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Biomedical subjects

S K Rao

Publications and source records attributed to S K Rao.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Response of early- and late-maturing commercial Leghorn pullets to low levels of dietary phosphorus.

An experiment with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was used to determine differences in responses of early-maturing (EM) and late-maturing (LM) pullets fed low dietary P (.4% total P; LP) and normal dietary P (.7% total P; NP) levels. Six hundred pullets (18-wk-old) were equally and randomly allocated to the LP and NP treatments. Egg production, egg weight, egg specific gravity, and eggshell breaking strength were measured at 26 and 28 wk. When pullets were 28 wk of age, plasma total Ca (TCa), ionic Ca (Ca++), and inorganic P (Pi) concentrations, urine Ca concentrations, and urine pH, bone mineral content (BMC), bone density, total kidney weight, and kidney weight ratio (heavier kidney divided by lighter kidney) were determined from 15 pullets each from EM-NP, EM-LP, LM-NP, and LM-LP treatments. The pullets with osteoporosis and pullets that died during the experiment were categorized into EM and LM groups. Results showed that LP caused severe adverse effects on LM pullets. The LM pullets fed the LP diet had high plasma Ca++ concentration, low plasma Pi concentration, increased urine Ca concentration, a high incidence of osteoporosis, mild kidney lesions, and elevated mortality compared with pullets subjected to the other treatments. The EM pullets fed the LP diet were also adversely effected by LP, but were less susceptible to osteoporosis and mortality. The LP diet improved eggshell quality, but this beneficial effect was only temporary. The severity of adverse effects of low dietary P was greater for LM than the EM pullets.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Influence of dietary cholecalciferol, calcium, and phosphorus on urinary calcium in commercial Leghorn hens.

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of various dietary levels of cholecalciferol, Ca, and P on urinary Ca and pH, and on plasma concentrations of inorganic P (Pi) and total Ca (TCa) in commercial Leghorn hens. All hens were fed a layer diet containing 500 ICU of cholecalciferol/kg for 30 days and then allocated equally to treatment diets. Twelve treatment diets were in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement that comprised three levels of cholecalciferol (0, 2,200, and 4,400 ICU/kg), two Ca levels (3.75 and 5.75%) and two P levels (.3% and .7%). After 9 days of feeding, blood (12 hens per time per treatment) and urine (6 hens per time per treatment) were sampled at 8 and 16 h after oviposition. Urinary Ca and plasma TCa concentrations increased (P less than .05) when dietary cholecalciferol level was increased from 0 to 2,200 ICU/kg, but did not change when cholecalciferol was increased from 2,200 to 4,400 ICU/kg. High levels of dietary Ca elevated (P less than or equal to .05) the urinary Ca concentration of hens fed the low-P treatments. Low levels of dietary P reduced plasma P and increased urinary Ca and pH at all levels of cholecalciferol and Ca; however, the magnitude of increases in urinary Ca were not uniform across all levels of cholecalciferol and Ca. Increases in urinary Ca resulting from low dietary P were relatively small when the diet lacked cholecalciferol, but was increased three- to fourfold when the diet contained adequate or excess levels of Ca and excess but not toxic levels of cholecalciferol.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Jejunal-rectal fistula as a complication of postoperative radiotherapy.

We present the case of a patient with an unusual, complex enteric fistula with multiple tracts and associated abscesses. The fistula was a late complication of radiotherapy, administered three years earlier, after resection for carcinoma of the sigmoid colon. Most of the small bowel was involved in the radiation-induced disease. A wide resection was performed successfully. This report reviews current literature on intra-abdominal postradiotherapy injuries, particularly intestinal fistulae.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Lisinopril in elderly patients with hypertension.

The antihypertensive efficacy and safety of lisinopril, a long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, were assessed in 40 elderly patients (aged 65 years or over) with mild to moderate systolic/diastolic or isolated systolic hypertension, in an open study of 12 weeks' duration. Lisinopril was given orally in single daily doses. The starting dose was 5 mg in patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30-60 ml/min and 10 mg in patients with GFR greater than 60 ml/min. The dose of lisinopril could be titrated upwards to a maximum of 40 mg daily according to blood pressure response. A thiazide diuretic was then added if blood pressure was not controlled. Thirty-six patients completed the study. Mean sitting blood pressure was significantly reduced by lisinopril treatment. There was no significant alteration in the heart rate, and postural hypotension did not occur. The median dose of lisinopril given was 20 mg daily (range 5-40 mg daily), and only two patients had a diuretic added to the lisinopril. One patient was withdrawn from the study because of unstable angina, and another was discontinued from lisinopril treatment because of anorexia and facial flushing. One patient was withdrawn after 8 weeks because of interruption of lisinopril therapy for a transurethral resection of the prostate, and one patient was lost to follow-up. No clinically significant haematological or biochemical changes were observed. The mean glomerular filtration rate was unchanged during the study. Proteinuria did not occur de novo, nor did established proteinuria increase. Thus lisinopril was well-tolerated and effective therapy in a group of elderly hypertensive patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

The hematologic characteristics of sickle cell anemia bearing the Bantu haplotype: the relationship between G gamma and HbF level.

Previous work has demonstrated that the HbS gene has appeared and expanded three times in Africa in three separate geographic locations and that these three distinct mutational events can be identified by linked DNA polymorphic sites (haplotypes) surrounding the abnormal gene. We have reported that the Senegalese and Beninian haplotypes differ in G gamma expression, mean percentage of HbF, and percentage of dense cells. We now report on the third haplotype, the Bantu, and find that it has intermediate features, namely, the high mean percentage of HbF and low percentage of dense cells associated with the Senegalese haplotype, but with a low percentage of G gamma expression similar to the Beninian haplotype. The distribution of percent HbF is quite different from Senegal haplotype-bearing sickle cell anemia patients since it covers a much wider range. The low G gamma expression is also different from the Beninians since it contains a significant and unique cluster of individuals with lower than 38% G gamma. Interestingly, among the Bantu there is a strong correlation between HbF levels and G gamma expression, which is not seen with the other haplotypes. These findings open the possibility that among the Bantu haplotype-bearing individuals two chromosomal types exist that define different levels of G gamma and HbF expression. Further structural exploration of these two potential subhaplotypes is needed.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗