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Biomedical subjects

S K Field

Publications and source records attributed to S K Field.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Familial adenomatous polyposis and lung cancer.

A 43-year-old man presented with a lung nodule 19 years after undergoing a total colectomy for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). There had been no evidence of malignant transformation in the colectomy specimen, and current gastrointestinal investigation did not reveal evidence of tumor. Pathological analysis of the lung nodule demonstrated adenocarcinoma of the lung of the fetal type. This is the first reported case of a lung neoplasm in a patient with FAP. The development of an unusual lung tumor in a patient with FAP, a condition associated with other extracolonic tumors, suggests that there may be an association between the two conditions.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1994

An anti-idiotype antibody which mimics the inner-core region of lipopolysaccharide protects mice against a lethal challenge with endotoxin.

Recently, we described the generation and characterization of an Armenian hamster Ab2 beta anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody (MAb4G2) specific for the binding site of a mouse monoclonal antibody, MAbY1-4A6, directed against the conserved 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonate (Kdo)-containing inner-core region of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (S. K. Field, M. Pollack, and D. C. Morrison, Microb. Pathog. 15:103-120, 1993). In that study, mice and hamster immunized with MAb4G2 generated serum immunoglobulin G and M (IgG and IgM) antibodies which cross-react with Salmonella minnesota R595-chemotype rough mutant LPS (Re-LPS). In this report, we demonstrate that in C3Heb/FeJ mice, MAb4G2 elicits an immune response which is characterized by specific binding of antibody to Re-LPS, as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The practical use of MAb4G2 as a potentially effective therapeutic agent against gram-negative bacterial sepsis is suggested by the demonstration that immunization of these mice with MAb4G2 results in significant protection of D-galactosamine-sensitized animals against an otherwise lethal dose of Re-LPS. Assessment of the temporal changes in Re-LPS-specific serum antibody titers from mice immunized with MAb4G2 or Re-LPS over a 40-day period indicates that immunization with Re-LPS elicits significantly higher titers of serum IgM antibodies compared with those in animals immunized with MAb4G2. Conversely, two immunizations with MAb4G2 result in an up to 10-fold increase in anti-Re-LPS-specific IgG serum antibody titers relative to those obtained in mice immunized with Re-LPS. Nineteen days after the secondary boost with MAb4G2, anti-Re-LPS-specific IgG serum antibody titers were significantly higher (three- to fourfold) compared with those in Re-LPS-treated animals. Initial immunization with the anti-idiotype antibody primes animals for enhanced secondary responses to Re-LPS, as assessed by the titers of anti-Re-LPS-specific IgG profiles. These data suggest the potential utility of MAb4G2 as a candidate vaccine against the lethal properties of gram-negative bacterial LPS.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between inspiratory effort and breathlessness in pregnancy.

Using open-magnitude scaling, we compared the relationships between breathlessness, inspiratory esophageal pressure swing (delta Pes), and ventilation in pregnancy and postpartum. Thirteen healthy women performed progressive cycle exercise tests at 33 +/- 2 wk gestation and 12 +/- 3 wk postpartum. Pulmonary function and maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure did not change. Minute ventilation (VE) was greater in the third trimester. This increase was entirely due to the increase in tidal volume (VT; 0.74 +/- 0.18 vs. 0.54 +/- 0.18 liters at rest, P less than 0.01; 1.56 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.24 +/- 0.24 liters at 48 W, P less than 0.001). delta Pes (15.3 +/- 3.0 vs. 11.9 +/- 3.5 cmH2O at 48 W, P less than 0.01) and breathlessness (1.8 +/- 1.4 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.9 at 48 W, P less than 0.05) were greater in the third trimester. However, the relationships between VT and delta Pes and between delta Pes and breathlessness were identical in the two conditions. The VT-tidal abdominal volume (Vab) and Vab-tidal gastric pressure swing (delta Pga) relationships were similar in the two conditions. In conclusion, the relationship between delta Pes and breathlessness is the same in the third trimester and postpartum. The increased VE is responsible for the breathlessness in the third trimester. Despite progressive abdominal distension by the gravid uterus, the VT-Vab and Vab-delta Pga relationships were the same in the two conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Mechanisms of hypoxemia during panendoscopy.

Hypoxemia during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), or panendoscopy has been generally attributed to sedation. We studied 49 patients ranging in age from 17 to 71 years with normal or nearly normal lung function undergoing EGD to determine the effects of sedation and the effects of the endoscope on arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). All patients received intravenous diazepam and 41 also received meperidine. EGD was delayed 10.7 +/- 7.5 min after intravenous diazepam administration in the 42 group 1 patients. Seven patients underwent EGD within 2 min of receiving intravenous diazepam (group 2). Ventilation decreased after diazepam, recovered, then decreased immediately after endoscope insertion in the group 1 patients. Periods of hypopnea, up to 39 s long, were observed during EGD. The average decrease in SaO2 was 4.0% after diazepam (p less than 0.0001). SaO2 returned to the pre-EGD level, then decreased 2.4% during EGD (p less than 0.0005). Maximum SaO2 decrease occurred 27 +/- 6 s after insertion of the endoscope then rapidly recovered. There was a linear correlation between the duration of hypopnea and maximum SaO2 decrease (r = 0.84, p less than 0.001). All group 2 patients experienced a period of hypopnea (13.3 +/- 9.6 s) and SaO2 declined 9.0%. The SaO2 decline was significantly greater in the group 2 subjects (p less than 0.0001). Our results confirm previous findings that intravenous sedation causes hypoventilation and hypoxemia. Moreover, hypoventilation and further arterial oxygen desaturation are caused by either the mechanical effect of the endoscope or a reflex stimulated by it.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: can the paradox be explained?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The reported effects of asthma on gastroesophageal reflux (GER), effects of GER on asthma and the effects of antireflux therapy on asthma are conflicting. The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence for a relationship between the two conditions. DESIGN: A search of the MEDLINE 1966 to 1999 database, combining the terms GER and asthma, was used to identify studies of the effects of acid perfusion of the esophagus, the physiological equivalent of GER and the effects of both medical and surgical antireflux therapy on asthma. Bibliographies of the identified papers were also reviewed. MAIN RESULTS: The collected evidence suggests that GER causes asthma symptoms but has minimal effects on pulmonary function. Both medical and surgical antireflux therapy can improve asthma symptoms and asthma medication requirements without improving pulmonary function. The paradox of GER causing symptoms without affecting pulmonary function may be because of the retrosternal discomfort that accompanies GER increases minute ventilation and respiratory sensation. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an extensive body of literature, many questions remain about the relationship between GER and asthma. A review of the data suggests a strong association between the two conditions, and that GER worsens asthma symptoms without affecting pulmonary function. Asymptomatic GER does not worsen asthma. Antireflux therapy may have a role in asthma patients with symptomatic GER, possibly being most beneficial for those with reflux-associated respiratory symptoms. Unfortunately, many studies contain flaws such as a lack of controls and small sample sizes. Further properly designed controlled trials, including ones that measure the effects of GER and antireflux therapy on quality of life, are needed to understand better the role of GER in asthma.

Animals↗