PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S J Prowse

Publications and source records attributed to S J Prowse.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Lymphokine (interleukin 2) secretion as a measure of T cell recognition of parasite antigens.

The secretion of the lymphokine, Interleukin 2 (IL2), from cells obtained from the lymph nodes of mice infected by the murine nematode, Nematospiroides dubius, is used an indication of T cell recognition of parasite antigens. It is demonstrated that IL2 secretion is T cell-dependent and occurs only when the lymph node cells are cultivated in the presence of at least 5 micrograms/ml of a parasite antigen preparation. The presence of adherent peritoneal exudate cells from uninfected mice in the cultures is an essential requirement for lymphokine release. This system can be used to quantitate T cell recognition of parasite antigens and to study T cell/antigen-presenting-cell interactions involved in the immune response to parasite infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Interleukin 2 production by both Ly2+ and Ly2- T-cell subsets.

Homogeneous T-cell populations produced by activating lymphocytes to I-, K-, or K+ D- region-encoded determinants of the mouse H-2 complex release interleukin 2 when restimulated by concanavalin A. Contrary to earlier reports on the cellular origin of the lymphokine, we find that interleukin 2 production can be either Ly2+ or Ly2- T-cell-dependent.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

An improved assay for interleukin 2 (lymphocyte growth factor) produced by mitogen-activated lymphocytes.

The continued proliferation of activated T cells requires the presence of a lymphocyte growth factor in the culture medium. This study describes a rapid, highly reproducible assay to quantitatively measure levels of this lymphokine. The use of Concanavalin-A blast cells given this assay a high degree of flexibility and convenience. It is shown that the lymphokine measured is interleukin 2. The presence of an inhibitor in the supernatant of mitogen activated lymphocytes and the species specificity of the factor are demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Alternative pathway activation of complement by a murine parasitic nematode (Nematospiroides dubius).

The cuticular surface of the infectious third-stage larvae of Nematospiroides dubius activates complement via the alternative pathway. Sensitisation of larvae with complement or with antibodies from the serum of immune mice (resistant to reinfection) promoted the adherence of mouse peritoneal exudate cells to the larval cuticle during incubation in vitro. The infectivity of larvae sensitized with antibody or complement was significantly reduced after incubation with cells from immune mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The development of resistance in different inbred strains of mice to infection with Nematospiroides dubius.

Infection by the intestinal nematode parasite Nematospiroides dubius was studied in seven different inbred mouse strains. Although there was some minor variation in the susceptibility of the different strains to a primary infection there were marked differences in their ability to develop resistance to infection following repeated exposure to infective larvae. The strains of mice which developed the best resistance also expelled adult worms arising from the previous infections. The adult worms resulting from a primary infection were slowly eliminated in two inbred strains studied whereas no loss occurred from outbred LACA mice. Although males and females of two strains, C3H/HeJ and CBA/H were equally susceptible to a primary infection, the females developed better resistance than the male mice following two oral administrations of third stage larvae. Infected mice of every strain and both sexes contained high levels of IgG1 in the serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Immunity to Nematospiroides dubius: cell and immunoglobulin changes associated with the onset of immunity in mice.

The effect of one or more immunising infections on the susceptibility of mice to a subsequent challenge dose of Nematospiroides dubius larvae has been investigated. Following a single infection, animals developed a partial resistance characterized by their capacity to kill no more than half of the challenge dose of larvae. This low degree of immunity prevailed for some weeks after initial infection. A second immunising infection was found to induce a sudden increase in resistance such that at least 95% of a subsequent challenge dose of larvae was killed. This increase occurred 6 to 8 days after the second immunisation. Similar results were observed for mice immunised orally or intravenously. During the course of immunisations, absolute and differential cell levels in the blood and peritoneum as well as serum concentrations of the various immunoglobulin classes were determined. The results are considered in terms of the possible involvement of two distinct mechanisms of immunity to N. dubius, one requiring the participation of macrophages and the other, eosinophils.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Nematospiroides dubius: susceptibility to infection and the development of resistance in hypothymic (nude) BALB/c mice.

BALB/c-nu/nu mice and their intact nu/+ littermates are equally susceptible to infection with third-stage larvae of Nematospiroides dubius. Unlike their heterozygous littermates, however, the nu/nu mice are unable to form ganulomata in the intestinal wall and become only partially resistant to rechallenge. Following two or more infections, nu/nu mice maintain a high burden of adult intestinal worms, whereas worms are lost from immune nu/+ mice. Studies in T cell-injected nu/nu mice suggest that a full complement of T cells is needed to develop maximum resistance against the infective third-stage larvae and to expel adult worms. Measurement of serum immunoglobulin levels indicate that infected nu/+ mice have very high levels of IgG1 whereas the levels of IgG2a are reduced. In infected T cell-injected nu/nu mice, IgG1 levels increase with the number of T cells injected, whereas IgG2a levels are variable but always higher than in infected nu/+ mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Induction of immunity in mice to the nematode parasite, Nematospiroides dubius.

The data presented in this paper show that mice may be immunised against re-infection with Nematospiroides dubius by giving live third-stage larvae orally, intravenously, intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. Immunity is directed not against the adult worm but against third-stage larvae following their penetration of the wall of the intestine.

Administration, Oral↗