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Biomedical subjects

S Jiang

Publications and source records attributed to S Jiang.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Effect of pretreatment counseling on discontinuation rates in Chinese women given depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception.

The study examined the effect of pretreatment counseling upon discontinuation of 150 mg depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera (DMPA)), given for contraception. A total of 421 Chinese women participated, 204 receiving detailed structured pretreatment and ongoing counseling on the hormonal effects and probable side effects of DMPA and 217 receiving only routine counseling. The primary study endpoint was termination rate; secondary endpoints were frequency of medical events and reasons for termination. Study termination rates were significantly lower in the intensive structured counseling group than in the routine counseling group. At one year, the total cumulative termination rates were 11% (23/204) and 42% (92/217), respectively (p < 0.0001). The most common reasons for terminating DMPA were menstrual changes. No pregnancy, serious or unexpected medical events were reported, nor were statistically or clinically significant changes in vital signs observed. We conclude that pretreatment counseling on expected side effects increases the acceptability of DMPA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Saponins from Mussaenda pubescens.

From the hydrophilic fractions of aerial parts of Mussaenda pubescens, three new saponins named mussaendosides D, E and H, along with a known saponin, mussaendoside S, were isolated. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Steroidal glycosides from Tribulus terrestris.

In addition to hecogenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1--> 4)-beta-D-galactopyranoside, two new steroidal saponins were isolated from the aerial parts of Tribulus terrestris L. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, especially 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques, the structures of the new saponins were established as 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-[-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1--> 3)--beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)--beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1--> 4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-5 alpha-furost-20(22)-en-12-one-3 beta,26-diol and 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3-O-[{beta-D-xylopyranosyl (1-->3)--beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)--beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 -->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-5 alpha-furostan-12-one-3 beta,22,26-triol.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1996

P2x purinoceptor is not important in thymocyte apoptosis.

Since the P2X purinoceptor has been shown to be homologous with RP-2, a gene activated in thymocytes undergoing apoptosis after glucocorticoid treatment, we have investigated the possible role of P2X purinoceptors in thymocyte apoptosis. We report that P2X purinoceptor mRNA is expressed both in untreated rat thymocytes and thymocytes treated with the synthetic glucocorticoid, 6 alpha-methylprednisolone, in a dose that can induce apoptosis. Furthermore, the P2X receptor agonist, extracellular ATP, was unable to trigger apoptosis in rat thymocytes and had no effect on methylprednisolone-induced DNA fragmentation. Finally, the P2X purinoceptor antagonist, suramin and pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid, had no inhibitory effects on DNA fragmentation caused by methylprednisolone. Thus, our data demonstrate that P2X purinoceptors are not directly involved in glucocorticoid-mediated thymocyte apoptosis.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1996

Soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) protects against experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis.

The loss of muscle function seen in myasthenia gravis and in the animal model of the disease, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) is in part due to the activation of complement by anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies at the motor end-plate. In this study we describe the effects of a soluble recombinant form of human complement receptor 1 (sCR1) on the development of clinical disease and receptor loss in EAMG induced passively by administration of anti-AChR antibodies. Daily intraperitoneal injection of sCR1 significantly reduced the weight loss and severity of clinical symptoms seen and allowed treated animals to recover normal muscle function. These data suggest that sCR1 could provide a useful additional therapeutic agent in myasthenia.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Bovine beta-lactoglobulin modified by 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride blocks the CD4 cell receptor for HIV.

Sexual transmission is the most frequent (86%) route of adult HIV-1 transmission worldwide. In the absence of a prophylactic anti-HIV vaccine, other methods of preventing infection should be implemented. Virucidal spermicides have been considered for this purpose, but their application is contraindicated by adverse effects. Anti-HIV drugs or virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are expensive, suggesting that their wide use in topical chemoprophylaxis is unlikely. This emphasizes the importance of developing other methods for preventing HIV transmission. The target cells for sexual and mucosal HIV transmission include T lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. Therefore, compounds blocking HIV-CD4 binding are expected to inhibit virus transmission. In exploring the possibility that chemical modification of food proteins might lead to compounds with anti-HIV-1 activity, we found that bovine beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) modified by 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride (3HP-beta-LG) (1) blocked at nanomolar concentrations the binding to CD4 of human (HIV) and simian (SIV) immunodeficiency virus surface glycoproteins and monoclonal antibodies specific for the HIV binding site on CD4 and (2) inhibited infection by HIV-1, including primary virus isolates, by HIV-2 and by SIV. The inexpensive and widely available source (whey) for production of 3HP-beta-LG suggests its potential application (nonparenteral) for diminishing the frequency of HIV transmission.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1996

Transfer of human adenine deaminase gene into murine hematopoietic stem cells: sequential study of spleen colony-forming units from bone marrow of living mice and the requirement of the microenvironment.

Irradiated female mice were reconstituted with male hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) retrovirally marked with human adenine deaminase (hADA) complimentary DNA. HSCs were incubated with interleukin-6 and stem cell factor before coculture with GP+E86-producing cells. Bone marrow HSCs were infused intravenously to irradiated mice and spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) were evaluated for hADA marked clones by Southern blot analysis. 45 of 54 CFU-S were marked by the hADA gene sequence with multiple copies integrated per genome. Oligoclonal hematopoiesis evolved over time with 1-2 clones demonstrated 5-11 months after reconstitution. Comparable results were obtained with embryonic fetal liver HSCs. Incubation of bone marrow HSCs with adherent stromal cells rather than growth factors produced less efficient gene transfer, and polyclonal hematopoiesis was not observed. Donor origin was established by the Y chromosome probe. These results support the clonal succession model of hematopoiesis.

Aminohydrolases↗
PubMed1996

Genetic expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human atrial myocardium.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human cardiac tissues. DESIGN: We attempted to determine the genetic expression and localization of eNOS in normal human atrial tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In normal human right atrial tissues from five donors during cardiac transplantation, eNOS expression and localization were assessed by using Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization demonstrated that eNOS messenger RNA is present in cardiomyocytes. Positive immunohistochemical staining was observed in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: These studies show for the first time the genetic expression and distribution of eNOS in human atrial myocardium and suggest that the eNOS mediated paracrine and autocrine pathway may participate in the control of myocardial function in humans.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Suppression of haematopoiesis by sera from patients with aplastic anemia.

To describe the suppressive effect of sera from patients with aplastic anemia (AA) on heamatopoietic progenitor cells and explore further the features of serum inhibitor, we first examined the inhibiting activity of the serum on the colony formation of burst-forming units of erythrocyte (BFU-E) and colony-forming units of granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM). The potent inhibiting activity was demonstrated in six of 20 patients. Five of the six patients were severe AA (SAA). The suppressive effect did not change after elimination of monocyles and lymphocytes from target MNC. The haematopoietic inhibitory activity of sera from three of the six patients was almost totally neutralized by the MoAb against gamma-IFN. All these three patients were SAA. These data suggest that inhibitor of haematopoietic progenitor cells is present in most of SAA patients. In some patients, the inhibitor was gamma-IFN, which play an important role in the pathogenesis of SAA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

An observation on otoacoustic emission and ultrastructure of cochlea in experimental autoimmune inner ear disease.

OBJECTIVE: To acquire the detailed knowledge of immune lesion of inner ear. METHODS: A simultaneous study on physiology and ultrastructure was carried out in guinea pigs immunized with homogenous inner ear antigen. The specific antibody was analysed by a modified immunotransfer electrophoresis method. RESULTS: Three positive bands (with molecular weights of 68.0 kD, 62.7 kD and 60.1 kD) were found in all the sera of immunized animals but not in the control animals. Threshold shift of auditory brainstem response over 10dB HL was found in 42% of secondary system immunized animals and 32% of secondary endolymphatic sac (e.sac) immunized animals. Amplitude of distortion production otoacoustic emission dropped obviously in the above two groups. Transmission electron microscope showed the mitochondria of outer hair cells in the cochlea was impaired in animals with auditory disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The research suggests that the immune reaction against homogenous inner ear antigen results in dysfunction of hydroxycorticosteroid during the early stage.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Influence factors in etiology of epithelial ovarian cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of genetic and psychosomatic factors in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 9 hospitals of Shandong province. 127 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer and 254 cases of non-malignant ovarian tumors were admitted for treatment during the same period of time. Data for single predictors and multivariants collected from hospital records were subjected to non-condition multivariate logistic analysis, in order to sort the protective factors and the high risk factors in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer. RESULTS: Adverse events in life, blood type A, mental depression or anger, family history of ovarian cancer and irregularity of bowel movements are the high risk factors. An open and cheerful disposition or optimism, hysterectomy with preservation of one or both ovaries and intrauterine device were shown to be the protective factors for the ovaries. CONCLUSION: Genetic and psychosomatic factors play an important role in the course of development of epithelial ovarian cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Alterations of level of total genomic DNA methylation and pattern of c-myc, c-Ha-ras oncogene methylation in human gastric carcinogenesis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the status of DNA methylation in gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS: We analysed methylation pattern of c-myc, c-Ha-ras oncogenes by southern blot hybridization. DNA from cancerous, paracancerous and non-cancerous area of surgically resected samples in 21 cases of advanced gastric cancer were digested with MspI/HpaII and hybridized with the two genomic 32P labelled probes. In addition, the level of total genomic DNA methylation was measured by incubating DNA with 3H-S-Adenosylmethionine (3H-SAM) in the presence of a methylase which methylates all the cytosine residues that are in the double CpG (cytosine-guanine). RESULTS: The results indicated that both c-myc and c-Ha-ras oncogene fragments containing CCGG sequence were hypomethylated in DNA samples from cancerous (10/21 and 5/10) and paracancerous (13/21 and 4/10) areas. Moreover, the level of total genomic DNA methylation in cancerous tissue was significantly lower than that in non-cancerous and paracancerous mucosa tissues (P < 0.05). The results from two methods are incompletely alike. CONCLUSION: These results supported a strong correlation between DNA hypomethylation and gastric carcinogenesis, particularly methylated pattern of c-myc and c-Ha-ras oncogenes fragments containing CCGG sequence was abnormal in gastric mucosa tissue from gastric cancerous and paracancerous areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Electrical response recording of cochlear hair cells in vivo].

Intracellular recordings were made on cells of Corti organ from low-frequency region (third turn) of guinea pig cochlea, the recording sites being confirmed by HRP injection and subsequent histology. Response characteristies of the hair cells were studied. The Inner hair cells (IHCs) possessed relatively low resting membrane potentials in contrast to higher ones of OHCs. The receptor potentials from both cell types, in response to tone bursts, consisted of a combination of AC and DC components. For the low-frequency region, the receptor potentials were dominated by AC component. The causes of recording failure were discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Serodiagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections by detection of immunoglobulin G antibodies with an immunoblot technique].

Serological testing has recently been proposed as an aid in diagnosis of H. pylori infections. In this study, an immunoblot method has been evaluated to diagnose H. pylori infection serologically by comparing 104 serum specimens from patients with a positive Gram stain and/or culture result and a positive urease test on biopsy material, as well as 30 serum specimens from patients with negative urease test, and negative microscopy and culture results. Thirteen bands could be identified by immunoblotting and were found significantly more frequent in patients with H. pylori infections than in patients without such infections. A semiquantitative grading system was introduced with score 1 for each reactive band and score 1/2 for a weakly reactive band. If score 2 was the cut-off value for IgG antibody, then the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the immunoblot test were 100.0%, 90.0%, 97.2% and 100.0% respectively. There was no marked cross reaction with both Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Dysfunction of medial olivocochlear system and its audiological test].

The function of medial olivocochlear system (MOC) in patients with three kinds of auditory diseases was tested in order to investigate the relationship between MOC and retrocochlear impairment. Suppressive effect of evoked otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) by contralateral white noise was used as the indicator to evaluate the function of MOC in patients with: (1) sensorineural deafness with definite otoacoustic emissions, (2) hyperacusis and (3) tinnitus. Dysfunction of MOC was found in nine cases out of sixteen patients with sensorineural deafness and six cases out of fifteen patients with tinnitus. Two cases of hyperacusis also showed MOC dysfunction. It was concluded that MOC dysfunction may exist in some patients with sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus, and in patients with hyperacusis as well. It seemed likely that dysfunction of MOC may played a role in causing tinnitus and hyperacusis in these patients. Testing the function of MOC may provide a helpful way for differential diagnosis of cochlear and retrocochlear impairment in auditory system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[The clinical observations on 110 cases of adhesive otitis media].

The treatment of the adhesive otitis media (AOM) remains a challenge to the otologists. This paper analysed 110 cases of AOM (120 ears) collected during 25 years from 1967 to 1992. The clinical observation found that the lesions of AOM affected all parts of the middle ear, even the round and oval windows. There were various degrees of tympanic fibrous adhesions and atelectatic tympanum in these cases. After the tympanic adhesions were surgically separated and the lesions were removed, the silastic film or a slice of the homologous cartilages were put into the tympanum to prevent a new adhesion. It was showed that the silastic film was frequently enveloped in a capsule formed by the fibrous collagenous tissue and other extensive adhesions were existed around the capsule. But the cartilage slice caused the slighter pathological reactions. However, their hearing did not recovery to an available level. Therefore the further studies for the treatment of AOM are necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 11 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, treatment methods and prognosis of extraovarian peritoneal serous papillary carcinoma (EPSPC). METHOD: Eleven cases histologically confirmed as EPSPC and treated in our hospital from Jan. 1989 to May, 1994 were retrospectively analysed. RESULT: All patients with EPSPC were given cytoreductive surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy of PAC (carboplatin, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide) regimen. The interval between chemotherapeutic treatments was one month, and the whole course of chemotherapy lasted at least 2-3 years. All patients except 3 were followed up, and the mean survival time reached 17.1 months. CONCLUSION: Due attention should be paid to differential diagnosis of EPSPC. The prognosis may be improved by cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy of the PAC regimen.

Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary↗