PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Karvonen

Publications and source records attributed to S Karvonen.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Bar coding--a functional tool in survey research.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess the value of bar coding, together with developed microcomputer programs, as a tool to speed up mailing and handling of return responses of a survey where over 4000 adolescents received a mailed questionnaire. DESIGN: Bar codes were used for displaying the identification number of a questionnaire, as well as each response alternative and number of the question. These bar codes were read by a wand, a handhold scanner, connected to a microcomputer and the data were automatically entered into a computer data file. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Compared with previous similar surveys, the use of bar codes did not seem to affect a manner of responding. Bar coding saved human steps in handling of return responses, reduced an error rate, and helped to control the process of work. Bar coding is recommended as a new technical tool for preparations of future large scale surveys.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed1976

Arterial and venous blood lidocaine concentrations after local anaesthesia of the respiratory tract using an ultrasonic nebulizer.

Arterial and venous blood lidocaine concentrations were intermittently measured in 15 bronchoscopy patients in whom local anaesthesia was induced by an inhalation technique. A DeVillbiss ultrasonic nebulizer model 3574 was used. The anaesthetic was 10 ml of 4% lidocaine without adrenaline. Blood concentrations were measured 5 min after commencement of inhalation, on completion of inhalation, and then after 10, 30 and 60 min. Statistically significantly higher concentrations were found in the arterial blood at the first two sampling times (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05, respectively). The highest average concentration in both arterial and venous blood eas reached 10 min after completion of anaesthesia. After 30 min, there was no difference between the arterial and venous samples; and after 60 min, the concentration was higher in venous blood. The highest individual concentration was 2.8 mug/ml in arterial blood and 2.1 mug/ml in venous blood, well below that reported to cause systemic toxic symptoms. Thus, the inhalation technique may be considered a safe means of inducing anaesthesia in the respiratory tract.

Adult↗