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Biomedical subjects

S Kagamimori

Publications and source records attributed to S Kagamimori.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Biochemical markers of bone turnover predict bone loss in perimenopausal women but not in postmenopausal women-the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION: The predictive value of biochemical markers of bone turnover for subsequent change in bone density in a population sample of healthy women with a wide range of ages has not been fully established. METHODS: We followed 1,283 women aged 15-79 years at baseline selected randomly from the inhabitants of three areas in Japan for 6 years, and examined 1,130 subjects with no disease or administration of drugs affecting bone metabolism. The annual change in bone density at the spine, total hip, and distal one third of the radius was determined during the follow-up period by dual x-ray absorptiometry and was compared among the groups using different levels of biochemical markers at baseline, including serum osteocalcin (OC) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), free and total (tDPD) forms of immunoreactive deoxypyridinoline, and type I collagen crosslinked C-terminal telopeptide (CTX) in urine. RESULTS: Premenopausal women aged 45 years or older with elevated levels of OC, bone ALP, CTX, or tDPD showed significantly greater bone loss at most skeletal sites during the follow-up period than those with lower levels, after adjustment for the effects of age, height, weight, dietary calcium intake, regular exercise, and current smoking. The greatest coefficient of determination of the model was observed in the association between CTX and bone loss at the hip during the first 3 years of follow-up (42.8%). These subjects were pooled with perimenopausal women at baseline, and those who still menstruated at follow-up in this pooled group showed significant but more modest associations, whereas those who entered menopause during the follow-up period showed clear associations. However, early postmenopausal women with less than 5 or 10 years since menopause showed an association that was limited mostly to the distal radius, and other postmenopausal groups had virtually no association. CONCLUSION: Biochemical markers of bone turnover may predict bone loss in women undergoing menopausal transition but may not predict bone loss in postmenopausal women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Effects of the Cdx-2 polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor gene and lifestyle factors on bone mineral density in a representative sample of Japanese women: the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Study.

Using a large-scale representative sample of the Japanese female population, we examined the effects of a single nucleotide polymorphism within a binding site of Cdx-2 in the promoter region of the vitamin D receptor gene on bone mineral density (BMD), and the interactions between this polymorphism and lifestyle factors on BMD. Fifty women were randomly selected from each of the 5-year age-stratified populations (15-79 years) in each of three chosen municipalities as a part of the Japanese Population-based Osteoporosis Study. BMD at the lumbar spine, hip, and distal forearm was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and again in a follow-up study conducted 3 years later. Information on lifestyle factors was collected in a questionnaire and followed up in interviews. The G-to-A polymorphism within the Cdx-2 binding site was determined by a TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. At baseline, 1,340 women were analyzed. The baseline BMD in the ultradistal forearm in premenopausal women with the GG genotype was significantly lower than in those with other genotypes. There was no association between the Cdx-2 genotype and the change in BMD at any of the skeletal sites. We found significant associations between daily milk consumption and baseline BMD at some skeletal sites but only in subjects with the GG genotype. In conclusion, the Cdx-2 polymorphism alone did not have a substantial effect on BMD in Japanese women. However, this polymorphism might have some effect in women with low calcium intake.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2005

Associations of lifestyle factors with quality of life (QOL) in Japanese children: a 3-year follow-up of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: To examine the associations between lifestyle factors and quality of life (QOL) among Japanese children. METHODS: Participants were 7794 children (3869 boys and 3925 girls) aged 9-10. They completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyles at baseline survey and were followed up for 3 years. In the follow-up survey, QOL was evaluated using a Japanese version of the COOP charts. Children rated their QOL as one of five response categories. Subjects rated as 'very well' or 'pretty good' were considered to have good QOL, and the remainder was assumed to have poor QOL. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between lifestyles or changes in lifestyles and QOL. In the multivariate analysis model, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and lifestyle factors were simultaneously entered. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, children became more sedentary. Compared to children participating in physical activity 'very often' at baseline, those who exercised 'almost never' were more likely to have poor QOL [OR (95% CI): 1.92 (1.26-2.93)]. Children who developed or maintained undesirable lifestyles had high OR for poor QOL. Compared to children taking breakfast 'often' during the follow-up period, those changing from 'often' to 'seldom' or those taking breakfast 'seldom' were more likely to have poor QOL [1.61 (1.24-2.07), 2.05 (1.03-4.09), respectively]. When compared with children maintaining their participation in physical activity 'often', those who changed from 'often' to 'seldom' and those who kept 'seldom' were more likely to have poor QOL [2.10 (1.84-2.39), 2.21 (1.88-2.59), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that unfavourable lifestyles in childhood are associated with poor QOL in early adolescence. Early intervention could be worth considering to keeping desirable lifestyles during childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Bone mass and lifestyle related factors: a comparative study between Japanese and Inner Mongolian young premenopausal women.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethnic difference in bone mass between Japanese and Inner Mongolian young premenopausal women and to assess the contribution of lifestyle related and anthropometric factors to bone mass. We studied 33 Japanese and 44 Inner Mongolian healthy young women, aged 20-34 years, in urban area. Speed of sound (SOS), broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and stiffness index (SI) were measured at the calcaneus using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) analysis. Age at menarche, regularity of menstruation and lifestyle related factors were estimated by a self-reported questionnaire. There were no differences between the two groups in age, height, weight, BMI, regularity of menstruation, frequency of meat intake, frequency of yellow-green vegetable intake and exercise habit. Japanese women had significantly lower age at menarche and higher proportion of milk consumption habit at junior high school, senior school and present. Before adjustment, Japanese women had significantly higher SOS and SI than Inner Mongolian women. However, after adjustment for age at menarche and milk consumption habit at junior high school, both of which were significantly different between groups, no group-differences remained in either SOS or SI. These results suggest that the differences in age at menarche and milk consumption habit at junior high school, which relate to hormonal and nutritional status during puberty, may account for the differences in bone mass between Japanese and Inner Mongolian young women.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Beneficial effects of taurine on serum lipids in overweight or obese non-diabetic subjects.

Taurine has beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in experimental animals fed with high-cholesterol or high fat diets. Whether taurine benefits lipid metabolism in humans has rarely been investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of taurine on serum lipids in overweight or obese young adults. Thirty college students (age: 20.3+/-1.7 years) with a body mass index (BMI) >/=25.0 kg/m(2), and with no evidence of diabetes mellitus were selected and assigned to either the taurine group (n=15) or the placebo group (n=15) by double-blind randomization. Taurine 3 g/day or placebo was taken orally for 7 weeks. Triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and plasma glucose were measured before and after supplementation. The atherogenic index (AI) was calculated as (TC-HDL-C)/HDL-C. There were no differences in any baseline parameter between the two groups. Taurine supplementation decreased TG and AI significantly. Body weight also reduced significantly in the taurine group. These results suggest that taurine produces a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism and may have an important role in cardiovascular disease prevention in overweight or obese subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effects of taurine supplementation on VDT work induced visual stress.

In order to evaluate the effects of dietary taurine supplementation on visual fatigue induced by visual display terminals (VDT) work, 25 male college students aged from 20 to 24 years who were not engaged in VDT work were selected to participate in the study. Volunteers were randomly assigned to either the taurine supplementation (n=13) or the placebo supplementation control group (n=12). Before and after 12 days of taurine (3 g/day) or placebo supplementation, two identical 2.5-hr VDT work tests were performed while recording the P100, N75 and N145 latencies and P100 amplitude of pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) and the frequency of critical flicker fusion (CFF). Following 2.5-hr of VDT work, the P100 and N75 latencies of PVEP increased ( P<0.01) while the P100 amplitude decreased significantly ( P<0.01). The frequency of CFF also reduced significantly ( P<0.01). After 12 days of taurine supplementation, the reduction in P100 amplitude after VDT work alleviated significantly ( P<0.05). The results suggest that taurine supplementation alleviates visual fatigue induced by VDT work.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Role of taurine supplementation to prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress in healthy young men.

To evaluate the protective effects of taurine supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress and exercise performance, eleven men aged 18-20 years were selected to participate in two identical bicycle ergometer exercises until exhaustion. Single cell gel assay (SCG assay) was used to study DNA damage in white blood cells (WBC). Pre-supplementation of taurine, a significant negative correlation was found between plasma taurine concentration before exercise and plasma thiobaribituric-acid reactive substance (TBARS) 6 hr after exercise (r = -0.642, p<0.05). WBC showed a significant increase in DNA strand breakage 6 hr and 24 hr after exercise. Seven-day taurine supplementation reduced serum TBARS before exercise ( p<0.05) and resulted in a significantly reduced DNA migration 24 hr after exercise ( p<0.01). Significant increases were also found in VO(2)max, exercise time to exhaustion and maximal workload in test with taurine supplementation ( p<0.05). After supplementation, the change in taurine concentration showed positive correlations with the changes in exercise time to exhaustion and maximal workload. The results suggest that taurine may attenuate exercise-induced DNA damage and enhance the capacity of exercise due to its cellular protective properties.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Age-specific values and cutoff levels for the diagnosis of osteoporosis in quantitative ultrasound measurements at the calcaneus with SAHARA in healthy Japanese women: Japanese population-based osteoporosis (JPOS) study.

To establish the reference values of the quantitative ultrasound (QUS) indices in healthy Japanese women and to propose a diagnostic criterion for osteoporosis by means of the QUS indices, 659 healthy women aged 20-79 years recruited from a larger cohort study (JPOS study), were examined for bone mass measurements by QUS at the calcaneus (SAHARA, Hologic Inc., USA) and by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the spine, hip, and distal forearm. We presented 10-year age-specific mean values and T-scores of the QUS indices. The pattern of decrease in the T-score appeared to be linear in the QUS indices and total hip BMD but not in BMD at the spine. The T-score of the QUS of indices of the subjects in their 70s were significantly higher than that of BMD at the spine. The prevalence rates of osteoporosis in the subjects aged 50 and older diagnosed by QUS (8.7% for SOS, 10.7% for BUA) were similar to that diagnosed by total hip BMD (11.5%) and significantly lower than that by the spine BMD (36.1%) when the WHO criteria were applied. We performed receiver-operating characteristic analysis to set a cutoff level of the QUS indices for the diagnosis of osteoporosis to accurately identify the subjects diagnosed by either the spine or total hip BMD. The highest likelihood ratios for SOS and BUA were obtained at the cutoff levels of 1,517.7 m/sec (T-score: -1.58) with the sensitivity of 0.65 and the specificity of 0.65 and 59.5 dB/MHz (T-score: -1.52) with 0.66 and 0.69, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of QUS indices for osteoporosis was not superior to that of age. However, the QUS indices showed a significant contribution to forming the diagnosis of osteoporosis independently of age and body size in multivariate diagnostic models developed by the logistic regression analysis. Therefore, the cutoff values presented in this study may be used as a tentative criterion until the cutoff levels for the QUS indices are set according to the fracture risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A cross-sectional study on association of calcium intake with blood pressure in Japanese population.

To investigate the association of calcium intake independently of other nutrients already known as predictors of hypertension, a cross-sectional study was carried out on the same population in Japan as used for the INTERSALT study. Dietary calcium intake was estimated from a 1-day 24-h recall. Sodium and potassium intakes were evaluated by 24-h urinary excretion. Data from 476 subjects aged 20-59 years, 230 men and 246 women, were analysed. The mean dietary calcium intake ranged from 557 to 608 mg/day among men, and from 528 to 639 mg/day among women. Among men, the pooled estimate of the regression coefficients of blood pressure (mm Hg) per 100 mg increase of calcium intake, adjusted for age and body mass index (BMI), were -0.42 mm Hg for systolic blood pressure (SBP) and -0.35 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but there was no statistical significance. Among women, the pooled estimates of regression coefficients adjusted for age and BMI were -0.92 mm Hg for SBP and -0.83 mm Hg for DBP with statistical significance. After adjustment for age, BMI, alcohol intake and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, the pooled estimate of calcium intake was -0.66 mm Hg for DBP with statistical significance and -0.70 mm Hg for SBP. A significant negative association of calcium intake with blood pressure was observed among the subjects in Osaka. Our study suggests that increased calcium intake may provide a benefit of lowering blood pressure independently of other minerals such as sodium and potassium.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Birth weight, childhood growth, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese aged 20 years.

To determine whether birth weight and childhood growth, especially rate of height increase, are independently related to major cardiovascular disease risk factors in adult life, the authors conducted a 20-year follow-up study in a Japanese population, using the record-linkage method. From medical checkup data for babies and for residents aged 20 years in Ishikawa, Japan, the authors obtained 20-year follow-up data (1985-1994) on 4,626 participants (2,198 men and 2,428 women) born in 1965-1974. Using multiple linear regression analysis, the authors estimated that a 1-standard-deviation higher birth weight was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure that was lower by 1.6 mmHg in men and by 1.0 mmHg in women, and with a serum cholesterol level that was lower by 0.07 mmol/liter in men and by 0.04 mmol/liter in women, after adjustment for current weight and rate of height increase. Moreover, after adjustment for birth weight and current weight, a 1-standard-deviation higher rate of height increase from age 3 years to age 20 years was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure that was lower by 0.7 mmHg in men and by 0.5 mmHg in women, and with serum cholesterol that was lower by 0.09 mmol/liter in men and by 0.05 mmol/liter in women. The results suggest that lower birth weight and lower rate of height increase during childhood are independently associated with increases in blood pressure and serum cholesterol in adult life.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Bone mineral density of the spine, hip and distal forearm in representative samples of the Japanese female population: Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) Study.

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the most important elements for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and screening people with higher risk of fractures. To establish the criterion value of BMD for the diagnosis of osteoporosis and to estimate the prevalence rate of osteoporosis in Japanese women, we performed a Japanese population-based osteoporosis (JPOS) study. The subjects were 4550 women aged 15 through 79 years randomly selected from seven municipalities throughout Japan. The sample size was determined to ensure that the observed mean BMD would remain within 2.5% from the real value with a probability of 0.95 in each of the 5-year age groups. The study comprised bone mass measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the spine (L2-4), hip and distal forearm, body size measurements and detailed interviews on medical and gynecologic history. After excluding those subjects with apparent or suggested abnormalities affecting bone mass from 3985 women (87.6%) who completed the study, 3465 women remained and served as the subjects. We present 5-year age-specific mean values of BMD and cut-off values for the diagnosis of osteoporosis according to World Health Organization (WHO) and the Japanese Society of Bone and Mineral Research (JSBMR) criteria. The cut-off levels at the spine and the distal radius proposed in this study were similar to those proposed by the JSBMR but the cut-off level at the femoral neck in this study was 4.7% higher than that of the JSBMR. The prevalence rates of osteoporosis according to WHO criteria in the present subjects aged 50 through 79 years were calculated as 38.0% at the spine, 11.6% at the femoral neck and 56.8% at the distal one-third site of the radius, and those in the Japanese female population of the same age were estimated to be 35.1%, 9.4% and 51.2%, respectively. A fivefold difference was observed among the prevalence rates at different skeletal sites, which suggests that the different definitions of osteoporosis should be established for the different skeletal sites. The prevalence rate diagnosed at the femoral neck seemed to be lower in the present study than those reported for Caucasians. This might account for a lower incidence rate of hip fracture in Japanese women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2001

Socioeconomic differences in behavioural and biological risk factors: a comparison of a Japanese and an English cohort of employed men.

BACKGROUND: To compare socioeconomic differences in behavioural and biological risk factors in Japanese and English 39-59-year-old employed men. METHODS: We measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio and fibrinogen at medical screenings and smoking and alcohol consumption in health questionnaires among Japanese non-manual and manual employees of a steel products company and among English non-manual employees working in Civil Service departments. RESULTS: In England, higher employment grades were advantaged with regard to most risk factors studied. In Japan the picture was different in that higher grades had higher BMI, waist-to-hip-ratio and lower HDL cholesterol. In Japan employment grade differences in these three risk factors are clearly larger among younger men than among older men, while in England age differentials in the grade differences are small. Similar results were obtained for education. CONCLUSIONS: Important differences in the social patterning of risk factors were observed in our cohorts of employed Japanese and English men. The contribution that these risk factors make in explaining social differences in health may vary accordingly. Studies that identify the common and unique determinants of socioeconomic health differences in different populations are needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Study of remanent magnetization of the human body: lung and liver tissues].

In this study, we used lung and liver tissue specimens distracted from tissue to investigate remanant magnetization, and found that specimens with a volume of 6 mm3 had an intensity of 10(-10) Am2, which was significantly stronger than the noise level of the superconducting magnetometer. This finding indicates that both lung and liver tissues contain magnetic materials. We speculated that biological magnetite is the magnetic material in these tissues. In addition, we found that lung tissue specimens with strong magnetization had correspondingly strong magnetized findings in the liver tissue specimens. In a comparison of magnetization in lung cancer tissue specimens and normal lung tissue, no significant relationship was noted, but two of the lung cancer tissue specimens showed strong magnetization. The number of lung cancer specimens studies was insufficient to investigate the relation between the magnetization (accumulation of magnetic materials) and lung cancer, and further studies are necessary. The magnetic properties of two lung cancer tissue specimens showing strong magnetization were further investigated, and an alternating field demagnetization experiment showed that their magnetization was composed of a unit stable vector, which indicates that the lung tissue may have been magnetized after the accumulation of magnetic materials. The Wohlfarth ratio (Moskowitz et al., 1989) of them was less than 0.5, which suggests that magnetic materials are distributed in clusters in lung tissue.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

The relationship between new stroke onset and serum thiocyanate as an indicator to cigarette smoking.

The case subjects were 67 stroke patients (27 males and 40 females, mean age 65.7+/-7.1), who suffered from stroke attack and had participated in annual medical check-up between 1987 and 1988 at Oyabe Public Health Center. The controls, which were adjusted for sex, age and blood pressure level with the case subjects, were selected from participants attending their annual medical check-up in 1987-1988. The serum thiocyanate level of case subjects were significantly higher than that of controls (p<0.05). The usefulness of measurement of serum thiocyanate level as an indicator of smoking status was assessed by using multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for body mass index, mean blood pressure, and serum cholesterol was found. An odds ratio of 3.00 (95% confidence interval: 1.06-8.48, p<0.05) in cerebral infarction. It is considered that serum thiocyanate may be useful as an indicator of smoking status to assess the relationship with stroke onset, especially for cerebral infarction.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2000

Reference data of forearm bone mineral density in healthy Japanese male and female subjects in the second decade based on calendar age and puberty onset: Japanese Population Based Osteoporosis (JPOS) study.

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem in Japan. The second decade is an important period in which to attain a high peak bone mass. However, normal values of forearm bone mineral density (BMD) are not well known in children and adolescents. BMD at one-third of forearm length proximal to the ulnar end plate (BMD1/3) and the ultradistal forearm (BMDud) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 1207 (631 males, 576 females) Japanese subjects aged 9-18 years. Puberty onset was assessed by questionnaire, by obtaining the time that pubic hair appeared in males and the time that menstruation started in females. BMD1/3 and BMDud increased steadily with age in males. In relation to puberty development, these parameters also increased after puberty onset although the increase in BMD1/3 was not statistically significant after the fifth year from puberty onset and that of BMDud was not significant after the sixth year from puberty onset. BMD1/3 and BMDud increased with age and then plateaued in females. The increase in BMD1/3 was not statistically significant after 15-16 years of age and that of BMDud was not significant after 13-14 years of age. In relation to puberty development, the increase in BMD1/3 leveled out after the fourth year from puberty onset and that of BMDud also plateaued after the third year from puberty onset. We provide reference values of forearm BMD in Japanese children and adolescents by DXA according to calendar age and puberty development. Peak bone mass of the forearm may be in the late second decade in Japanese females.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2000

Trends in stroke incidence and acute case fatality in a Japanese rural area : the Oyabe study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke mortality in Japan has significantly declined during recent decades. To determine the cause of this decrease, we studied the trends in stroke incidence and case fatality within 28 days after stroke in a rural area in Japan. METHODS: We used a population-based registry during 1977-1991 in Oyabe, a rural area in the central part of Japan. The average population aged 25 years and older numbered 32 859 persons. Changes in age-standardized stroke incidence rate were calculated and compared between the 3 periods 1977-1981, 1982-1986, and 1987-1991. The 28-day case fatality rate was evaluated and also compared between the 3 periods by onset year. RESULTS: The total number of strokes was 2068. The age-standardized incidence rate of all strokes decreased during the 15-year period, from 605 to 417 per 100 000 in men and from 476 to 329 per 100 000 in women. A marked decline was found during 1977-1986 but was not apparent during 1987-1991. Moreover, there was an increase in the group aged 75 years and older. The 28-day case fatality rates for all strokes improved from 18.0% to 14.2% in men and from 26.8% to 19.1% in women during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that declines in the stroke incidence and the 28- day case fatality have been associated with a marked decrease in stroke-related mortality in Japan.

Acute Disease↗