Biomedical subjects

S K Lyle

Publications and source records attributed to S K Lyle.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Low-dose insemination--why, when and how.

The typical dose for insemination into the uterine body of the mare is > 300 x 10(6) progressively motile spermatozoa (PMS) and an insemination dose of > 200 x 10(6) PMS is recommended for frozen-thawed semen. Low-dose insemination techniques allow for a drastic reduction in the numbers of spermatozoa required to achieve pregnancy. Acceptable pregnancy rates can be achieved with doses ranging from 1 to 25 x 10(6) PMS in volumes ranging from 20 to 1000 microL. Two techniques have been described: hysteroscopic insemination and transrectally guided deep horn insemination using a pipette. Similar pregnancy rates can be attained by either method when 5 x 10(6) PMS are used. Hysteroscopic insemination may provide an advantage when the dose is 1-3 x 10(6) PMS. These techniques have the potential to make more efficient use of frozen-thawed or sex-sorted semen from certain stallions. The use of low-dose insemination to improve fertility of infertile stallions warrants further investigation.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Uterine clearance mechanisms during the early postovulatory period in mares.

Uterine response to inoculation with Streptococcus zooepidemicus organisms, 51Cr-labeled 15-microns microspheres, and charcoal was evaluated in 9 mares (4 resistant and 5 susceptible to endometritis) to determine mechanical and cellular clearance rates during the early postovulatory period. Mares were inoculated at estrus prior to ovulation during estrous cycles 1, 3, and 5. Uterine swab specimens for aerobic and anaerobic bacteriologic culture and serum for progesterone determination were obtained on postovulation day 3 during estrous cycle 1, on the day of ovulation during estrous cycle 3, and on postovulation day 5 during estrous cycle 5. Immediately thereafter, the uterus was irrigated with 50 ml of sterile physiologic saline solution containing tracer amounts of 125I-labeled human serum albumin. Streptococcus zooepidemicus was isolated from 10 of 15 (67%) uterine specimens collected from susceptible mares and incubated aerobically. Escherichia coli also was isolated from 2 of the 10 specimens incubated aerobically. Anaerobic bacteriologic culture of specimens from all mares yielded no growth. Chromium-labeled microspheres were recovered twice from 2 susceptible mares, on day 0 and day 5. Charcoal was retained in 5 specimens collected from 3 susceptible mares. Bacteriologic culture of specimens from resistant mares did not yield growth. On day 0, chromium-labeled microspheres and charcoal were recovered once from 1 resistant mare. Mares susceptible to endometritis accumulated more fluid within the uterine lumen after ovulation than did resistant mares (mean +/- SEM, 52.73 +/- 15.22 ml and 7.41 +/- 1.96 ml, respectively; P less than 0.01). From this study, it appeared that uterine cellular and bactericidal mechanisms are dysfunctional during the early postovulatory period. However, there appeared to be no disruption of the mechanisms responsible for mechanical clearance of materials inoculated in the uterus.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

The "horse-racing effect" and predicting decline in forced expiratory volume in one second from screening spirometry.

Longitudinal spirometric data on adults in a general population sample confirmed an overall relationship between rate of change in FEV1 (delta FEV1) and mean FEV1/Ht3. This relationship between FEV1 "slope" and "level" has been called a "horse-racing effect" and is the basis for the widely accepted concept that detecting a low FEV1 will predict a rapid decline in FEV1 and the development of clinically significant COPD. However, when both age and smoking habits were taken into account, the effect persisted only in male smokers. Even in them, it was dependent on the inclusion of part of the delta FEV1 in calculation of the mean FEV1 value. While neither a low initial FEV1/Ht3 nor percent predicted FEV1 significantly predicted a subsequent rapid fall in FEV1, presumably because of regression toward the mean, other initial spirometric variables proved better predictors, at least among male smokers. In them, a low FEV1/FVC ratio on entry was almost uniformly associated with a high rate of decline in FEV1. This was not seen in ex-smokers with similar initial spirometric findings. Also, delta FEV1 could not be predicted with any precision in women regardless of their smoking status. The findings strongly support the concept that detection of early airway disease by spirometric screening will identify those male smokers who are likely to develop clinically significant illness if they continue to smoke and that smoking cessation, even at this point, can markedly improve the prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Longitudinal changes in forced expiratory volume in one second in adults. Effects of smoking and smoking cessation.

Longitudinal changes in FEV1 (delta FEV1) in relationship to smoking habits were examined in 1,705 adults enrolled in a prospective study of a general population sample. In both men and women, there were excessive rates of decline in FEV1 in smokers, at least in those smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day. The excess decline of smokers was age dependent, particularly in men, with much of the excess loss of function occurring between 50 and 70 yr of age. Effects of smoking on delta FEV1, observed minus expected delta FEV1 and observed minus expected percent delta FEV1, were greater in men than in women even when controlled for current cigarette dose. Ex-smokers show delta FEV1 values similar to those of nonsmokers. In subjects younger than 35 yr of age, quitting smoking during follow-up was associated with an actual increase in FEV1. In men 50 to 70 yr of age, smoking cessation early in the study appeared to lead to a relatively prompt return to normal rates of functional decline. Thus, the findings suggest relatively prompt beneficial effect of smoking cessation even in late middle age.

Age Factors↗