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Biomedical subjects

S Kakurai

Publications and source records attributed to S Kakurai.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Duration of effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

Pulmonary rehabilitation has been reported to be effective in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To investigate the effect of a moderate period of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in elderly patients with COPD, we instituted pulmonary rehabilitation for 60 weeks in five elderly patients (age: 65.4 +/- 3.7 SE years). IMT was performed for 15 min twice daily using a pressure threshold device. The inspiratory threshold was set at 15% of the maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) of each individual. Maximal peak flow significantly increased from 3.0 +/- 0.6 (L/s) at baseline to 4.1 +/- 0.7 (L/s) after 12 weeks (p < 0.02) and was maintained at that level for 60 weeks. PImax increased significantly from 49.9 +/- 6.4 cmH2O at baseline to 67.3 +/- 3.0 cmH2O after 12 weeks (p < 0.05) and to 72.8 +/- 3.5 cmH2O (p < 0.02) after 60 weeks of rehabilitation. The 10-minute walking distance increased from 666.6 +/- 55.0 to 764.0 +/- 49.9 m (p < 0.05) after 12 weeks and was maintained at the same level. We conclude that pulmonary rehabilitation combined with IMT improves pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength in elderly patients with COPD between for 12 weeks after commencement, but occurs that no significant increase on lung function or 10-minute walking distance from 12 to 60 weeks. Respiratory muscle strength may further increase after 60 weeks.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1997

[The effects of pulmonary rehabilitation combined with inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

It has been suggested that pulmonary rehabilitation compined with inspiratory muscle training (IMT) might improve pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To test this hypothesis, inspiratory muscle strength (PImax), expiratory muscle strength (PEmax) and resting pulmonary function were measured in 13 elderly patients with COPD (aged 70.3 +/- 2.7 years). Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) was performed for 15 min twice a day, using a pressure threshold device, for a total of 12 weeks. The inspiratory threshold was set at 15% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) for each individual. Pulmonary rehabilitation was performed for 12-h sessions over a 12-week period. Patients with COPD were assigned randomly to two groups: pulmonary rehabilitation combined with IMT (group A) (n = 7), and conventional pulmonary rehabilitation only (group B) (n = 6). Functional residual capacity (FRC) decreased significantly from 4.3 +/- 0.4 L at baseline to 3.9 +/- 0.4 L after rehabilitation (p < 0.01), Vp significantly increased from 4.6 +/- 0.8 L/sec at baseline to 5.1 +/- 0.7 L/sec after rehabilitation (p < 0.05) and the PImax increased significantly from 51.5 +/- 5.4 cmH2O at baseline to 80.9 +/- 7.0 cmH2O after rehabilitation (p < 0.02) in group A. However, these variables did not change in group B. There was no improvement in the 10-minutes walking distance of group A, but there was a significant increase in that of group B. It can be concluded that pulmonary rehabilitation combined with IMT improves pulmonary function and inspiratory muscle strength in elderly patients with COPD.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Clinical experiences with a convertible thermoplastic knee-ankle-foot orthosis for post-stroke hemiplegic patients.

As rehabilitation for post-stroke hemiplegic patients has become widely accepted practice, there has been an increase in patients who are more difficult to treat. In the prescription rationale of orthoses for hemiplegics, the knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) for the lower limb has generally been underestimated because of its inhibitory effect on the normal walking pattern and also its interference with gait training. The authors had an experience of 28 hemiplegics with severe physical impairments who were fitted with a convertible plastic KAFO. Among these patients, there were 11 cases in which the KAFO was replaced by an ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) within 1.5 to 8 months (average 4 months) following initial prescription when they were able to control their knee actively. Ambulatory capability in these patients was superior to that of the remaining KAFO group. The Barthel index of the AFO group patients was higher than the KAFO group (p < 0.01). However neither age, sex, severity of hemiplegia, starting time of rehabilitation following onset of stroke, time of fitting with the orthosis, nor the functional recovery stage were critical factors between the two groups, only the incidence of major complications affected ambulatory capability.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative gait evaluation of hip diseases using principal component analysis.

The measurement of five gait parameters, namely, joint angular displacement of lower extremities, floor reaction forces, trajectory for a point of force application, temporal factor and distance factor has been performed with ease and high speed using mini-computer on-line real-time processing. Gait data of 211 patients with hip diseases was normalized, quantified and summarized by the principal component analysis. A 'gait evaluation plane' was formed according to the results obtained by the principal component analysis. The gait evaluation using the plane was compared with clinical conditions of patients, and it was evident that this system can evaluate the recovery of the gait by treatment.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

The TC double socket above-knee prosthesis.

The conventional total contact suction AK prosthesis presents several disadvantages, such as difficulty in wearing the socket in a sitting position, difficulty in obtaining a favourable disposition of the stump soft tissues in the socket and difficulty in avoiding stump perspiration problems. In an attempt to solve these disadvantages, a new AK prosthesis with a thermoplastic double socket was developed at the Tokyo Metropolitan Rehabilitation Center for the Physically and Mentally Handicapped. The double socket is composed of an external socket attached to the lower parts and a detachable internal socket, and appears to solve all the disadvantages of the conventional prosthesis. This prosthesis is called the TC prosthesis, and abbreviation for the Tokyo Metropolitan Rehabilitation Center. The first model of this prosthesis, (TC-1) has a metal valve. A new rubber sheet valve was developed to solve several disadvantages of the metal valve in the TC-2 prosthesis. Since November 1978 the TC-1 has been fitted to 295 AK amputees, including 9 bilateral AK amputees, and since March 1980, 145 AK amputees have received the TC-2, including 6 bilateral amputees. Satisfactory results have been obtained with both prostheses.

Amputation Stumps↗
PubMed1979

Locomotion of the hemipelvectomy amputee.

A locomotion study was performed on a hemipelvectomy amputee wearing a prosthesis. The experimental arrangement described in this paper, combining joint motion developed during walking, a computer analysis of the force pattern between the foot and ground and plotting of pressure point on the foot print, has enabled detailed investigation with demonstration of several abnormal features in the prosthetic gait of a hemipelvectomy amputee.

Adult↗