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Biomedical subjects

S Josse

Publications and source records attributed to S Josse.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Total and ultrafiltrable plasma magnesium in hyper- and hypoparathyroidism, and in calcium-related metabolic disorders.

Serum total, ultrafiltrable and protein-bound magnesium, and urinary fractional excretion of magnesium were studied in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (before and after surgery) and in patients with hyperparathyroidism, malignant hypercalcemia and chronic renal failure with or without hemodialysis. Whereas serum total Mg was unchanged in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, the ultrafiltrable magnesium concentration was higher than in the control group and higher before than after surgery. The total and the ultrafiltrable magnesium concentrations were highly correlated in the overall patients with Ca-related metabolic disorders, suggesting that renal function had no influence on the relation between these two parameters. Moreover, in malignant hypercalcemia, our results suggested that PTH-like peptides might be less effective than PTH in renal handling of Mg as previously described for Ca.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Aetiology of nephrotoxic damage to the renal interstitium and tubuli.

The kidney is particularly susceptible to the deleterious effects of drugs, and drug-induced nephropathies are now fairly well understood. All the components of the renal parenchyma can be affected, but we have focused our attention on tubulointerstitial nephropathies. All of the pathophysiological mechanisms are not known, but it is possible to describe two types of renal alteration. The first is due to a direct toxic action by, for example, antibiotics, contrast media, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents, antalgics and analgesics. The second type of alteration appears to be due to immunoallergic reactions to, for instance, penicillin and its derivatives, rifampin, sulphonamides and phenindione. We also underline the risk factors that favour the occurrence of renal complications and the means that can be used to prevent them.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1988

[Apalcillin and renal function].

Apalcilline is a new semi-synthetic penicillin. More than 4,000 patients were treated with this antibiotic but an increase level of serum creatinine was noted in 18 cases. Responsibility of apalcilline in this side effect could be possible in 5 cases, doubtful in 13 cases. We decided to study renal function of normal volunteers treated with 4 gr apalcilline. Three periods were realised: a control period (80 min), a treatment period (60 min), a post-treatment period (40 min). Inulin and PAH infusion lasted during all these three periods. After the control period 2 gr apalcilline was injected as a bolus followed by a 2 gr apalcilline perfusion for one hour. Urinary volume was measured every 20 min. Creatinine, inulin, PAH clearances, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium urinary excretion were calculated for each period. Urinary B2-microglobulin excretion was also appreciated. Analysis of variance was done. We did not observe any variation of creatinine, inulin clearances or variation of urinary electrolytes output PAH clearance was significantly decreased during alpacilline infusion. Apalcilline seems competitive with PAH for proximal tubular secretion. Nevertheless apalcilline did not induce any more renal dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Pharmacokinetics of trometamol-fosfomycin in patients with renal insufficiency].

Trometamol fosfomycin is a new form of fosfomycin used orally. We have studied pharmacokinetics of this antibiotic in 23 uraemic patients with various degrees of renal insufficiency. The control group was 5 young adult males with a creatinine clearance of 127 +/- 20 ml/mn. All subjects received a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg trometamol fosfomycin. Serum and urine concentrations of fosfomycin were assayed by a microbiological method. Cmax, tmax, AUC were significantly higher in uraemic patients than in normal subjects. t 1/2 beta were prolonged in uraemic patients. Thus it is necessary to modify usual dose regimen when creatinine clearance is below 50 ml/mn.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Pharmacokinetics of habekacin in patients with renal insufficiency.

The pharmacokinetics of habekacin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic, were investigated in six healthy subjects and 25 uremic patients (six of whom were on hemodialysis) after administration of a single 3-mg/kg dose. Six healthy subjects received the 3-mg/kg dose both intramuscularly (i.m.) and intravenously (i.v.) (1-h infusion). Uremic patients were given the 3-mg/kg dose as an i.m. injection, except for the hemodialysis patients, who received the dose as a 1-h i.v. infusion. After the i.m. injection, the peak concentrations in serum were higher and the times to peak levels were longer in patients with renal impairment than in healthy subjects. The elimination half-life in serum increased in relation to the degree of renal impairment, from 2 h in normal subjects to 32 h in patients with creatinine clearances of less than 10 ml/min. Renal impairment did not significantly modify the apparent volume of distribution. After the same 3-mg/kg dose as a 1-h i.v. infusion in six hemodialysis patients, the elimination half-life averaged 48 and 5 h off and on a 4- to 5-h hemodialysis session, respectively. The habekacin pharmacokinetic data appeared to be similar to those of the other available aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Pharmacokinetics of habekacin in patients with chronic renal insufficiency].

Pharmacokinetics of habekacin, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic were investigated in six healthy subjects and twenty-five uraemic patients (six of whom were on hemodialysis) after a single 3 mg/kg Im or IV administration. After the IM injection, the peak serum levels were higher and the times to peak levels were longer in patients with renal impairment than in healthy subjects. Elimination serum half-life increased in relation to the degree of renal impairment, from 2 h in normal subjects to 32 h in patients with creatinine clearance below 10 ml/min. Renal impairment did not significantly modify the apparent volume of distribution. After a single 3 mg/kg dose as one hour-IV infusion in six hemodialysis patients, elimination half-life averaged 48 h and 5 h, out of and on a 4 to 5 hour-hemodialysis session, respectively. Habekacin pharmacokinetic parameters appeared to be similar to those of the other available aminoglycoside antibiotics.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1986

[Renal complications of anti-cancer chemotherapy].

This review is not intended as a complete study of the nephrotoxicity of chemotherapy agents used in the treatment of cancer. The number of these drugs that are cytotoxic has considerably increased in the last few years and our information is incomplete for many of them. We therefore reviewed the observations reported in the literature. Cis-platinum, streptozotocin, methotrexate at high doses, mithramycin and mitomycin are highly nephrotoxic. Other drugs, such as nitrosoureas, celiptium are less nephrotoxic while some appear to rarely induce nephrotoxicity. Anticancer drug nephrotoxicity is characterized by its particular insidiousness, its time of occurrence and its evolution. Since no clinical manifestations accompany the lesions, nephrotoxicity must be sought routinely. It can occur early or late, may be constant as of the first course or appear only after a certain cumulative dose and even occasionally after such a long interval that its cause may appear to be in doubt. The severity of this nephrotoxicity ranges from the usual first minor urinary anomalies to terminal renal failure. The pathophysiogenic mechanisms of the nephrotoxicity remain in most cases obscure. The mode of penetration into the cells is not known. There are fewer data on the interaction between the toxic agent and the cellular metabolism. In most cases, the drug itself in unchanged form does not seem to be the causative agent, which appears rather to be its metabolite. These metabolites are not always identified. Thus nephrotoxicity of antitumoral agents has not been given sufficient attention. Only better knowledge of their action within the kidney will eventually lead to progress in preventing their harmful side effects.

Alkylating Agents↗