[Postnatal care of hydronephrosis after prenatal diagnosis].
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Female↗
Biomedical subjects
S Josephson
Publications and source records attributed to S Josephson.
Body dysmorphic disorder. Diagnostic issues and related disorders.
This article reviews diagnostic issues about body dysmorphic disorder and discusses its relationship to other disorders. Diagnostic and symptomatic overlap with obsessive-compulsive disorder is explored; associated features, course of illness, presumed etiology, and treatment outcome are compared; and similarities and differences are reviewed. Other illnesses with similar features, such as anorexia nervosa, social phobia, and the disorders associated with cosmetic surgery are mentioned. These findings are discussed in light of the development of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria.
Adolescent↗
Partial ureteric obstruction in weanling rats. II. Long-term effects on renal function and arterial blood pressure.
A partial obstruction of the left ureter was created in weanling (3-week-old) rats. Renal function was studied after 7-9 weeks and compared to that in age-matched controls. Arterial blood pressure was found substantially increased. During normal hydration, the hydronephrotic kidney had low excretions of urine, potassium, osmoles and, especially, sodium. The contralateral, intact side showed no compensatory traits. On volume expansion, the hydronephrotic kidney demonstrated an unimpaired reacting capacity, leading to normalization of urine, sodium and osmole excretions and even to supernormal renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and potassium excretion. On the intact side, the excretion of potassium was increased like that on the hydronephrotic one, while excretions of urine, sodium and osmoles were increased even more. The fact that the intact kidney handled most of the urine excretion was interpreted as the result of a mechanism protecting the obstructed kidney from additional pressure insults while homeostasis was maintained. The arterial hypertension may result from the combination of retention of fluid and sodium by the hydronephrotic kidney and the absence of compensation by the intact kidney during normal hydration--like that in everyday life. The functional changes during normal hydration were generally more severe than those we found after obstruction in neonatal and adult rats, in which arterial hypertension was never observed. The clinical implication would be that the kidney may be less tolerant to pressure rises during the infant year. Changes due to obstruction are known to occur rapidly, but after that neither progress nor reverse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Age Factors↗
Biologically active and amidated cecropin produced in a baculovirus expression system from a fusion construct containing the antibody-binding part of protein A.
A synthetic antibody-binding part derived from protein A from Staphylococcus aureus was used as a fusion partner in a eukaryotic expression system employing Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis as a vector. This, in conjunction with an efficient signal sequence, facilitated the purification of the antibacterial peptide cecropin A from the medium of Spodoptera frugiperda cells infected with a recombinant virus. In order to increase further the concentrations of fusion protein, Trichoplusia ni larvae were used as host. Cecropin A could be obtained after cleavage of the fusion protein with CNBr. Biological activity as well as the correct structure including the C-terminal amide group was shown using electrophoresis with detection of antibacterial proteins and mass spectroscopy.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic: an open study.
This paper reports results of an open prospective study of 26 patients who met DSM-III criteria for panic disorder or agoraphobia with panic attacks. Cognitive-behavioral treatment alone produced clinically and statistically significant improvement in panic symptoms, including both full-blown and limited symptom episodes. In addition, the treatment produced improvement in associated symptoms of phobic avoidance and generalized anxiety. This work provides further preliminary indication of the usefulness of cognitive-behavioral strategies as an alternative to medication in symptom-oriented treatments.
Adult↗
Partial ureteric obstruction in the pubescent rat. II. Long-term effects on the renal morphology.
Partial obstruction of one ureter was created in pubescent rats (6 weeks of age) and its effects were studied after 1-15 weeks. Within 1 week, a considerable hydronephrosis and a moderate decrease in the number of glomeruli had developed. These changes did not progress with time. The renal parenchymal weight never became affected and the microstructure was only slightly influenced. Thus, the effects of a partial ureteric obstruction on renal morphology seem to be comparatively mild in this age group, and even less prominent than the modest changes previously observed in rats obstructed since the neonatal period. The reasons for this age difference and for the reduction in glomerular number are discussed.
Animals↗
Suspected pyelo-ureteral junction obstruction in the fetus: when to do what? II. Experimental viewpoints.
Nowadays the postnatal management of antenatally detected hydronephrosis is much debated. Some authors claim that these cases ought to be operated very early, since there is rapid renal destruction and full recovery may only be achieved during this period. Others claim the opposite and recommend a nonoperative follow-up, provided that renal function is normal, as it is in the majority of cases. If experimental studies are to be used to settle this question, the created obstructions must correspond to human obstructions. That is, be partial and permanent, produced in fetal or newborn animals, preferably be moderate in degree, the diameter should grow in pace with the growing ureter, and be followed for a long period. Only three experimental series fulfil, to some extent, these requirements. In two of them a severe obstruction was produced, which within 5-8 weeks led to reductions by 80-95% in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and potassium and phosphate excretions, which were in part compensated for and established early. In one study, a moderate obstruction was created which within 9 weeks led to reductions of 10-30% in renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and potassium excretions, which were in part compensated for. The changes appeared very soon but were not progressive. Release of the obstruction had to be performed very early in order to avoid the lesions. The causes of the renal defects and of the absence of progression are discussed. It is concluded that the majority of human pyeloureteral obstructions are best imitated by a moderate type obstruction. The results do not support any rationale for early correction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Vulnerability to sodium lactate in panic disorder patients given cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Six patients with panic disorder who had panicked during sodium lactate infusion were given cognitive-behavioral treatment for 12-24 weeks. After treatment they underwent another lactate infusion, and four patients were rates as having no panic, suggesting that reduced vulnerability to lactate accompanies remission of panic. Controlled trials of cognitive-behavioral therapy and use of lactate infusion as a measure of remission are recommended.
Adolescent↗
Purification and characterization of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) expressed as a secreted fusion protein in Escherichia coli.
Human insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) was produced in an Escherichia coli ompT strain as a 22.5-kDa fusion protein. IGF-II was fused to the carboxy-terminal of a synthetic 15-kDa IgG-binding protein, originating from staphylococcal protein A, via a unique methionine linker. During fermentation, the fusion protein was exported to the growth medium at levels exceeding 900 mg/liter and subsequently affinity purified on IgG Sepharose followed by ion exchange on S Sepharose. After chemical cleavage with CNBr, yielding an authentic IGF-II molecule, the recombinant IGF-II was purified to homogeneity by a two step procedure involving ion-exchange and reverse-phase HPLC. A substantial fraction of the secreted protein was found to be biologically active, eliminating the need for complex refolding procedures. The yield of highly purified and biologically active IGF-II was 5-7 mg/liter of fermenter broth. The IGF-II produced by this method displayed biochemical, immunological, receptor binding, and biological activity properties equal to those of native IGF-II isolated from human serum.
Amino Acids↗
Separation and characterization of modified variants of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor I derived from a fusion protein secreted from Escherichia coli.
Human insulin-like growth factor I, IGF-I, was produced in Escherichia coli fused to a synthetic IgG-binding peptide The fusion protein is secreted into the medium during fermentation and was initially purified on an IgG-Sepharose column. After hydroxylamine cleavage, IGF-I was purified to homogeneity. During purification, impurities in the form of modified variants of IGF-I were detected and characterized. The closely related impurities were identified to be a misfolded form of IGF-I, having mismatched disulphide bonds, a form with the single methionine residue in IGF-I oxidized to methionine sulphoxide and a variant in which the methionine residue was substituted by a norleucine residue during protein synthesis. A form proteolytically cleaved between two arginine residue was also detected. These impurities were separated from the major component, native IGF-I, by using reverse-phase h.p.l.c. The modified molecules as well as native IGF-I were characterized both as intact molecules and as fragments, after pepsin digestion, using the techniques of plasma desorption m.s., N-terminal sequencing and amino acid analysis. The oxidized form was 90%, and the norleucine analogue was 70%, as potent as native IGF-I in a biological radioreceptor assay, and the form having mismatched disulphides lacked receptor affinity.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Expression and characterization of a recombinant human parathyroid hormone secreted by Escherichia coli employing the staphylococcal protein A promoter and signal sequence.
Human parathyroid hormone (hPTH) is a peptide hormone consisting of 84 amino acids (hPTH(1-84)). Employing the promoter and signal sequence of Staphylococcus aureus-protein A we have expressed hPTH in Escherichia coli. The expressed proteins are excreted to the growth medium, allowing for rapid and easy purification of the desired products. By amino acid sequence analysis and mass spectrometry, we have shown that the major excreted product is correctly processed human identical hPTH(1-84). The purified recombinant hPTH(1-84) stimulates adenylate cyclase activity in rat osteosarcoma cell membranes to exactly the same extent as synthetic parathyroid hormone standards, indicating that the recombinant product has full biological activity.
Adenylyl Cyclases↗
Enhanced immunogenicity of recombinant peptide fusions containing multiple copies of a heterologous T helper epitope.
We have examined the immune response against the nonimmunogenic heat-stable enterotoxin (STa) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli using recombinant fusion proteins containing the STa-peptide linked to an IgG-binding analogue of protein A and varying numbers of the T helper epitope 323-339 from ovalbumin (ova). By immunization of inbred strains of mice with a series of STa fusion proteins, containing up to four copies of ova tandemly multiplied, we demonstrated that the anti-STa antibody response is controlled by ova-specific T helper cells in a genetically restricted manner. In the responding mouse strains (2 out of 3 tested), the level of antibody production was increased by addition of multiple ova epitopes, the anti-STa response being considerably higher to fusion proteins containing four than one or two ova epitopes.
Animals↗
Differential stability of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor II in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.
Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), produced as a soluble extracellular fusion protein, was shown to be proteolytically degraded in Escherichia coli. In contrast, the fusion protein secreted from Staphylococcus aureus was stable and the full length product could be recovered by affinity chromatography. After site specific cleavage of the fusion protein, soluble IGF-II with biological activity was obtained without refolding procedures. These results demonstrate that a eukaryotic protein unstable in E. coli can be stabilized by expression in a Gram positive host. The full-length fusion protein from S. aureus was used to characterize the protease responsible for the degradation in E. coli. Biochemical and genetic analysis suggests a specific degradation by the outer membrane protease (OmpT).
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Suspected pyelo-ureteral junction obstruction in the fetus: when to do what? I. A clinical update.
In fetal hydronephrosis, pyeloplasty is still recommended shortly after birth. Otherwise, according to older studies, the kidneys are said to deteriorate, and the chances for recovery diminish. Modern diagnostic tools, estimating renal function and the degree of obstruction, have shown that this is not always true; to what extent, however, is uncertain. The present survey of pelvic dilatation discloses that a surprisingly large number of patients are free of other symptoms and signs, independent of their age. Significative obstruction was found in only half of the hydronephroses. Renal-function reduction, usually moderate and probably compensated for, was observed in only one third. Progressive deterioration was either absent or slow and mild. Improvement on release occurred in half of the function-reduced kidneys. Antenatally detected cases exhibited the same pattern; furthermore, urinary tract infections occurred only exceptionally and usually mildly, even in those patients who were not operated. Infants showed a tendency to spontaneous resolution of the hydronephroses. Therefore, the correction in the neonate has no scientific support. A renal-function defect or significant obstruction must first be verified before an operation should be performed (within 3-6 months). Otherwise, the intervention may be postponed for years or, perhaps, needs never to be performed.
Adult↗
Experimental obstructive hydronephrosis in newborn rats. XI. A one-year follow-up study of renal function and morphology.
Partial obstruction of the left ureter was created in two-day-old rats and its effects on kidney function were studied with 99mTc-DMSA and 99mTc-DTPA after one, two, three and six weeks, and after one year. Kidneys from animals sacrificed at the age of six weeks or one year were also examined histologically. The obstructed renal pelvis was enlarged by about 35 times and there was a delayed excretion of 99mTc-DTPA during forced diuresis, indicating significant, chronic obstruction. The renal DMSA-uptake ratio (left kidney/(left and right kidney] was reduced to about 40% from the first week of obstruction. The parenchymal weight ratio (expressed as above) was reduced to about 45% after both six weeks and one year. The glomerular filtration rate, examined during forced diuresis and calculated on the basis of uptake capacity, was lowered to 42% after six weeks but was not significantly reduced after one year of obstruction. The incidence figures for medullary hemorrhage or accumulation of iron pigment, and chronic inflammatory changes in the cortex were somewhat higher after one year of obstruction than after 6 weeks, but the lesions were patchy in both groups. We conclude that partial unilateral ureteric obstruction, created in the neonatal period, leads to a slight but permanent functional disturbance and parenchymal weight reduction without prominent structural parenchymal damage.
Animals↗
Effects of experimental obstructive hydronephrosis on the immature nephrons in newborn rats.
Partial obstruction of the left ureter was created in rats less than 36 h of age and its effects were studied at the age of 2-6 days. A considerable hydronephrosis with distension of the kidney developed within 1 day after obstruction, but there was no parenchymal weight reduction. The thickness of the mature, inner cortical layer was significantly decreased, suggesting a delay in the differentiation of the cortex. The parenchymal weight reduction, previously documented in our laboratory after long-standing ureteric obstruction, may thus be caused by a retardation of renal growth, which is never caught up, rather than by an atrophy of renal parenchyma or other destructive tissue lesions.
Animals↗
Immunoglobulin synthesis in the human myeloma cell line U-266; expression of two immunoglobulin heavy chain isotypes (epsilon and alpha) after long-term cultivation in vitro.
A human IgE-producing myeloma has been cultivated in vitro as a continuous cell line (U-266) since 1968. Analysis of immunoglobulin production during early passages of the cell line demonstrated a high synthesis rate of monoclonal IgE. Analysis of late passages, cultivated after 1980, revealed a 3-6-fold lower rate of IgE secretion. This decrease was accompanied by the appearance of small amounts of IgA in the culture medium together with IgE. RNA was extracted from a late passage of U-266 and analyzed by Northern blotting, using epsilon and alpha-specific oligonucleotides as hybridization probes. The results showed the presence of epsilon as well as alpha-specific mRNA. Moreover the results demonstrated that the latter mRNA was derived from the alpha 2 locus and that the epsilon and the alpha 2-specific mRNA contained the same V region sequences. Southern blot analysis of DNA from the late passage of the U-266 cell line failed to reveal a recombinatory switch from the epsilon locus to the alpha 2 locus. The expression of alpha 2 is thus likely to be caused by differential splicing rather than by an isotype switch at the DNA level.
Cell Line↗
Gardnerella vaginalis in the urinary tract: incidence and significance in a hospital population.
The significance of Gardnerella vaginalis in urine was studied by comparing urine culture results, urinalysis data, and clinical findings. Over a two-year period, G vaginalis was reported in 2.3% of all urine cultures. Of 72 patients with pure cultures (greater than 10(4) cfu/mL), 43 patients (59.7%) were found to have G vaginalis urinary tract infections. Furthermore, four of the infected patients had pyelonephritis. Symptoms associated with G vaginalis urinary tract infections varied, and pyuria was detected in only 58% of the cases. Conditions associated with G vaginalis urinary tract infection included a history of recurrent urinary tract infections and/or instrumentation and upper urinary tract disease.
Adolescent↗