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Biomedical subjects

S Joy

Publications and source records attributed to S Joy.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Traumatic atlantoaxial distraction injury: a case report.

STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVES: Description of a rarely reported variant of traumatic C1-C2 dislocation and discussion of a favorable outcome in a nonsurgical treatment approach. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Atlantoaxial dislocation most commonly involves an anterior movement of C1 in relation to C2. Often, the integrity of the transverse ligament or odontoid process is compromised, and the atlantodental interval changed. The described patient sustained a purely craniocaudal atlantoaxial distractive lesion secondary to injury sustained in a high-speed motor vehicle accident. RESULTS: The initial treatment plan involved surgical stabilization subsequent to healing of a C1 ring fracture. After 12 weeks of external stabilization, ligamentous damage appeared well resolved. That there was no gross instability delayed using a surgical option. At periodic checkup, the patient was without symptoms. CONCLUSION: In this case, conservative management of a ligamentous C1-C2 injury was effective. At 5 years after trauma the patient was without sequelae. This outcome is in contrast to previous management of injuries of this type, all of which involved surgical intervention.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2001

Quantifying qualitative features of Block Design performance among healthy older adults.

Block Design tasks are neuropsychologically valuable, but standard scoring sacrifices potentially useful information that could elucidate the cognitive processes underlying performance failures. Qualitative indices that were proposed in the WAIS-R-NI [Kaplan, E., Fein, D., Morris, R., & Delis, D. (1991). The WAIS-R as a neuropsychological instrument [Manual]. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation] should help to remedy this situation but have received little research attention. We present WAIS-R Block Design data for 177 healthy older adults (aged 50-90) incorporating several qualitative measures, outlining normative ranges and examining age differences. Proportional scoring, counts of single-block placement and rotation errors, counts of parameter-violating errors such as breaking configuration, and availability of implicit grid information all offer potentially valuable supplementary data that can enrich clinical interpretation of Block Design protocols.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Speed and memory in WAIS-R-NI Digit Symbol performance among healthy older adults.

Although roles have been proposed for both graphomotor speed and learning in the execution of Digit Symbol, few data have been available concerning performance across the adult lifespan on the Symbol Copy, paired associates, or free recall measures derived from Digit Symbol and recommended in the WAIS-R-NI. We report findings on 177 healthy older adults (ages 50-90), providing normative data by age group, education level, and gender. As previously reported, Digit Symbol scores decline steeply with age (r = -.64). Symbol Copy speed declines almost as steeply (r = -.58). Incidental learning, however, declines only modestly (r = -.26 on both measures). Symbol Copy is a far stronger correlate of Digit Symbol (r = .72) than are paired associates or free recall (r = .26 and r = .28, respectively). The 2 incidental learning measures do, however, offer valuable supplementary information as part of a comprehensive individual assessment. When low Digit Symbol scores are produced by slowing on Symbol Copy, further evaluation of perceptual and motor speed and dexterity are indicated. When low incidental learning scores are obtained, further evaluation of memory is warranted. Qualitative analysis of errors (e.g., rotations) made on the incidental learning procedures may also be valuable.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Primary uterine angiosarcoma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the first case of primary uterine angiosarcoma described in a Hispanic American woman and to review the literature on uterine angiosarcomas. We review characteristic presenting symptoms, gross and microscopic pathologic findings, and treatment outcomes where available. METHODS: A case report is presented with a review of the English language literature via a Medline search. The key phrases used in the search were uterine angiosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, hemangioendothelioma, and primary uterine neoplasm. RESULTS: Since the first report in 1902, there have been 19 reported cases of primary uterine angiosarcoma considered valid. Many early cases are questioned due to the lack of ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence available in later cases. Seventy-four percent (14 of 19) of these patients are perimenopausal with a mean age of 55 years (range 17-76 years). The common presenting findings are a pelvic mass, menorrhagia, and weight loss. Varying regimens of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation have been utilized with limited success. CONCLUSIONS: Primary uterine angiosarcomas tend to exhibit a highly malignant behavior. The predominant prognostic factor seems to be the size of the tumor at diagnosis and the presence of extrapelvic disease. Recurrence occurs on average at 8.2 months. Of evaluable patients (n = 14), at 12 months the survival was only 43%. Although radiation and chemotherapy are options being utilized, no consensus exists for optimal therapy given the few cases from which to draw conclusions. Regardless of treatment, outcome is usually poor.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Information Multiple Choice among healthy older adults: characteristics, correlates, and clinical implications.

Information Multiple Choice (WAIS-R-NI, Kaplan et al., 1991), may be valuable when used in conjunction with the standard Information subtest. Due to the reduced retrieval demands posed by its recognition format, scores should be even less susceptible to neuropathology or normal aging than are those on the standard (recall) test, facilitating assessment of premorbid attainment in individuals suffering from retrieval-related memory deficits. We provide reliability, validity, and normative data on Information Multiple Choice from a sample (N = 177) of healthy adults aged 50 - 90 years. Information Multiple Choice correlates strongly with the standard Information subtest (r = .81) and, as predicted and unlike the standard test, does not decline even in very old age. The construct validity of Information Multiple Choice is supported, and its clinical utility will be enhanced by these normative data.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Europa's magnetic signature: report from Galileo's pass on 19 December 1996.

On 19 December 1996 as Galileo passed close to Jupiter's moon, Europa, the magnetometer measured substantial departures from the slowly varying background field of Jupiter's magnetosphere. Currents coupling Europa to Jupiter's magnetospheric plasma could produce perturbations of the observed size. However, the trend of the field perturbations is here modeled as the signature of a Europa-centered dipole moment whose maximum surface magnitude is approximately 240 nanotesla, giving a rough upper limit to the internal field. The dipole orientation is oblique to Europa's spin axis. This orientation may not be probable for a field generated by a core dynamo, but higher order multipoles may be important as they are at Uranus and Neptune. Although the data can be modeled as contributions of an internal field of Europa, they do not confirm its existence. The dipole orientation is also oblique to the imposed field of Jupiter and thus not directly produced as a response to that field. Close to Europa, plasma currents appear to produce perturbations with scale sizes that are small compared with a Europa radius.

Extraterrestrial Environment↗
PubMed1997

Antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity of Michelia champaca Linn., (white variety), Ixora brachiata Roxb. and Rhynchosia cana (Willd.) D.C. flower extract.

Methanolic extracts of the flowers of M. champaca, I. Brachiata and R. cana were found to possess antiinflammatory activity against cotton pellet granuloma in rats at a dose level of 100 mg/kg body weight, sc. The latter two drugs showed higher activity (AIA) as compared to that of M. champaca. They reduced the protein content, acid phosphatase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase and glutamate oxalo-acetate transaminase activities in liver and serum. A significant reduction in the ascorbic acid content in adrenals was also observed in drug-treated animals. R. cana was recorded to possess significant antipyretic activity from the first hour of administration. These pharmacological properties may be traced to the presence of flavonoids in the flowers of these plants.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗
PubMed1996

Gap detection for pairs of noise bands: effects of stimulus level and frequency separation.

Temporal gap detection was determined for single 20-Hz-wide noise bands having various center frequencies, and for simultaneously present pairs of noise bands where the spectral separation between center frequencies was varied. in most conditions, each noise band was present 30 dB above its detection threshold, but in some conditions, each noise band was presented 15 dB above its detection threshold. The results for single noise bands indicated that the gap threshold did not vary significantly across center frequency. Gap detection was significantly better for pairs of noise bands than for single noise bands. The improvement in gap detection when two noise bands were presented instead of one was greater at the 15-dB presentation level than at the 30-dB level. In the case where pairs of bands were presented, there was no effect of the spectral separation between bands, even though the spectral separation was varied over a range of 5 oct. Spectral integration for gap detection may be limited only by the audibility curve.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Three dimensional model for the 16S ribosomal RNA in the Escherichia coli ribosome.

Molecular modeling has been performed to help correct and refine an approximate three dimensional structure for Eschericia coli 16S rRNA that originated as hand-built wire model. The wire model was built to accommodate the base pairs in 16S rRNA (1), mRNA.16S rRNA interactions (2,3), rRNA.ribosomal protein interactions (see 4), ribosomal protein-ribosomal protein distances (5), intramolecular RNA-RNA UV-crosslinks (6,7) and site-directed mutagenesis experiments (8). In the computer model, individual base-paired regions were constructed separately and then were installed into the expected locations to produce the entire structure. We describe here the considerations, steps and results of this refinement process.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1993

Perils and pitfalls of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The Rochester-Toronto MRI Study Group.

Purpose. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has come to assume a position of major importance in the diagnostic process for multiple sclerosis (MS). The authors believe that a tendency toward overreliance on MRI results in isolation from clinical findings continues to result in both false-positive and false-negative diagnostic errors. Methods. To evaluate this, MRI results in newly referred patients with clinical findings suggestive, but not diagnostic, for MS, were studied prospectively. Results. Of 99 consecutive referrals for suspected MS, there were 3 false-positive diagnoses of MS and 7 false-negatives, when the MRIs were read in isolation from specific clinical data. None of the scans in the false-negative groups were normal. Representative images of both groups are provided. Conclusion. In newly referred patients who fall short of criteria for definite MS, it remains dangerous for both clinicians and radiologists to rely too heavily only on MRI results.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity of vicolides of Vicoa indica DC.

Vicolides A,B, C and D, the sesquiterpene lactones isolated from V. indica exhibited antiinflammatory activity against cotton pellet granuloma in rats at dose level of 10 mg/kg body weight, sc. Highly significant activity was observed with vicolides C and D. They reduced the protein content, acid and alkaline phosphatase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activities in liver and serum. Significant reduction in ascorbic acid content in adrenals was also observed in treated animals. The highly significant antiinflammatory activity of vicolides C and D can be attributed to their chemical structures. Vicolide D has an epoxy angeloyl group while vicolide C has 3,4 epoxy group and an ester moiety in the molecule. Vicolide D possesses antipyretic activity at 250 mg/kg body weight, po dose. It may be due to the presence of epoxy angeloyl group in the molecule.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An evaluation of a smoking prevention programme with children from disadvantaged communities.

This study examined the effect of a novel smoking prevention programme on children in primary schools in disadvantaged areas. The programme included integration with other school subjects as well as parental involvement and visits by Health Board personnel. Compared to matched control groups the classes in which the programme was piloted, showed less positive attitudes towards smoking and greater awareness of the dangerous consequences of smoking. The results are considered in the context of the need for approaches to smoking prevention that include both education and the restriction of access.

Child↗