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Biomedical subjects

S Jennings

Publications and source records attributed to S Jennings.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Mortality in influenza epidemics in Switzerland 1969-1985].

In Switzerland from 1969-1985, 9 out of 11 influenza epidemics were associated with a statistically significant increase in mortality. A total of 12,202 excess deaths from all causes was identified. Expected deaths were forecast for each epidemic period separately for 4 age groups using Fourier and Arima modeling. 75.7% of all-cause excess deaths occurred in age group 70 to 89 and 5.1% in age group 1-59. In the 70-89 years old group the excess mortality risk during influenza epidemics was 271.6 per 100,000, whereas in age group 1-59 it was only 1.7 per 100,000. Only 40% of all excess deaths had been ascribed to acute respiratory conditions. Influenza viruses A H3N2 were the most frequently identified agents. In some instances mortality increased before the morbidity reports of the Swiss practitioners indicated the occurrence of an epidemic. Also, morbidity reporting decreased over successive years. A decrease in mortality following the epidemics was not observed. A more complete vaccination of high risk patients in Switzerland is desirable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Student perceptions of the links between nursing and the liberal arts.

This article examines the extent to which nursing students are aware of the importance of liberal arts in their professional education. Based on a survey of nursing students and alumnae from a small, New York state college, the project further explored the channels through which they became aware of the significant links between these two aspects of their education. One finding is that nursing students give a relatively high weight to the importance of the liberal arts in their total learning process. The more important conclusion is that students, on the whole, believe that they have made the links between liberal arts and nursing themselves. To the extent that other agents help forge these links, the most important seem to be nursing labs and clinicals, other nursing students, and nursing texts and modules. Students perceive that nursing faculty help draw links more often than liberal arts faculty, but neither rank very high.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Community notification of child sexual abuse.

There has been a heightened awareness of sexual abuse of children in Ireland in the past four years. One-hundred and forty seven cases of alleged sexual abuse notified to the Director of Community Care in 1986-1987 were reviewed retrospectively from the medical and social work notes. In 81 (55%) cases, sexual abuse was either confirmed or strongly suspected and these were analysed further. Victims were twice as likely to come from an urban as from a rural background. Girls were more likely to be abused at all ages, and this was particularly marked in the teenage years. Abusers were either intra-familial or known to the family in most cases. A surprising number were under 16 years of age. The study highlights the time commitment needed to manage this problem in the community and the need to develop services directed towards the young perpetrator. It also raises concern at the sizable percentage of children who, following investigation, are found not to have been abused.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Enhancement of linear growth and weight gain by cyproheptadine in children with hypopituitarism receiving growth hormone therapy.

Cyproheptadine (Cp), an antihistamine serotonin antagonist drug with appetite-stimulating activity, was given to children with growth hormone (GH) deficiency to test the hypothesis that increased weight gain would enhance the effect of GH on linear growth. Six patients with idiopathic GH deficiency received GH 0.08 U/kg three times per week plus Cp 0.25 to 0.4 mg/kg/day for 4-month periods, alternating with 4-month periods of GH plus placebo, on average for 16 months. Overall, height velocity (HV) increased from 9.1 +/- 2.4 with GH alone to 12.1 +/- 2.1 cm/yr with GH-Cp (P = 0.01) and weight velocity (WV) increased substantially from 1.3 +/- 1.3 to 7.8 +/- 3.6 kg/yr (P = 0.01). For 10 of 11 8-month treatment intervals completed, HV was greater during GH-Cp treatment than during GH alone, and there was a good correlation between HV and WV for each 4-month observation period (r = 0.64, P less than 0.002). These findings should be considered preliminary because of the small number of patients, but suggest that weight gain induced by cyproheptadine results in improved linear growth in patients given GH and that this drug may be useful in optimizing the response to GH therapy.

Body Height↗
PubMed1986

Ill at ease.

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Health Workforce↗
PubMed1986

A multicase family study of rheumatoid arthritis in south west Ireland.

A study of 26 families with multiple cases of RA was conducted in South West Ireland. In 149 relatives examined, 67 cases of RA were identified. An analysis of affected sibling pairs and trios revealed significant linkage between HLA and RA (p less than 0.05). A high frequency of DR4 was observed in probands (80.7 per cent) and affected members (74.6 per cent) compared with controls (18 per cent). An elevated frequency of the haplotypes A2-B44-DR4 (19.2 per cent) and A2-Bw62-DR4 (5.7 per cent) was seen in the affected sample. HLA-Bw62 was at raised frequency in probands (19.2 per cent) compared with controls (9 per cent). The haplotype frequency of A2-B44-DR4 was raised in affected females and A2-Bw62-DR4 in affected males. A low haplotype frequency of A1-B8-DR3 was found in all RA subjects. Disease severity (clinical and radiological criteria) was associated with DR4, but this did not reach statistical significance. A high incidence of extra-articular features of RA was observed, with DR4 occurring in all cases of vasculitis (75 per cent of whom were DR4 homozygous).

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Adolescents' theories about the development of their relationships with parents.

Using a retrospective method, we assessed late adolescents' developmental theories about their affective relationships with their parents. Subjects used drawings and questionnaire ratings to portray their relationships with parents at five points between infancy and the present. From infancy to their current age, adolescents portrayed their relationships in two major ways. They perceived themselves as gaining in responsibility, dominance, independence, and similarity from infancy to the present, whereas they portrayed their parents as experiencing a decline on these dimensions. For variables indicating closeness and love, however, there was a striking discontinuity in these linear trends: Although adolescents perceived linear trends from infancy to adolescence, they depicted their current relationships as involving a great deal more love and closeness. They also portrayed their relationships with mothers and fathers somewhat differently. More responsibility was felt towards the mothers and they were portrayed as especially friendly, but subjects felt more similar to their fathers, whom they perceived as dominant. We interpreted the results as indicating that late adolescents constructed theories of the affective components of their relationships with their parents to serve the needs of separation while maintaining a close affective tie to the parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Women and work: an investigation of the association between health and employment status in middle-aged women.

Considerable controversy has appeared in recent epidemiological literature on the association between unemployment and health. Other recent research suggests that there is an association between women's employment status and their physical and mental health. Although the nature of this association has still to be specified, it is of increasing importance given the dramatic rise in work force participation in the last few decades. This paper analyzes the results of the first large U.S. epidemiological study of the menopause in over two decades, comprising a random sample (n = 8114, response rate = 77%) from the general population of women aged 45-54 in Massachusetts. Women who were employed for pay (69%), full time homemakers (24%) and women who were unemployed themselves (5%) or living with an unemployed spouse (2%) were included in this analysis of data from the cross-sectional phase of the study. Comparisons between a variety of measures and employment status are reported, as are the intervening effects of sociodemographic variables and social support measures. The importance of the 'healthy worker effect', especially for homemakers, is analyzed. Finally, a small subsample of recently unemployed women from the first round of the longitudinal phase of the study is analyzed to demonstrate additional information to be gained through a longitudinal design.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1982

Plasma concentrations of fibrinopeptide A, fibrinogen fragment B beta 1-42 and beta-thromboglobulin following total hip replacement.

Plasma concentrations of thrombin sensitive peptide fibrinopeptide A (FpA), plasmin sensitive fibrinogen fragment B beta 1-42 and the platelet release product beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) have been measured in 36 patients before and after total hip replacement. Statistically significant elevations of all three activation products were observed in the days following operation. There were small differences in plasma concentrations of FpA, B beta 1-42 and beta TG in patients who did (n = 13) and did not (n = 23) develop post operative deep vein thrombosis, as assessed by ascending venography on post operative day 10, but these differences were not statistically significant. It is concluded that coagulation and fibrinolytic systems and also blood platelets are activated following total hip replacement operations. However, the formation of post operative deep vein thrombosis can not be effectively monitored by measurement of the activation products.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Polycycloidal corrected tomography of the temporomandibular joint.

Historically, radiographic evaluation of the temporomandibular joint has been of limited value. A step-by-step technique which is more correct anatomically is suggested. This technique involves polycycloidal corrected tomography of the temporomandibular joint. Radiographic samples are presented, as well as the results of a random sampling of 300 cases. Fifty-seven percent of the cases showed radiographic changes, and the reasons and limitations of these results are interpreted.

Humans↗