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Biomedical subjects

S Jacques

Publications and source records attributed to S Jacques.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Computerized three-dimensional stereotaxic removal of small central nervous system lesions in patients.

The authors describe the results of their recently reported computer-based stereotaxic surgical technique for the indentification, enhancement, three-dimensional reconstruction, localization, and removal of small central nervous system lesions. This technique has been applied to patients with various types of central nervous system pathology, and representative cases are reported.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

A microstereotactic approach to small CNS lesions. Part I. Development of CT localization and 3-D reconstruction techniques.

The authors describe a newly designed and utilized stereotactic methodology for the removal of central nervous system lesions as small as a few millimeters in diameter. These small lesions are detected and localized by non-invasive computerized axial tomography (GE 8800 scanner) with additional computer processing of the digital data by means of a PDP-1145 computer. Multiple computer algorithms have been developed to enhance regions of interest on CT scans by three-dimensional reconstruction and magnification techniques. This same data can then be used to calculate a stereotactic approach to a small CNS lesion. The stereotactic approach coordinates are then mated to a head fixation system modified from the Reichert-Mundinger stereotactic apparatus enabling information transfer from CT scan to the stereotactic surgical system. These small CNS lesions, as small as 5 mm, can be removed with the apparatus described herein under direct binocular 3-D vision with minimal tissue damage, through a small trephine craniotomy or burr hole. Newly designed instruments and instruments in the process of being developed are mounted on a micromanipulator attached to the Riecher-Mundinger frame for guidance at surgery. These new instruments include stereoendoscopes with xenon arc illumination, multiple tissue expanders for exposing the operative site, a radiation tracer probe, a rotary-sucker extractor, and multiple other small instruments for operating and removal of blood and tissue from small CNS lesions. The stereotactic frame accurately defines all areas of the cranium in three-dimensional coordinates, and its combination with the micromanipulator-instrument assembly enables the site of any small CNS lesion, the three-dimensional coordinates of which have been located by additional computer processing of the CT digital data, to be accurately approached by the stereotactic guide micromanipulator assembly. The instrument described herein allows removal of very small tumor burdens, and opens the possibility for successful secondary application of adjuvant immunotherapy to a CNS tumor site as described in part II of this paper.

Brain↗
PubMed1980

A microstereotactic approach to small CNS lesions. Part II; Adjuvant therapy. Clinical potential and toxicity of intraventricular lymph infusion.

A technique is described for adjuvant therapy of small central nervous system tumors after their removal. The feasibility of direct application of lymphocytes from the thoracic duct to the ventricular system of cats has been explored. Reduction of the antigenic mass by techniques described in part I of this paper is probably crucial. Patients with gliomas are known to have circulating tumor-specific lymphocytes which may not have direct access to the CNS. This study demonstrated no toxicity from the chronic intraventricular infusion of thoracic duct lymph in cats.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Development of a new implantable bio-telestimulator.

The authors describe preliminarily an implantable bio-stimulating device for stimulation of peripheral nerves and the central nervous system. The receiving unit is totally implantable. The system works on radiofrequency transcutaneous coupling across the skin. This new telestimulating device has a wider band width and more flexibility than units currently being used in neurosurgery. The unit is independent of coupling efficiency and is designed to accept any symmetrical or nonsymmetrical waveform within limits listed in this presentation. The unit is designed so as to provide this waveform as a constant current signal at the output of the receiver.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Benign intracranial hypertension in pregnancy.

Benign intracranial hypertension, an unusual case of headaches, was associated with pregnancy in a gravid female with the chief complaint of headache. Symptoms resolved after three days of prednisone therapy. In benign intracranial hypertension, the possibilities of intracranial mass lesions, intracranial infection, obstruction of the cerebral ventricles, and hypertensive encephalopathy are excluded by evaluation with skull films, computerized axial tomography, electroencephalography and lumbar puncture. The only symptom may be headache and the only physical sign, papilledema. Therefore, neurological examination must include visualization of the fundi.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Brain stimulation and reward: "pleasure centers" after twenty-five years.

"Self-stimulation" is a phenomenon whereby an animal (including a human being) will repeatedly stimulate its brain electrically, sometimes to the point of exhaustion. This phenomenon is robust and readily reproducible in many areas of the brain, particularly in nuclei and fiber tracts known to be monoaminergic, and it has been the basis for the study of reinforcement and learning mechanisms in the brain. The last 25 years of work on intracranial self-stimulation is reviewed with an emphasis on mechanisms, primarily catecholaminergic. Implications for learning and pain mechanisms are discussed.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of electrode array material for neural prostheses.

Matrix support materials for brain surface electrodes used in neuroprosthetic applications were evaluated after chronic subdural implantation over the parietal cortex of the cat. Four types of array fabricated with Silastic, Dacron mesh, or platinum wire annuli were implanted for periods ranging from 5 weeks to 1 year. We evaluated the arrays by access resistance measurements and gross and histological observations of the tissue beneath both nonstimulated and stimulated electrodes. A porous type matrix constructed of Dacron mesh proved to be the superior design because of its minimal compression of the cortical surface, facility of handling during implantation and autopsy, and satisfactory electrical characteristics provided by a good electrode-brain interface. (Neurosurgery, 5: 681--686, 1979).

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Microsurgical cannulation of the thoracic duct in cats. Technical note.

The authors describe a new technique for the microsurgical cannulation of the thoracic duct. A small silastic tube is utilized which can be joined to a subcutaneously implanted one-way flow, CSF, Ommaya-type reservoir. Extended drainage is avoided. No deletion or alteration of major venous channels occurs. Lymph collection is accomplished by tapping the subcutaneous reservoir with a small-bore needle.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Improved cognition after external carotid endarterectomy.

Recent clinical results support the conclusion that internal carotid endarterectomy not only serves as a prophylactic measure against catastrophic stroke, but may improve cognitive functioning as well. Improvement in cognitive testing after internal carotid endarterectomy has been amply substantiated in recent literature. 3, 4, 5, 8, This report illustrates that improvement in cerebral blood flow by any means is equally effective in improving cerebral function.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Primary osteogenic sarcoma of the brain. Case report.

The authors report a case of primary osteogenic sarcoma of the brain. Negative autopsy findings, complete bone radiographs, and bone-scanning techniques were consistent with a primary tumor focus in the right temporopietal region of the brain. The authors suggest an origin from a primitive multipotential mesenchymal cell.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1976

Microvascular bipolar coagulator. Technical note.

A bipolar coagulator fabricated from jeweler's forceps of various sizes is described. The unit has proved very useful in microvascular neurosurgical procedures that require high magnification.

Electrocoagulation↗
PubMed1976

Alternating Bell's palsy associated with diabetes mellitus. A report of four cases.

Four diabetic patients are presented with alternating facial palsy. The term alternating is meant to imply facial nerve paralysis, the onset of which occurs at different points in time on both sides of the face. Clinical findings are presented and a short review of the literature is summarized. The authors conclude that alternating facial palsy is often associated with diabetes mellitus. Alternating facial palsy is an infrequent finding. This is in marked contrast to the unilateral form. Approximately every 13 minutes someone in the United States incurs idiopathic facial paralysis or Bell's palsy (20 persons per 100,000 per year). It is apparent that the majority of unilateral facial palsies fall into the idiopathic category. The alternating form of facial paralysis, however, appears to be an unusual finding in a symptom complex of several diseases which will be discussed. It is the diagnostic significance of this alternating facial paralysis and its occasional association with diabetes mellitus that prompts this report.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1976

Reversal of aphasia with superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery anastomosis.

Two patients with aphasia which markedly regressed following superficial temporal to middle cerebral artery anastomoses are reported. Added to the armamentarium of stroke therapy for the amelioration of focal ischemic disease, modern microvascular techniques allow the establishment of collaterals to recipient vessels of less than 1 mm in diameter. A neurological deficit which is supposed to be permanent is usually considered a contraindication to these procedures. This report details two cases in which aphasia and motor weakness markedly improved following a superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery anastomosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Osteopetrosis associated with familial paraplegia: report of a family.

A clinical analysis of three members of a family with documented osteopetrosis and familial paraplegia is presented. All patients had a long history of increased bone density and slowly progressing paraparesis of both legs. A thorough review of the literature has revealed no other cases which presented with paraplegia without spinal cord compression. Although the etiologic factor or factors remain unknown, our review supports the contention that this is a distinct clinical entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. A case report with known cerebral involvement and cardiac catheterization data.

Numerous bleeding episodes, neurological signs and symptoms, and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are well documented in reports of families with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. It is always assumed that these are due to the arteriovenous malformations. We are here reporting a case with positive cerebral angiographic findings of large arteriovenous communications, as well as catheterization data revealing pulmonary abnormalities secondary to the cerebral arteriovenous fistula, but no abnormalities within the pulmonary vasculature itself.

Arteriovenous Fistula↗