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Biomedical subjects

S J Shin

Publications and source records attributed to S J Shin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Renal dysfunction associated with infection of Leptospira interrogans in a horse.

Renal failure associated with infection of Leptospira interrogans was detected in a horse. Fever, leukocytosis, pyuria, isosthenuria, and azotemia were suggestive of an inflammatory urinary tract disease. Despite persistent pyuria, no bacteria were found during routine microscopic examinations or bacteriologic culturing of urine. A fluorescent antibody examination of the urine was positive for L interrogans. Serologic testing during a 6-month period, supported an acute infection with L interrogans serovar pomona. Treatment with intravenously administered fluids and antimicrobials resulted in clinical recovery. Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona has been reported as causing fever, uveitis, or abortion in horses.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

Sequence analysis of the ROB-1 beta-lactamase gene from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.

The ROB-1 beta-lactamase gene from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was cloned and sequenced. The structural gene encodes a 305 amino acid polypeptide. The ROB-1 beta-lactamase gene sequence is identical to that derived from Pasteurella haemolytica and only one amino acid different from that of Haemophilus influenzae, suggesting that they are derived from the same ancestor, and transformed from one to another.

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of plasmids with antimicrobial resistant genes in Pasteurella haemolytica A1.

Two R plasmids, pYFC1 and pYFC2, from Pasteurella haemolytica A1 encoding sulfonamide, streptomycin (pYFC1), and ampicillin (pYFC2) resistances have been characterized by restriction endonuclease digestions, subcloning or DNA sequencing. pYFC1 consists of 4225 bp and is 51.9% in AT content. Physical mapping indicated a highly conserved region of restriction sites among pYFC1, RSF1010, pGS05, pFM739, pHD148 and pGS03B. pYFC1 encoded a dihydropteroate synthase (29.8 kDa), and streptomycin kinase (29.6 kDa) which is homologous in nucleotide sequences or deduced amino acid sequence to that encoded by a broad-host range IncQ plasmid RSF1010. Based on the primary structure of pYFC1, the sulfonamide and streptomycin genes are derived from the same ancestor of RSF1010. pYFC2 is similar to the plasmid from P. haemolytica LNPB51 isolated in France by partial restriction enzyme mapping. pYFC1 and pYFC2 have the same size of 4.2 kbp.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Influence of central obesity and obesity level on the prevalence of NIDDM and impaired glucose tolerance.

The purpose of this study was to determine the association of the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) with central obesity, obesity, and family history of diabetes. This survey consisted of 1590 subjects (646 men, 944 women) aged 30 years or more from the Sun-Ming district of Kaoshiung city. Glucose tolerance status was ascertained by both medical history and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test according to World Health Organization criteria. In men and women with central obesity (WHR > or = 0.92 in men and > or = 0.85 in women) or obesity (BMI > or = 27.6 kg/m2 in men and > or = 28.3 kg/m2 in women) (WHR: waist-hip ratio; BMI: body mass index), the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes was significantly higher, except the prevalence of diabetes in both sexes with obesity and the prevalence of IGT in women with central obesity were not statistically different, as compared with nonobese subjects. The prevalence of diabetes in men significantly increased from the first quartile to the fourth quartile of BMI and the waist-hip ratio (WHR) (4.48% to 9.21% in BMI, 3.67% to 13.61% in WHR), while the prevalence in women also significantly increased from the first to fourth quartile (2.45% to 11.76% in BMI, 2.04% to 13.49% in WHR). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed similar increase in the prevalence of diabetes among both men and women for every 1 kg/m2 increase in BMI and every 0.05 increase in WHR (1.07-fold and 1.09-fold in BMI, 1.34-fold and 1.32-fold in WHR, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A survey of the relationships between children and their parents in chronic disease risk factors, health knowledge and lifestyles].

The purpose of this study is to understand the relationships for risk factors, health knowledge and lifestyles between children and their parents. 2806 primary schoolchildren in Kaohsiung City were measured for selected risk factors: serum cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and height and weight for obese index (Rohrer's index). Children whose Rohrer's index > or = 150, or blood pressure, or CHOL, or TG level were above the 95th percentile distribution in the same age group were categorized as the risk group, the other children fell into the non-risk group. Using random sampling, 180 children were chosen from risk group and non-risk group respectively. A structured questionnaire about health knowledge and lifestyles were filled out by these children and their parents. In the risk group, the questionnaire was completed by 157 children, 103 fathers and 112 mothers. In the non-risk group, 102 children, 83 fathers and 82 mothers completed the questionnaire. The same risk factors examination of children was given to parents; 86 fathers and 144 mothers completed the examination from the risk group, while 56 fathers and 98 mothers completed the examination in the non-risk group. The results showed that: (1) there were significant positive correlations between children and their parents in CHOL, TG and obese index in risk group; children of mothers with higher CHOL and TG levels also showed higher CHOL and TG levels, (2) childrens' health knowledge was not correlated with parents' health knowledge, (3) childrens' lifestyles showed a significant positive correlation with mothers' lifestyles, (4) health knowledge has a significant positive correlation with childrens' and parents' lifestyles, (5) healthy lifestyles have a negative correlation with Rohrer's index in children and a negative correlation with TG level in fathers. The results suggest the presence of certain relationships for risk factors and lifestyles between children and their parents.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Epidermal growth factor in renal hypertrophy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentrations in the plasma, kidneys and urine of 31 streptozotocin-diabetic rats and 21 insulin-treated diabetic rats were measured to study the role of EGF in initiating renal hypertrophy in the diabetic rats. Renal hypertrophy occurred from day 7 in the diabetic rats, but not in the insulin-treated rats. Renal EGF was not different between the diabetic and control rats, while that in the insulin-treated rats was significantly less than in the diabetic rats. There were no significant changes in plasma EGF in any of the rats. Urine EGF was 119 +/- 7.9 ng/day at day 7 in the control rats but it was significantly increased from day 2 in the diabetic rats (320 +/- 52.9 ng/day at day 2 and 298 +/- 18.4 ng/day at day 7), while in the insulin-treated rats it was significantly less than that in the diabetic rats (134 +/- 8.34 ng/day at day 2 and 220 +/- 15.2 ng/day at day 7). Since the kidney is the main source of urine EGF and EGF has been shown to induce renal growth both in vitro and in vivo, we conclude that EGF may have initiated renal hypertrophy in diabetic rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease: experience with intraperitoneal insulin therapy.

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a valuable alternative to hemodialysis in treating uremic diabetics, and insulin can be injected directly into dialysate and absorbed intraperitoneally (IP). We evaluated the effect of IP supply of insulin in 9 uremic diabetics undergoing CAPD therapy. The 9 patients included 5 males and 4 females, with a mean age of 57 +/- 12 years old. The study showed that serum biochemistry was stationary during the treatment period except for the variable elevations of serum triglyceride and cholesterol. Hypertension was easily controlled in most patients. The insulin requirements ranged from 50 to 180 (129 +/- 34) units/day, which was 4.2 +/- 1.6 times higher than the subcutaneous doses before dialysis. Insulin added to the dialysate showed a high percentage of adsorption (55% to 65%) onto the plastic bag. The blood glucose levels varied less after an IP supply of insulin. The overall incidence of peritonitis was 8 episodes in 135 patient months (one episode every 16.9 patient months), and the average duration of hospitalization was 14.9 +/- 11.2 days/year. The cumulative survival rates were 89% in the first year and 74% in the second year. Our experience indicates that CAPD is an ideal treatment modality for uremic diabetics, and IP supply of insulin results in a good control of diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Lack of favorable effect of immunomodulators on outbred syngeneic rodent islet transplantation.

We studied the effect of two immunomodulators, lobenzarit disodium and OK-432, on outbred syngeneic islet transplantation. Six hundred fresh islets taken from two male Wistar rats were transplanted intraportally into other male Wistar rats that had been made diabetic with streptozotocin. Lobenzarit was given to 12 recipients and OK-432 to seven recipients intraperitoneally for 1 month, while nine controls received only intraperitoneal saline. Both drug-treated groups could not maintain lower fasting plasma glucose levels or higher fasting body weights at each time as compared with controls. The islet survival time in lobenzarit-treated (23.5 +/- 8.0 days) and OK-432-treated (25.3 +/- 13.4 days) groups was not longer than that (21.6 +/- 9.4 days) of the control group. All the pancreatic insulin contents of the seven surviving controls, ten surviving lobenzarit and five surviving OK-432 recipients were less than 0.8% of the mean insulin content obtained from 12 normal male rats. The hepatic insulin content of both drug-treated groups was not higher than that of the control group. These results suggest that lobenzarit disodium and OK-432 cannot protect outbred syngeneic islet grafts.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

The variability of 24-hour, overnight 12-hour, and morning one-hour, urinary albumin excretion in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric hospitalized diabetics.

Albumin excretion rates (AER) of three consecutive days in different urine collection periods were measured in 7 hospitalized microalbuminuric diabetics (Ma DM) and 7 normoalbuminuric diabetics (Na DM). They were divided on the basis of an initial overnight urinary AER below or above 10 micrograms/min. The percentage of variation coefficients (% CV) of 24-hour, overnight 12-hour, and morning one-hour urine collections in Ma DM were 29.9%, 31.8% and 50.9%, respectively; while in Na DM group were 60.0%, 60.3% and 74.5%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the variation of AER among the three different urine collection procedures in both Ma DM and Na DM groups, or for similar urine collection between the two groups. The initial AER was compared to the subsequent two AERs in overnight 12-hour collection. The results were that three Ma DM patients had a subsequent AER below 10 micrograms/min and two Na DM patients had a subsequent AER above 10 micrograms/min on a single occasion. Therefore, the high variability of both groups would be expected to result in category changes. Multiple urine collections are needed to detect the early diabetic nephropathy for the hospitalized diabetics.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Effect of dimethylthiourea on syngeneic rodent islet transplantation.

We studied the effects of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, dimethylthiourea (DMTU), on syngeneic islet grafts. Six hundred fresh islets taken from two Wistar rats were transplanted intraportally into other Wistar rats made diabetic with streptozotocin. DMTU was given to five recipients intraperitoneally for a month while nine controls received only intraperitoneal saline. The DMTU-treated group had significantly lower fasting plasma glucose levels at 1.5, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6, 7, 9 and 11 weeks and had higher mean fasting body weights between the 2.5th week and their eventual sacrifice. Their islets also survived significantly longer than did those of the controls (73.6 +/- 3.4 vs. 21.6 +/- 9.4 days). This suggests that oxygen free radical production endangers graft survival and that the hydroxyl radical scavenger DMTU protects syngeneic islet grafts.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of autonomic regulation of heart rate variability by the method of complex demodulation.

Complex demodulation was used to examine the effect of both divisions of the autonomic nervous system (sympathetic and parasympathetic) on heart rate. Data were analyzed from dogs during classical conditioning procedures which caused different changes in the autonomic regulation of heart rate. Two significant peaks in the heart rate variability spectrum were examined by this technique. The amplitude of the peak at the respiration frequency showed parasympathetic changes, while the amplitude of the low frequency peak (0-0.124 Hz) showed both sympathetic and parasympathetic effects. Complex demodulation results at these frequencies clearly showed the activities of both branches of the autonomic nervous system in regulating heart rate. During the CS+ period, when trained dogs were presented with a tone predicting a subsequent shock, the observed tachycardia was due to decreased parasympathetic activity and a transient increase in sympathetic activity. During the CS- period where a different tone predicts no shock, parasympathetic and sympathetic activities were unchanged from the baseline condition. The use of complex demodulation enables us to examine autonomic contributions to heart rate regulation in conditioning and a variety of other physiological and environmental conditions where autonomic input can be expected to change rapidly.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Alterations in thyroid function tests in major depression.

Most clinically euthyroid patients with acute or chronic nonthyroid illness have abnormal thyroid function which is called the euthyroid sick syndrome. To assess the euthyroid sick syndrome in depression, we examined levels of total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), T3 uptake (T3U) by radio-immunoassay and thyrotropin (TSH) by immunoradiometric assay in a group of 46 patients with major depression (diagnosed according to DSM-III), 44 normal control subjects and 39 schizophrenics. As compared with the normal controls and schizophrenics, depressed patients showed the following significant differences: a reduction of the mean TT3 level by 26% (89.6 +/- 26.9 ng/dl versus 121 +/- 21.4 ng/dl, p less than 0.05), an increase in the mean T3U level by 6% (35.4 +/- 4.1 versus 33.1 +/- 3.0%, p less than 0.05), and a rise in the mean FT4I level by 15% (2.96 +/- 0.59 versus 2.50 +/- 0.40, p less than 0.05). However, both the mean TSH and TT4 levels in depressed patients were not significantly different from those in normal subjects and schizophrenics, though there was a trend toward high mean TT4 levels in depressed patients. Among the 46 depressed patients who had normal basal TSH levels, 7(15%), 3(6%) and 11 (23%) had the low T3 syndrome, low T3 plus low T4 syndrome and high T4 syndrome, respectively. The clinical implication of the low T3 or/and T4 low syndrome was discussed. All the abnormal thyroid indices in the 21 depressed patients were normalized after recovery of depression. These findings suggest that the euthyroid sick syndrome in depression might be a state-dependent phenomenon.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Cryptosporidiosis associated with bacterial enteritis in a goat kid.

A 7-day-old male Nubian-Alpine crossbred goat was examined because of listlessness, anorexia, and diarrhea. The presumptive diagnosis was severe enteritis. Large numbers of Clostridium perfringens and a non-pathogenic heavily encapsulated Escherichia coli were isolated from the feces. Cryptosporidium parvum was identified on the qualitative fecal examination. The kid improved after treatment with fluids and antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol-induced enteropathy in rats: chemically or bacterially mediated effects.

The lethal effects of the fluorinated ether anesthetic, fluroxene, in rats are a consequence of its metabolism, which is catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 to the toxic metabolite 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). The anesthetic or TFE (0.21 g/kg) caused decreased white blood cell counts, necrosis of bone marrow and lymphocytes, and decreased small intestine dry weight and was associated with septicemia. To elucidate the mechanism of TFE toxicity in rats we undertook histopathologic, ultrastructural and bacteriologic studies. TFE produced severe edema of intestinal lamina propria and submucosae, dilatation of crypts, loss of surface epithelium, vacuolation and necrosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the edematous lamina propria. Intestinal epithelial villi lost their cellular tissue integrity. Coccobacillary organisms were numerous in the ulcerated intestine. Hemolytic E. coli were isolated from intestinal tissue at a two-log increase in concentration relative to controls. Hemograms from TFE-treated rats exhibited marked leukopenia and morphologic differences. The platelets lost their discoid shape, extended pseudopods, and centralizing granules. Hemoglobin precipitation as Heinz bodies and crystalloid structures was observed in TFE-treated rats. Together the data suggest that TFE-induced enteropathy was most probably due to E. coli precipitated from TFE-mediated alterations in the population of small intestinal microbes. The antibiotics erythromycin, active against gram-positive bacteria, and streptomycin, active against gram-negative bacteria, and the antiendotoxin, polymyxin B, were administered to rats prior to TFE in an effort to differentiate between these mechanisms by altering the intestinal bacteria populations. The results indicate that the TFE-induced small intestinal lesions are initiated by the direct focal necrotic effect of TFE or its metabolites on the small intestinal epithelium. The focal coagulation necrosis produced by TFE predisposes the animals to lethal enteritis and systemic bacteremia.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Successful management of malignant edema caused by Clostridium septicum in a horse.

The clinical course and successful therapeutic management of a horse with malignant edema caused by Clostridium septicum is described. This is believed to be the first report of a horse surviving malignant edema caused by C. septicum. A discussion of this disease syndrome, including etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, therapy, and diagnostic methods is presented.

Animals↗