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Biomedical subjects

S J Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to S J Kumar.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Comparison of open microwave digestion and digestion by conventional heating for the determination of Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb in algae using transverse heated electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

A comparison between open microwave digestion and digestion by conventional heating was carried out for the determination of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb in two algae matrices using transverse heated electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). A SRM GBW 08504 cabbage was also analysed. These matrices were digested with HNO3, using a quartz vessel for microwave digestion and PFA vessel for digestion by conventional heating. Cd, Cu and Cr were determined without any modifier, while magnesium nitrate and ammonium phosphate mixed modifier was used for Pb. Results obtained by both the procedures were in good agreement with each other at 95% confidence level, and for SRM GBW 08504 cabbage the values agree well with the certified values. The limits of detection obtained were 0.0004, 0.060, 0.065 and 0.054 mg/kg for Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb, respectively, using the microwave digestion process. The RSD for Cd was 10-15% and for the other elements 5-10%.

Bryopsida↗
PubMed1999

Involvement of the humerus in two generations with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia.

Children with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia present with a disproportionate short stature, platyspondyly, scoliosis, coxa vara, and clubfeet. Extraskeletal manifestations such as retinal detachment and deafness have been reported. The authors report two patients, a mother and her daughter, aged 35 and 6 years, with findings of pseudarthrosislike lesions in the middiaphysis of both humeri. The mother had minimal symptoms that resolved spontaneously, and the child had no symptoms related to these lesions. The radiographs of the mother show complete remodeling of the lesion. The pseudarthrosislike lesion of the humerus may be one of the manifestations of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congentia. In time, the bone remodels completely. Because this is a relatively new radiographic finding, the authors suggest performing a radiograph of the humeri in patients with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita at least once during childhood.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Fibrous dysplasia of the proximal part of the femur. Long-term results of curettage and bone-grafting and mechanical realignment.

We reviewed the long-term outcomes of treatment of fibrous dysplasia of the proximal part of the femur in twenty-two patients (twenty-seven femora). There were fifteen male patients and seven female patients. Patients who had monostotic disease had no involvement of the calcar femorale, fewer microfractures, less deformity, and stronger bone that could support internal fixation. Patients who had polyostotic disease had frequent involvement of the calcar femorale; more microfractures; severe deformity, including shepherd's crook deformity; and, in many instances, bone that could not support internal fixation. Twenty-two of the twenty-seven femora had a microfracture at the time of the initial presentation. At least one osteotomy was performed in four femora that had monostotic disease and in nine femora that had polyostotic disease. Curettage and cancellous or cortical bone-grafting did not appear to have any advantage compared with osteotomy alone in the treatment of symptomatic lesions, as all grafts resorbed with persistence of the lesion. At the time of the latest follow-up evaluation, no lesion had been eradicated or had decreased in size. A satisfactory clinical result was achieved in twenty patients (twenty-four femora): nine who had monostotic disease and eleven who had polyostotic disease. Two patients who had polyostotic disease and an endocrinopathy (one of whom had bilateral involvement) had an unsatisfactory result. All three femora in these two patients had a neck-shaft angle of less than 90 degrees at the time of the most recent follow-up evaluation. Varus deformity of the proximal part of the femur is best treated with valgus osteotomy and internal fixation early in the course of the disease. If the calcar of the femoral neck is involved or if the quality of the bone is such that internal fixation is not possible, a medial displacement valgus osteotomy can provide a more mechanically favorable position for healing of the microfracture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Spontaneous union of a congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia after Syme amputation.

A 4-year-old boy with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia had two unsuccessful operative attempts for union. After these procedures the patient had a 6-cm leg length discrepancy and an equinovalgus foot deformity. Because of these deformities he underwent Syme amputation at the ankle and was fitted with a total contact prosthesis. Eight months after the amputation, a solid union was seen across the pseudarthrosis site, although no attempt was made to achieve union with internal fixation or bone grafting. The authors think that vertical alignment of the limb in a total contact prosthesis, along with the compressive forces of weightbearing, allowed the pseudarthrosis site to heal in the patient.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1997

Distal tibiofibular diastasis secondary to osteochondroma in a child.

An 18-month-old girl with a distal tibiofibular diastasis secondary to an osteochondroma was seen with a valgus deformity of the ankle. The patient underwent operative excision of the osteochondroma at the age of 2 years. At 13-year followup there was resolution of the diastasis, and the patient was free of symptoms. Early excision obviates the need for complex reconstructive surgery to correct ankle deformity later.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1996

Adherence of Streptococcus uberis to bovine mammary epithelial cells and to extracellular matrix proteins.

Adherence of an encapsulated (UT 101) and a non-encapsulated (UT 102) strain of Streptococcus uberis to a bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) and to extracellular matrix proteins (ECMP) including fibronectin, collagen and laminin was investigated. S. uberis was co-cultured at 4 degrees C with MAC-T cell monolayers. Both strains of S. uberis adhered to MAC-T cells. However, the non-encapsulated strain of S. uberis adhered better to MAC-T cells than the encapsulated strain. Preincubation of MAC-T cells with lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and/or treatment of S. uberis with antibodies directed against the carboxyl-terminal half of type 24 M protein reduced adherence of both strains of S. uberis to MAC-T cells. Adherence to ECMP was measured by incubating bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein acetomethyl ester (BCECF-AM) labelled S. uberis in 96-well plates coated with fibronectin, collagen or laminin. Both strains adhered to ECMP, however, the encapsulated strain adhered better to ECMP than the non-encapsulated strain. Results of this investigation demonstrated that both strains of S. uberis evaluated were capable of adhering to bovine mammary epithelial cells and to ECMP. Adherence of S. uberis to mammary epithelium may be an extremely important mechanism in the establishment and progression of bovine intramammary infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Vertebral body shape as a predictor of spinal deformity in osteogenesis imperfecta.

We analyzed forty-four patients who had osteogenesis imperfecta, in order to determine the prevalence of spinal deformities. At the time of the most recent follow-up scoliosis was present in thirty patients (68 per cent) and kyphosis, in eighteen (41 per cent). According to the classification system of Falvo et al., scoliosis progressed rapidly with growth in twelve of fifteen patients who had the congenita type of osteogenesis imperfecta and in four of thirteen who had the tarda-I type. Curves that progressed before puberty did not always continue to progress after cessation of growth. Lateral roentgenograms made at the initial examination revealed four types of vertebral body deformities: biconcave, flattened, wedged, and unclassifiable vertebrae:Biconcave vertebrae were seen characteristically in patients who had the congenita type of osteogenesis imperfecta. The presence of six biconcave vertebrae or more before puberty indicated that severe scoliosis (more than 50 degrees) was likely to develop. Biconcave vertebrae did not appear to affect the severity of kyphosis. The other types of vertebral deformities were not useful for predicting progression of spinal deformity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Congenital dislocation of the hip in boys.

Fifty-five boys with seventy-eight congenitally dislocated hips were treated between 1965 and 1990. The patients were divided into three groups according to the initial treatment. Group I included thirty hips (twenty-two boys) that had been treated initially with a Pavlik harness. Two hips (7 per cent) had a successful outcome, and twenty-eight (93 per cent) needed additional methods of treatment. Group II included forty-two hips (twenty-nine boys) that had been treated initially with closed reduction and immobilization in a hip-spica cast. After the closed reduction, twenty-nine hips (69 per cent) were considered stable, although fifteen (52 per cent) of them needed a secondary procedure because of residual subluxation or persistent acetabular dysplasia. Thirteen hips (31 per cent) were considered unstable after the closed reduction and subsequently had an open reduction. Group III included six hips (four boys) that had been treated initially with open reduction. Two of these hips redislocated after the open reduction, and they were reduced with an additional open reduction. A pelvic osteotomy was later performed to treat persistent acetabular dysplasia in these two hips. Two hips that had been treated with an open reduction and concomitant pelvic and femoral procedures did not need additional treatment. This study demonstrates that boys who have congenital dislocation of the hip do not always respond well to treatment and constitute a high-risk group.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1994

Surgical treatment of dysplastic spondylolisthesis. Results after in situ fusion.

STUDY DESIGN: Fourteen patients who had symptomatic dysplastic spondylolisthesis with an intact pars interarticularis underwent posterolateral spinal fusion. Patients initially had low back pain, tight hamstrings, and limited forward bending. In addition, four patients had signs of progressive cauda equina or nerve root impingement. In 10 patients (71%), preoperative degree of slippage was more than 50% (mean, 72%). METHODS: Ten patients underwent in situ posterolateral spinal fusion, and four patients with progressive neurologic symptoms had posterior decompression followed by in situ posterolateral spinal fusion. RESULTS: All patients had solid fusion at last follow-up. A pseudoarthrosis developed in one patient, which healed after a second operation. Roentgenographic progression of the slip after fusion was rare. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that for dysplastic spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents, in situ posterolateral spine fusion yields satisfactory results. In addition, in the presence of progressive cauda equina or nerve root impingement, posterior decompression may be necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Genomic fingerprints of Staphylococcus aureus of bovine origin by polymerase chain reaction-based DNA fingerprinting.

Staphylococcus aureus (n = 75) isolated from mammary secretions of cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis from several geographic locations in the USA were examined using polymerase chain reaction-based DNA fingerprinting. DNA fingerprints were produced using a synthetic oligonucleotide primer (5'GTAACGCC3') to produce a distinct spectrum of amplified DNA fragments facilitating a high degree of resolution for differentiating S. aureus strains. PCR-based DNA fingerprinting grouped the 75 S. aureus isolates into 19 distinct profiles. The technique differentiated closely related strains within and between geographic locations. Findings suggest that certain types are found across geographic regions suggesting a common clonal type. Within herd data suggest heterogeneity among subclinical and clinical isolates of S. aureus strains. Compared to existing typing methods, PCR-based DNA fingerprinting is easy to perform and interpret. Use of PCR-based DNA fingerprinting may allow for a more detailed investigation of the epidemiology of S. aureus mastitis in dairy cows.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Epiphyseometaphyseal cupping of the distal femur with knee-flexion contracture.

An 11-year-old child with a history of receiving megadoses of vitamin A as an infant, and a 4-year-old child with a history of fulminant staphylococcal septicemia with multiple joint involvement presented with recalcitrant knee-flexion contractures. Roentgenography revealed epiphyseometaphyseal cupping (ie, epiphyseal invagination) of the distal femur. Osteotomy resulted in only temporary correction. Our experience suggests that in the skeletally immature child, skin traction, physical therapy, splinting, and, in some instances, two-pin tibial traction should be the treatments of choice.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1992

Osseous and non-osseous coalition of the middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint.

Sixteen patients (eighteen feet) who had a coalition of the middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint had operative resection of the coalition because nonoperative treatment, such as casts, failed to relieve the symptoms. The patients were symptomatic for an average of one and a half years (range, four months to two years) before they were seen by us. The average age at the time of the operation was fourteen years (range, seven to nineteen years). Three feet had resection with no material interposed, six had resection with interposition of fat, and nine had resection with interposition of half of the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle. The average length of follow-up was four years (range, two to eight years). The result was excellent for eight feet, good for eight feet, and fair for one foot; for one foot, the result was poor because the coalition recurred. Three types of coalition were identified on preoperative computed-tomography scans that correlated with the operative findings. Type I was an osseous bridging of the middle facet joint (five feet). Type II (cartilaginous coalition) was marked narrowing of the middle facet joint with cortical irregularity (three feet). In Type III (fibrous coalition), there was only slight narrowing of the middle facet joint (ten feet). The type of coalition did not influence the result. Fibrous coalitions were the most difficult to detect; bone scintigraphy was used to confirm the diagnosis when other tests were equivocal. We believe that symptomatic coalition of the middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint should be treated with resection when non-operative methods fail to relieve symptoms.

Adolescent↗