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Biomedical subjects

S K Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to S K Gupta.

At least 469 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effect of beta-blockers on ventilatory function in smokers and non smokers.

Twenty healthy nonsmokers, 20 asymptomatic mild smokers and 20 asymptomatic moderate smokers were assessed for ventilatory functions, before and after equipotent dosages of atenolol, propranolol and oxprenolol in a single blind longitudinal study. The basal spirometric values were significantly lower in smokers than non smokers. After propranolol significant reduction was seen from basal values in FEV1, FEF 75%, MMFR, FEF 200-1200 in all the three groups. After oxprenolol significant difference was seen only with MMFR in the moderate smokers. With atenolol the variation was not significant in any group. Intercomparison of values after the drugs in each group was done. The values after propranolol was significantly lower than values after atenolol or oxprenolol for FEF 75%, MMFR and FEF 200-1200 in both the smoker groups whereas values after oxprenolol and Atenolol did not differ significantly from each other. Thus, in smokers atenolol offers a safe choice. If propranolol is to be used, the possibility of significant bronchospasm should be considered.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1993

Modification in sucrose tolerance test with acarbose, guargum and their combination in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes.

The study was undertaken to assess the efficacy guargum, Acarbose and their combination in modifying the sucrose absorption in patients of non Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Fifty patients of NIDDM were randomly distributed in three groups. Group A had 20 patients who received 20 grams of guargum, Group B had 10 patients who received 100 mg of Acrabose, Group C had 20 patients who received 10 grams of guargum and 50 grams of Acrabose. All the patients underwent 50 grams sucrose tolerance test with and without the trial drugs. Blood glucose levels were determined at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after sucrose loading. With the drugs, there was a significant decrease in the blood glucose levels at all time intervals (p < 001) in all the three groups. In all the three groups the blood glucose levels with the trial drugs was significantly lower (p < 001) than without the drug. It was seen that acarbose alone and guargum alone did not differ significantly in reducing the blood sugar level whereas combination of two produced significantly greater reduction in blood glucose levels than either of the drug used alone. Thus both guargum and acarbose are equally effective in modifying the absorption of sucrose. When combined in half the dosage they have synergistic effect and the reduction in blood glucose level is greater than either of the drug used alone.

Acarbose↗
PubMed1993

Prognosis of single unprovoked seizure.

201 patients (131 males and 70 females) with mean age of 18 years (range 5-55 years) who presented at median of 6 days after the onset of first unprovoked seizure were studied. They were followed for a mean period of 60 months (range 12-84 months). One hundred and fifty four (76%) patients were treated with anticonvulsant medication (group A) on a non-randomized basis and the remaining 47 patients (24%) were not treated (group B). Both the groups were comparable for age, sex, type of seizure and interval between onset of seizure and consultation. The cumulative risk of recurrence for entire study group was 24% at 1 month, 32% at 6 months, 34% at 12 months, 35% at 24 months and 36% at 36 months. The cumulative risk of recurrence in group A was 23%, 30%, 32%, 33% and 33% as compared to 28%, 36%, 40%, 43% and 45% at 1, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months respectively (p > 0.05). Maximum number of recurrences (67%) occurred within 1 month. No recurrence occurred after 36 months after the onset of first seizure. Age at onset, sex, seizure type, family history of seizure, EEG abnormalities and nature of antiepileptic drugs did not influence the risk of recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Motor nerve conduction velocity & Hoffman's reflex latency in newborns.

A total of 72 newborns and their mothers were studied to assess the influence of various variables on the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and Hoffman's reflex latency (H-RL) of the babies with a view to differentiate fullterm and preterm low birth weight babies. MNCV were significantly lower and H-RL significantly higher in preterm appropriate for gestational (PT-AGA) age babies compared to fullterm appropriate for gestational age (FT-AGA) and fullterm intrauterine growth retarded babies (FT-IUGR). In FT-IUGR babies, only MNCV was significantly reduced as compared to FT-AGA babies.

H-Reflex↗
PubMed1993

Survey of airborne culturable and non-culturable fungi at different sites in Delhi metropolis.

A two year aerobiological survey for culturable and non-culturable fungi was conducted at human height at five different sites in Delhi metropolis. Burkard Personal Volumetric Sampler for petriplates and slide exposures were used for sampling the air. With simultaneous petriplate and slide exposure a total of 98 fungal forms were recorded. Cladosporium contributed for 25-40% of total airborne fungi followed by Ustilago (smuts) (24%) Aspergillus flavus (10-13%), Alternaria (11%) and A. niger (8%). Basidiomycetes contributed 7-13% at different sites. The frequency of occurrence of these types varied from 50-98%. In general fungal concentration was high from July to April with low counts in winter (January) and dry and hot summer (May-June). Quantitative variations in the spore counts were found to be statistically significant within the same urban locality.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1993

Primary squamous cell carcinoma-in-situ of the endometrium--a case report.

A case of primary squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the endometrium is reported here. The in-situ nature of the tumor, with involvement of the surface mucosa and extension into superficial endometrial glands and its incidental association with prolapse uterus are notable features.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1993

Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to porcine zona pellucida-3 alpha glycoprotein.

All 10 monoclonal antibodies generated reacted with deglycosylated ZP3 alpha both in ELISA and Western blots, thereby suggesting that these do not recognize carbohydrate determinants. Moreover, 7 antibodies (MAs -402, -403, -405, -412, -420, -421 and -423) recognized reduced and carboxyamidomethylated ZP3 alpha in Western blot suggesting that these antibodies recognized linear epitopes. The epitopes recognized by MAs -410, -413 and -425 were sequential or conformational, stabilized by disulphide bonds. Three antibodies namely, MA -405, -420 and -421 inhibited in vitro, zona lysis by trypsin.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Lower extremity revascularization.

Atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremity in patients exhibiting severe rest pain, ulceration, or tissue necrosis represents a serious threat to extremities. In the past two decades the surgical approach in the treatment of lower extremity ischemia has changed significantly due to better understanding of segmental disease and infrapopliteal disease. Also, better visualization of leg and foot arteries due to improved angiographic and surgical techniques aided by magnification have all significantly contributed to increased limb salvage. Vein, when available, is the ideal graft material both for supra and infrapopliteal reconstruction. Availability of vein as a conduit can be increased when ectopic veins such as cephalic etc., are used and also when short segments of veins are used with unconventional distal inflow sites such as SFA, distal deep femoral artery, and popliteal artery. However, when vein is unavailable, PTFE graft is a good option particularly in patients with life expectancy of less than three years. Better understanding of graft failure has lead to better graft surveillance with PVR, ABI and Duplex scanning. Timely intervention with either PTA or surgery has lead to better secondary patency of grafts. Veith et al. looked at amputation rates during the period of changing therapeutic approach and found both a decrease in primary and secondary amputation rate implying the effectiveness of an aggressive therapeutic approach. Not all aspects of lower extremity disease are understood. However, infrapopliteal disease has now been addressed and new, innovative therapeutic approaches have made significant advances in limb salvage.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1993

Management of arterial injuries produced by percutaneous femoral procedures.

BACKGROUND: A significant number of vascular injuries occur with the use of percutaneous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. This study was done to indicate the types of these injuries and their management. METHODS: Over a 30-month period, 55 patients required operation for vascular complications after percutaneous femoral procedures including infrarenal arteriography (six patients) and angioplasty (22 patients), coronary angiography (16 patients) and angioplasty (five patients), and aortic balloon pump insertion (six patients). RESULTS: The 14 iliac and 41 femoral artery injuries included 29 pseudoaneurysms, six lacerations with persistent bleeding, seven dissections, six occlusions, three ruptures, two arteriovenous fistulas, and two large hematomas. Control for all femoral and distal external iliac artery lesions was obtained solely through a groin incision in 45 (82%) patients. Our technique for exposure of the external iliac artery through the groin is described. A separate retroperitoneal incision was necessary in 10 patients because of proximal injury, massive pseudoaneurysm, morbid obesity, or heavily scarred groins. In this series 34 lateral suture repairs, 11 interposition or bypass grafts, four patch angioplasties, one endarterectomy, three thrombectomies, and two hematoma evacuations were performed. Although no limb loss occurred, we encountered nine wound complications, five myocardial infarctions, and two deaths. CONCLUSIONS: This experience shows the wide variety of vascular complications caused by percutaneous procedures and the different techniques necessary for their management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Immunodiagnosis of group-A streptococci by latex agglutination assays with monoclonal or monospecific polyvalent antibodies.

Seven clones of murine monoclonal antibodies specific for group-A streptococci were generated. All of them were of IgM isotypes and recognized trypsinized as well as nontrypsinized group-A streptococci and polysaccharide. These were devoid of reactivity with streptococci-B, -C, -G and Staphylococcus aureus. Polyclonal antibodies against group-A polysaccharide (APS) were also raised in rabbits by linking APS to bovine serum albumin, and rendered monospecific by adsorption. Latex agglutination assays were developed employing both types of antibodies. The assay employing monospecific polyvalent antibodies had a sensitivity of 12.5 ng APS/ml as compared to 1 microgram APS/ml for latex sensitized with monoclonal antibodies. Both assays were specific, as no agglutination was observed with polysaccharides obtained from streptococci-B, -C, -G, Staph. aureus, Cornybacterium diptheriae, Candida albicans, Candida spp., Morexella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Strep. pneumoniae. Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi A and B. Throat swabs from children obtained in duplicate, when tested for the presence of streptococci-A, showed a good correlation of the results obtained by latex agglutination assay with the microbial culture test and serogrouping.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Myristoylation of the G alpha i2 polypeptide, a G protein alpha subunit, is required for its signaling and transformation functions.

GTPase-inhibiting mutations of the alpha subunit (alpha i2) of the G protein, Gi2, result in constitutive activation of alpha i2 signal transduction functions. GTPase-inhibited alpha i2 mutant polypeptides, referred to as gip2 oncoproteins, have glutamine-205 mutated to leucine (alpha i2Q205L). Expression of the alpha i2Q205L polypeptide inhibits adenylyl cyclase stimulation, constitutively activates p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and transforms Rat 1a fibroblasts. The alpha i2 polypeptides are N-terminal-myristoylated, but the function of myristoylation is unclear in alpha i2 signal transduction. We have tested the requirement for myristoylation on the ability of the alpha i2Q205L mutant polypeptide to constitutively regulate signal pathways and cell transformation. When expressed in Rat 1a cells, the nonmyristoylated alpha i2Q205L polypeptide is membrane associated but is unable to regulate adenylyl cyclase or p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and does not induce cellular transformation. We conclude that myristoylation is absolutely necessary for alpha i2Q205L signal transduction and regulation of effector enzymes in the cell.

Adenylate Cyclase Toxin↗
PubMed1992

Mitogen-activated protein kinase activation resulting from selective oncogene expression in NIH 3T3 and rat 1a cells.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are rapidly activated in response to a variety of growth factors in many cell types. MAPKs are activated by phosphorylation of both tyrosine and threonine residues. They are proposed to be key integrators of growth factor receptor transduction systems involving conversion of tyrosine kinase signals to serine/threonine kinase activation. We have studied the influence of specific oncogenes on the regulation of MAPK activity in NIH 3T3 and Rat 1a fibroblasts. In NIH 3T3 cells, ras or raf oncogene expression, but not gip2 oncogene expression, induces a significant constitutive MAPK activation. In contrast, in Rat 1a cells, gip2, but not ras or raf oncogene expression, induces a strong constitutive MAPK activation. The findings indicate that, in a cell type-selective manner, different oncoproteins are capable of causing the constitutive activation of MAPK. However, the magnitude of oncogene-induced MAPK activation is not directly correlated with cellular transformation in either cell type. It appears that expression of only a subset of transforming oncogenes in a specific cell type is able to alter the regulation of the MAPK activation pathway. Thus, the network of cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinases will be differentially regulated when the same oncogene is expressed in different cell types.

3T3 Cells↗
PubMed1992

MAP kinase is constitutively activated in gip2 and src transformed rat 1a fibroblasts.

Rat 1a fibroblasts transformed by the Gi2 oncogene, gip2, exhibit a constitutively elevated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activity that correlates with enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of the p42 MAP kinase polypeptide. The MAP kinase activity in gip2 transformed cells is 50-60% of the pertussis toxin-sensitive, thrombin-stimulated activity observed in wild-type Rat 1a cells. A similar activation of MAP kinase is observed in src but not ras or raf transformed Rat 1a cells, indicating that the persistent MAP kinase activity results from the action of the specific oncoprotein and is not the consequence of cellular transformation. The enhanced transactivation function of c-Jun characteristic of the transformed phenotype, measured using a collagenase promoter-CAT reporter gene, is observed in gip2, src, ras, and raf transformed Rat 1a cells. The regulatory networks controlled by the four transforming oncogenes therefore alter the activity of specific transcription factors, but only gip2 and src constitutively activate MAP kinase. The findings demonstrate that the catalytic activity of growth factor-regulated cytoplasmic kinases are selectively and stably activated as a consequence of specific oncogene expression.

Animals↗