Specific exemplar retention and prototype abstraction in young and old adults.
The effects of age differences in retention of information about specific concept members on the ability to abstract central tendency information were examined. Young and older adults were presented with a series of visual patterns that were organized around a prototype. They were then presented with these same patterns plus a set of new patterns varying in prototype similarity in a recognition test. It was found that young adults retained more information about specific acquisition set exemplars, which resulted in slightly different recognition responses for new patterns. However, the recognition behavior of both young and older adults appeared to be governed by the same rules. It is suggested that the organization of conceptual information does not change with age, but the poorer retention of specific item information in older adults may result in a less complete representation.