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Biomedical subjects

S Kenny

Publications and source records attributed to S Kenny.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Proteinuria and mortality in diabetes: the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes.

The relation between proteinuria and mortality was investigated in 1188 patients with Type 1 diabetes and 3234 patients with Type 2 diabetes, aged 35-55 at baseline and followed up for a mean of 9.4 +/- 3.1 years in the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Baseline prevalence of light or heavy proteinuria was the same (25%) in both types of diabetes after adjustment for differences in diabetes duration. Compared with patients with no proteinuria, all cause mortality ratios were 1.5 (95% confidence interval 1.1-2.0) and 2.9 (2.2-3.8) for Type 1 patients with light and heavy proteinuria, respectively, and 1.5 (1.2-1.8) and 2.8 (2.3-3.4) for Type 2 patients, after adjustment for age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, cholesterol, and smoking. Proteinuria was associated with significantly increased mortality from renal failure, cardiovascular disease, and all other causes of death. In both types of diabetes, the association was strongest for renal deaths, and of similar magnitude for cardiovascular and all other causes of death. In conclusion, proteinuria is a common, important, and rather non-specific risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in diabetes. The relation of proteinuria to mortality is similar for both types of diabetes. The benefits and risks of proteinuria reduction should be examined in large randomized trials with clinical endpoints.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

New home-delivered training prospects for people with disabilities.

The 'Home-Delivered Training Project' set out to test the viability of providing training in Information Technology to people with physical disabilities in their homes, using computers and modem links. The course included core modules on business applications software and optional modules on more specialist applications. The computer-based approach to instruction included computerized monitoring of student progress, the provision of on-line tutorial support as well as computerized test administration and marking. The 20 course participants, who lived in locations throughout Ireland, were unable to attend conventional training centres because of their limited mobility or other restrictions arising from their disabilities. They differed considerably in terms of disability type, educational qualifications and experience with computers. All but one of them completed the course successfully and were awarded certificates which are recognized in Ireland and the United Kingdom. Overall, they were very positive about the course, mainly because they could undertake it in their homes at a flexible pace to suit their learning patterns and the requirements of their disabilities. They recognized, however, that studying at home required a self-disciplined study routine which was not always easy to maintain. The fact that they were awarded an internationally recognized qualification on completion of the course was an important motivating factor, as it made the course relevant in terms of their employment aspirations.

Accreditation↗
PubMed1993

A follow-up study of diabetic Oklahoma Indians. Mortality and causes of death.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the mortality rates and causes of death for diabetic Oklahoma Indian adults by sex and age. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a cohort follow-up study with baseline examination between 1972-1980 and the mortality follow-up between 1986 and 1989. Mean follow-up time was 10 +/- 4 yr. A quasi-random sample of 1012 (379 men and 633 women) NIDDM American Indians in Oklahoma was performed. Mean age was 52 yr and duration was 7 yr at baseline. Mean degree of Indian blood was 92% (77% full blood). At follow-up, 548 (54%) were alive, 452 (45%) were decreased, and 12 (1%) could not be traced. RESULTS: Death certificates were obtained and coded (ICD-9) for 439 (97%) of the deceased. Mean annual mortality rates were 4.99% for men and 4.17% for women, with an increasing trend with age for both sexes. Compared with the general population of Oklahoma, the observed/expected ratios for number of deaths were 2.92 for men and 4.09 for women (P < 0.0001). The three leading causes of death were circulatory disease (38%), diabetes (24%), and malignant neoplasms (12%). CONCLUSIONS: There is an excessively high mortality among diabetic Oklahoma Indians compared with the general population in the state and with diabetic patients in other populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Effects of secretin and caerulein on enzymes of cultured pancreatic acinar cells.

We examined the effects of secretin (0 to 200 nM) and caerulein (0 to 100 nM) on rat pancreatic acinar cells cultured 0 to 48 h in serum-free medium. The effects of 100 nM secretin with 1 nM caerulein were also studied because secretin may potentiate the effects of caerulein. Cellular and media (secreted) lipase and amylase were analyzed as were cellular DNA and protein content. Cellular lipase and amylase activities significantly decreased (P less than 0.0001) over time in all treatment groups, whereas media amylase and lipase significantly increased (P less than 0.0001). Neither secretin nor caerulein affected cellular lipase or media amylase. However, secretin significantly increased (P less than 0.04) and caerulein tended to increase (P less than 0.08) media lipase in a dose-dependent manner. At 12 h, 10 nM secretin maximally increased media lipase (58%) suggesting that cultured acinar cells remain responsive to secretin in vitro. Caerulein, at all concentrations, significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) cellular amylase but exhibited a dose-dependent effect only at 24 h when 100 nM caerulein maximally decreased cellular amylase (34%). Secretin (100 nM) did not alter these effects of caerulein. These results support the proposed role of caerulein in the regulation of amylase but not a direct role of secretin in the regulation of lipase.

Amylases↗
PubMed1990

Localization by mutational analysis of transcription factor binding sequences in the U3 region of Rous sarcoma virus LTR.

The transcription factor binding sequences in the U3 region of Rous Sarcoma virus LTR have been determined by gel retardation assays using mutant synthetic oligonucleotides. The results indicate that the factor, E2BP, specifically binds to sequences TGCAATAC and TGCAACAT, which are localized between nucleotides -222 to -215 and -203 to -196, respectively. This factor is present at elevated levels in avian QT6 cells compared to mouse 3T3 and rat 2 tk- cells. E2BP binds to a sequence that is similar or identical to the sequence recognized by rat liver C/EBP. However, the two proteins are different as judged by three criteria: (i) the E2BP complex migrates slightly faster than the E2-C/EBP complex; (ii) antibodies against C/EBP neither inhibit binding of E2BP nor form a supercomplex which migrates slower than the complex formed with the factor alone; and (iii) E2BP is heat labile whereas C/EBP is heat stable. Another factor, E3BP, which binds to a sequence from -169 to -158, in the U3 region is also detected mainly in QT6 cells but not in mouse or rat cells. These results suggest that different cell-specific factors interact with different cis-acting regulatory sequences in the U3 region of RSV LTR.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Telework as an employment option for people with disabilities.

This feasibility study, based on intensive casework, examined the potential of home-based teleworking arrangements for people with severe physical disabilities. Eleven teleworking arrangements, each involving a unique combination of work, working conditions and worker characteristics, were set up in different parts of Ireland and monitored over periods ranging from 6 to 18 months. Eight were still operational at the end of the project and, with one exception, were set to continue as longer-term arrangements. Outcomes from this action-research project suggest that teleworking is a feasible form of employment for such persons--provided care is taken over selection of workers, identification of work that is suited to the telework format and management of telework units by employers. They also suggest that teleworking arrangements can be quite flexible, ranging from examples in which work is performed mainly from home to those which combine home-based activity with varying degrees of conventional office-based activity. It is concluded that telework will create new opportunities for people with severe disabilities, as well as enabling others who become disabled during employment to retain their jobs. However, it is important that workers are appropriately trained in the use of computers and advanced telecommunications and, in many cases, home-delivered training is required.

Adult↗