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Biomedical subjects

S J Goepferd

Publications and source records attributed to S J Goepferd.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Infant oral health.

According to the United Nations' Convention on "The Rights of the Child," articles 2 and 24, all children should have the same rights and have right to health and medical service. Early childhood caries is a lifestyle disease with biologic, behavioral, and social determinants. An early screening of all children at around 1 year of age is an excellent opportunity for early detection of risk factors and risk indicators that may increase the possibilities for its prevention. The caries risk evaluation should form the base for appropriate recommendations of preventive measures. The preventive care must be coordinated with an eventual operative care and should be based on education of prospective and new parents as well as professional and home-based measures. The various interventions must be developed further and evaluated in prospective studies in terms of effectiveness and efficiency for this specific age group. This is an urgent task for dental professionals and all societies with the ambition of providing good dental care for all young children.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Preventive oral health care for the infant, child, and adolescent.

Although we have the knowledge and technology necessary to prevent it, most children experience dental disease, and a few children continue to experience high rates of decay. The appropriateness and effectiveness of preventive measures vary throughout the life of a child, and recommendations should be tailored to the needs of the individual. Water fluoridation continues to be the most cost-effective preventive measure available. For patients who do not have access to fluoridated water, dietary supplementation offers similar benefits. A wide variety of professionally applied and home use topical fluoride products such as dentrifrices, gels, and rinses can also reduce the risk of dental caries, particularly on the smooth surfaces of the teeth. The most common site of decay in children is the fissures of the molar teeth. These areas can be protected by the professional application of plastic sealants. Dietary practices influence caries rates, and patients should be advised to limit the frequency of carbohydrate exposures rather than the total amount of carbohydrates consumed. Parents of infants should be advised to discontinue bottle feeding around the age of 12 months to avoid nursing caries. Although oral hygiene practices are not as effective in reducing caries rates as is generally believed, daily toothbrushing and flossing are unquestionably effective in preventing periodontal disease. In order to be maximally effective, preventive efforts should be initiated early in the life of the child. Although most children experience dental disease, a mouth free of caries and periodontal disease is a potentially attainable goal for all children when they use currently available techniques.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The effect of sealing white spot lesions on lesion progression in vitro.

The resistance of white spot lesions to acid demineralization when etched with phosphoric acid and sealed with a resin material was studied. Artificially created white spot lesions were sealed and re-exposed to an artificial caries medium along with unprotected white spot lesions. Examination with polarized light microscopy revealed continued progression of the unprotected white spot lesions, whereas no lesion progression was evident under the resin sealant. New lesions formed on unprotected sound enamel adjacent to the margin of the resin sealant over sound enamel tangent to the white spot lesions. The sealed sound enamel adjacent to the white spot lesions did not undergo demineralization indicating protection by the resin tags. Sealing white spot lesions following etching with a 37% phosphoric acid may be beneficial in inhibiting lesion progression.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed1987

A conservative postorthodontic treatment of enamel stains.

The purpose of this presentation is to describe a method used to remove or improve superficial stains in the enamel including mild decalcification present before and after orthodontic therapy. This procedure is only successful in the treatment of stains involving the outer enamel surface and is not effective for treating generalized pigmentation of the enamel and/or dentin. A step-by-step approach for the removal of the superficial enamel stains is presented.

Color↗
PubMed1986

Smokeless tobacco: a potential hazard to infants and children.

During the past several years, there has been a growing interest and concern relative to the increased use of smokeless tobacco, especially use among young people. Dentistry is concerned, in particular, with the oral hazards that are associated with smokeless tobacco. Accidental ingestion of poisonous substances is a significant problem among children. A case is reported illustrating the potential hazard of nicotine poisoning in an infant that resulted from an accidental ingestion of a smokeless tobacco-related product.

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed1981

Advanced alveolar bone loss in the primary dentition. A case report.

A case of advanced periodontal destruction in an otherwise healthy 41/2-year-old child is presented. Advanced alveolar destruction in the primary dentition is a rare phenomenon, highly suggestive of systemic disease. It is suggested that when systemic disease is absent as in this case, severe bone loss in the primary dentition may reflect a condition similar to juvenile periodontitis. Included in the report are the systemic conditions that must be considered in assessing extensive alveolar bone loss in the child.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of two methods for evaluating primary class II cavity preparations.

An analytical system for evaluating class II cavity preparations in primary teeth was developed and tested and then compared with the traditional global (glance and grade) evaluation method with respect to intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability. Fifteen examiners with varied experience in clinical evaluation rated 24 class II cavity preparations in ivorine¿ primary teeth mounted in dentoforms¿ in a simulated clinical setting. The global method of scoring was compared to an analytical system consisting of a rating scale with five operationally-defined points for each of 10 specifically-defined performance criteria. Interexaminer reliability was improved with the analytical system which also provides a means for facilitating student feedback and learning. The gain in reliability was not tested for statistical significance.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An allergy to local anesthetics? The consequences of a misdiagnosis.

In this case, inappropriately labeling the child as "allergic to local anesthetics", resulted in her inability to receive appropriate dental care. It was a major disservice to her and led to the potentially serious consequences of neglecting the dental disease present. The small caries lesions that would have required amalgam restorations at five years of age progressed to painful toothaches requiring stainless steel crowns and pulpal treatment. Although adverse reactions to local anesthetics are uncommon, most dentists can anticipate encountering a patient who will have an adverse reaction to a local anesthetic. This case ilustrates the need for dentists to be knowledgeable regarding the signs and symptoms of the potential adverse reactions and their appropriate management. Most importantly, prevention is based upon knowledge of anatomy, dose determination, and the use of proper armamentarium and technique, which are key factors in making a safe and effective drug even safer.

Anesthesia, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infant oral health: a rationale.

Because of their current knowledge about nursing caries, pit and fissure caries in toddlers, the effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants, fluorides, factors that influence dental caries, and the most recent and appropriate feeding and dietary recommendations, dentists are in a singular position to assist parents in rearing children who are caries-free. If we begin before the onset of that disease, our chances for success are greatly enhanced. Children's oral health should not be ignored or neglected until three years of age. Increasingly, parents of infants and toddlers are requesting preventive dental services for their children. As a profession we need to stand behind the American Society of Dentistry for Children's recommendation and be willing to provide preventive dental services for infants between six and twelve months of age. We are entering a new and wonderful era in dentistry where we have the opportunity to offer today's children the greatest potential for avoiding dental disease.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Infant oral health: a protocol.

The potential exists today for dental health professionals to assist parents in rearing caries-free children. The knowledge and technology are available and the request for this service is growing. The dental professional has the opportunity to accept this role with enthusiasm and continue to be a leader among the health professions in disease prevention. The dental profession must not ignore the oral health needs of infants and toddlers under three years of age. We must instead, take advantage of our knowledge and technology and begin our disease prevention efforts with children as infants, and educate parents regarding their important role in the oral health of their children. By doing so we can provide a pleasant and logical introduction to dentistry and promote the profession in a most positive way.

Child, Preschool↗