PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S J Nillius

Publications and source records attributed to S J Nillius.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Endometrial morphology after 6 months of continuous treatment with a new gonadotropin-releasing hormone superagonist for contraception.

Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on endometrial curettage specimens from 27 women after 6 months of contraceptive treatment with continuous intranasal gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) superagonist. The GnRH superagonist nafarelin acetate (D-Nal[2]6-GnRH) was used in single daily doses of 125 or 250 micrograms. Ovulation was inhibited during all but one of the 159 treatment months. No pregnancies occurred. In 6 women with fairly regular bleedings, the endometrium displayed weak to normal proliferation. Twenty women developed oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, 16 of them had inactive endometrium, 1 had weakly proliferative endometrium, and 3 endometrial biopsies were too sparse for adequate evaluation. One woman reported repeated episodes of heavy uterine bleedings. The endometrial biopsy from this woman showed weak proliferation. No signs of endometrial hyperplasia were observed. Generally, the electron microscopy showed signs of low metabolic activity and weak protein synthesis. Thus, long-term continuous treatment with nafarelin acetate for inhibition of ovulation does not appear to have untoward effects on the endometrium.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1987

Increased bone turnover during gonadotropin-releasing hormone superagonist-induced ovulation inhibition.

Superactive stimulatory analogs of GnRH inhibit ovulation in women. This investigation was done to assess bone turnover during GnRH agonist-induced anovulation. Particular interest was directed to the effects of smoking, since smokers have an increased risk of osteoporosis. Fasting serum calcium, phosphate, PTH, and bone Gla-protein (osteocalcin) levels, as well as urinary calcium, cAMP, and hydroxyproline excretion and the renal tubular threshold for phosphate were determined before and after 6 months of GnRH superagonist contraceptive treatment in 47 women, 22 of whom smoked more than 10 cigarettes daily. Before treatment the women who smoked had significantly higher serum phosphate concentrations and lower serum PTH concentrations than the women who did not smoke. Fasting serum calcium and the urinary calcium to creatinine ratio increased after treatment in all women, especially in the nonsmokers. The nonsmokers also had more pronounced increases in serum phosphate and osteocalcin concentrations. A decrease in serum PTH during treatment was confined to the nonsmokers. These results suggest increased bone resorption and turnover during GnRH agonist-induced anovulation and indicate that smoking habits should be taken into account in the evaluation of bone disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Metabolic profile in obese women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.

Nine obese women with oligo- or ameno-rrhoea, all with clinical and endocrinological signs of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) were submitted to metabolic studies. Their mean weight was 96 kg and their mean plasma testosterone concentration was 3.5 nmol/l. A group of nine obese, regularly menstruating women of similar age and degree of obesity (mean body weight 102 kg) served as controls. Their mean testosterone concentration was 1.9 nmol/l. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I concentrations in plasma were significantly lower in women with PCO than in control women. Furthermore, in the whole group the testosterone level showed significant inverse relationships to HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.64; P less than 0.01) and apo A-I (r = -0.59; P less than 0.01). The lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA) in adipose tissue was lower in the women with PCO than in the control group with levels similar to those found in adipose tissue in men. There was an inverse relationship between the testosterone concentration in plasma and LPLA in adipose tissue (r = -0.51; P less than 0.05). The fat cells were of similar size at different regions in the women with PCO but showed marked differences in the control subjects who had much larger cells at the femoral than the abdominal site. The results show that the hyperandrogenism in PCO affects adipose tissue LPLA which could explain the lower HDL cholesterol values in women with PCO.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Intranasal peptide contraception by inhibition of ovulation with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone superagonist nafarelin: six months' clinical results.

Forty-seven woman volunteers used a new highly potent stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for contraception. The superagonist nafarelin acetate, D-Nal(2)6-GnRH, was administered intranasally in one daily dose of 125 micrograms to 25 women and 250 micrograms to 22 women. Ovulation was consistently inhibited during 261 of 262 treatment months. No pregnancy occurred during 222 months in which no additional contraceptives were used. The mean plasma estradiol level after 6 months of treatment was 162 pmol/l. The predominant bleeding pattern was oligomenorrhea. Three women on the lower dose and six women on the higher dose discontinued the trial prematurely, mainly because of hot flushes. No serious side effects were reported. Ovulatory menstruations returned after a median time of 43 days after discontinuation of therapy. Daily intranasal nafarelin treatment for inhibition of ovulation proved to be an effective and rapidly reversible method of contraception.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1985

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonists for new approaches to contraception in man.

Potent and long-acting stimulatory analogues to the hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were originally developed for profertility purposes. Paradoxically they proved to possess anti-fertility properties. Their anti-gonadal properties are at present being utilized for therapeutic purposes, e.g. contraception, treatment of central precocious puberty and sex steroid-dependent benign and malignant diseases of the reproductive organs, predominantly metastatic prostatic cancer. This review will be limited to the potential use of superactive GnRH agonists for contraception in women and men. Inhibit ion of ovulation by continuous GnRH agonist administration has been studied most extensively and will be dealt with in more detail. Other approaches to interfere with corpus luteum function (induction of in adequate luteal function, luteolysis or early abortion) have so far proved less successful. In males, complete azoospermia has not been consistently achieved by chronic high dose GnRH superagonist therapy alone. Testosterone supplementation is mandatory to avoid the unacceptable side effects associated with GnRH superagonist therapy, namely loss of libido and potency. Thus, to date, inhibition of ovulation by repeated intranasal GnRH agonist administration seems to have the greatest potential as a future contraceptive method. In long-term clinical trials, this new lead to birth control has already proved to provide safe, reliable and reversible contraception in women.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1985

Return of menstruation and normalization of prolactin in hyperprolactinemic women with bromocriptine-induced pregnancy.

Fifty-eight hyperprolactinemic women were followed up for 13 to 108 months after at least one bromocriptine-induced pregnancy for investigation of whether the pregnancy had any adverse long-term effects on the hyperprolactinemic state. Fifteen women had two term pregnancies. The prolactin (PRL) level decreased greater than 50% in 20 women after the pregnancy. Only two women showed a PRL level increase. Spontaneous uterine bleedings returned in 16 women, whereas 42 remained amenorrheic. Thus, bromocriptine-induced pregnancy in women with hyperprolactinemia has no negative long-term effect on PRL secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Gonadotropin releasing hormone analogs for female contraception by inhibition of ovulation.

One hundred and one healthy regularly ovulating women used two superactive GnRH agonists, Buserelin and Nafarelin, for contraception for 3-26 months. The superagonists were administered once daily by a nasal spray. The treatment was initiated on one of the first 3 days of the menstrual cycle. Seventy-one volunteers used 200, 400 or 600 micrograms of Buserelin for contraception for 3-26 months. Normal ovulation was disturbed in all but 3 of 628 treatment months. No pregnancy occurred. Fifty-three women had regular or sparse menstrual-like bleedings during treatment while 18 developed amenorrhea. Normal ovulation and fertility rapidly returned after cessation of therapy. Thirty women received 125 or 250 micrograms of Nafarelin intranasally once daily for 3 months. The treatment consistently inhibited ovulation without serious side effects. The inhibition of ovulation by prolonged continuous intranasal GnRH agonist therapy is a promising new lead to peptide contraception in women.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1985

Pulsatile GnRH therapy--an alternative successful therapy for induction of ovulation in infertile normo- and hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoeic women with pituitary tumours.

Pulsatile treatment with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was given to induce ovulation in 3 infertile, amenorrhoeic women with pituitary tumours not suitable for conventional therapy with human gonadotrophins or dopamine agonists. Two of the women had prolactinomas and the third a non-secreting adenoma. The GnRH therapy resulted in ovulations in all the 3 women, in 2 of them despite marked hyperprolactinaemia. Two women conceived and had term pregnancies. One pregnancy was uneventful while the woman with the non-secreting tumour developed symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. These symptoms rapidly disappeared when bromocriptine therapy was instituted. Chronic pulsatile GnRH administration is an effective alternative treatment for induction of ovulation in some amenorrhoeic women with pituitary tumours.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1979

Intranasal gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist as a contraceptive agent.

The stimulatory luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) analogue D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH was administered intranasally once daily to twenty-seven regularly menstruating women to determine its efficacy as a contraceptive agent. Ovulation was inhibited during all but 2 of the 89 treatment months. The failures were due to initial technical problems with the nasal spray. Twenty-one of the twenty-seven women had slight menstrual-like anovulatory bleeds during the 3--6 month trial. The remaining six women were amenorrhoeic. Ovulatory menstrual cycles rapidly returned after discontinuation of treatment. There were no serious side-effects.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1979

Bromocriptine treatment of seven women with primary amenorrhoea and prolactin-secreting pituitary tumours.

Seven women with primary amenorrhoea and hyperprolactinaemia were treated with bromocriptine. All the women had started to develop secondary sex characteristics at normal age but pubertal development stopped and menarche did not occur. Radiological signs of a pituitary tumour were found in all the women. Before the pituitary tumour was diagnosed, four women had been given longterm cyclical oestrogen replacement therapy. Three women had received primary tumour therapy with surgery and/or irradiation but had persistent hyperprolactinaemia. The basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were low in four of the women while all the women had normal basal levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and normal or exaggerated gonadotrophin responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). None of the women had evidence of endogenous oestrogen production before treatment. Bromocriptine treatment normalized the raised serum prolactin levels (46-2900 microgram/l) in all but one woman, in whom the prolactin level decreased from 160 to 38 microgram/l. Regular ovulatory menstrual cycles appeared in four women, one of whom had previously been treated by transsphenoidal adenomectomy followed by external irradiation. Two other women with persistent hyperprolactinaemia after previous surgical and/or irradiation treatment of large pituitary tumours did not menstruate after more than one year of treatment with bromocriptine. One infertile patient with a microadenoma conceived at the first ovulation on therapy and developed symptoms and signs of tumour growth during pregnancy.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMed1979

Reduced gonadotropin secretion in postmenopausal women during treatment with a stimulatory LRH analogue.

The potent and long-acting LRH agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH was administered in a daily subcutaneous dose of 5 microgram to 5 postmenopausal women for a period of 10 days. The LRH analogue produced a significant decrease in both the basal FSH and LH levels and the gonadotropin responses to the agonist. The estrogen levels in serum remained unchanged during the study period. The results suggest that D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LRH has a direct inhibitory effect at the pituitary level.

Aged↗