13 limbs. On a subsequent occasion positive contrast agent was injected subtarsally using one of two techniques and radiography was repeated. Contrast agent was principally distributed on the plantar aspect of the 3rd metatarsal bone, the plantar aspect of the suspensory ligament and between the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons. Extension of contrast agent into the TMT joint was identified in only 1 limb but in 8 limbs contrast agent extended into the tarsal sheath. The practical implications of these results include the possibility that local anaesthetic solution injected into the TMT joint may alleviate pain from the CD joint, the insertions of TC and FT or the tarsal sheath. It may also result in perineural analgesia of the dorsal metatarsal nerves or the plantar metatarsal nerves. In some cases subtarsal injection of local anaesthetic solution may result in alleviation of pain from the tarsal sheath. False negative results for subtarsal analgesia may be achieved by inadvertent injection into the tarsal sheath or into a blood or lymphatic vessel.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1993

A comparison of responses to analgesia of the navicular bursa and intra-articular analgesia of the distal interphalangeal joint in 59 horses.

Analgesia of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint and of the navicular bursa was performed independently in the lame or lamer forelimb of 59 horses, in which lameness was significantly improved by perineural analgesia of either the palmar digital or palmar (abaxial sesamoid) nerves. In 3 horses no improvement was detected. Lameness was improved by analgesia of the DIP joint but there was no response to analgesia of the navicular bursa in 3 horses. In 12 horses, lameness was improved by analgesia of the navicular bursa but intra-articular analgesia resulted in no change. Forty-one horses responded both to analgesia of the navicular bursa and intra-articular analgesia of the DIP joint. Synovial fluid was retrieved from all DIP joints but from only one navicular bursa. It is suggested that a positive response to analgesia of the DIP joint does not necessarily imply that pain arises from the joint per se, but a positive response to intra-bursal analgesia probably reflects pathology of the bursa per se, the navicular bone and/or supporting ligaments and/or the DDFT. Radiographic abnormalities of the navicular bone in the lame or lamer limb were detected in 35 horses, all of which showed some response to analgesia of the navicular bursa. In 25 of these horses (71%) changes were only identifiable in the palmaroproximal-palmarodistal oblique views.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analgesia↗
PubMed1993

Forelimb lameness associated with radiographic abnormalities of the cervical vertebrae.

Eight horses had forelimb lameness which was considered unrelated to primary forelimb pain, but was associated with radiographic abnormalities of one or more cervical vertebrae. There was no evidence of ataxia or weakness. The degree and character of the forelimb lameness varied between horses. In 4 horses, selective local analgesic techniques were used to rule out lameness associated with pain in the forelimb. In the other 4 horses, radiographic examination of the cervical region was performed on the basis of forelimb lameness seen in conjunction with neck stiffness and/or neck pain. Three horses had marked modelling of the synovial articular facet joints in the caudal cervical region; a 4th horse had modelling and a fracture involving the synovial articulation between the 4th and 5th cervical vertebrae. One horse had abnormalities of the intercentral articulation between the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae and a discrete mineralised opacity dorsal to it. Two horses had large lucent zones in a vertebral body. One horse had a fracture of the body of the 7th cervical vertebra. Five horses were humanely destroyed, 2 returned to their previous level of activity after a prolonged period of rest and 1 was still being rested at the time of writing.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Five cases of gastrocnemius tendinitis in the horse.

The normal gastrocnemius tendon may contain some muscular tissue proximally. This results in a patchy echogenicity ultrasonographically where it lies caudal or lateral to the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT). When it has assumed a position dorsal (cranial) to the SDFT the gastrocnemius tendon has a more uniform echogenicity and its margins are well defined. Five horses had lameness associated with lesions identified ultrasonographically in the gastrocnemius tendon in the latter region. Lameness ranged from mild to severe and was characterised by reduced hock flexion, lowered arc of foot flight, shortened length of the cranial phase of the stride and in some horses a reduced duration of weight bearing during the caudal phase of the stride. Lameness was variably accentuated by flexion of the proximal or distal limb joints of the lame limb. Perineural analgesia of the tibial and fibular nerves or the tibial nerve alone substantially improved the lameness. All horses remained lame 2-3 months after initial examination, with minimal change in the ultrasonographic appearance of the lesion(s).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Lameness due to pain associated with the distal interphalangeal joint: 45 cases.

This paper describes the clinical and radiographic features, and response to treatment, of 45 horses which showed lameness that was improved by intra-articular anaesthesia of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint. Although many horses had poor conformation of the foot of the lame limb, the majority showed no localising clinical signs suggestive of involvement of the DIP joint. Lameness was usually unilateral. No horse with bilateral lameness responded to treatment. Palmar digital nerve blocks frequently improved or alleviated lameness, although in some horses palmar (abaxial sesamoid) nerve blocks were required to eliminate lameness. This difference in response did not affect response to treatment. Intra-articular anaesthesia of the DIP joint usually resulted in resolution of lameness within 5 mins; a partial improvement in lameness or a slow response were poor prognostic indicators. None of the horses had radiographic abnormalities compatible with navicular disease. Radiographic changes of the distal interphalangeal joint per se were generally detectable only in lateromedial views and were identified in less than one third of the horses. Success rates were low following treatment of cases with radiographic abnormalities. In those with no radiographic abnormalities the response to corrective trimming and shoeing and intra-articular administration of sodium hyaluronate, once or repeatedly, was variable and no parameters could be used to predict the likely outcome. Treatment was successful in approximately 30 per cent of cases. Subsequent treatment of horses which remained lame, by intra-articular administration of polysulphated glycosaminoglycans, was not helpful; only a small proportion became sound following prolonged (nine months) rest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Desmitis of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon: 27 cases (1986-1990).

Desmitis of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (ALDDFT) was diagnosed in 27 horses between September 1986 and December 1990. The first observed clinical sign in four horses was localised swelling in the proximal metacarpus. Twenty horses became lame suddenly during a work period and most developed swelling within 24 h of exercise. The injury was confirmed by ultrasonographic examination. Ten of 13 horses with uncomplicated desmitis of the ALDDFT resumed full work, within three to nine months of the onset of clinical signs, without recurrence of clinical signs in the period of follow-up (nine months to four years). Three horses presented with concurrent acute desmitis of the ALDDFT and superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendonitis and two horses had a history of SDF tendonitis; none of these resumed full work.

Animals↗