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Biomedical subjects

S Kin

Publications and source records attributed to S Kin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Ischemic preconditioning improves cardiac functional recovery following preservation with University of Wisconsin solution.

Single or multiple brief periods of regional or global ischemia and reperfusion prior to a prolonged ischemic insult showed cardioprotective effects. Although this phenomenon (ischemic preconditioning [IPC]) has been described in ischemic reperfusion models, the effect of IPC on heart preservation has not been previously reported. We, thus, investigated the effect of IPC on heart preservation. Hearts isolated from male Wistar rats (250-350 g) were mounted on a Langendorff apparatus to estimate baseline function (aortic flow, coronary flow, cardiac output, heart rate, systolic pressure, and rate pressure product). All hearts were divided into 5 groups. In groups 1 and 4, the hearts were subjected to 8 and 12 hr of preservation, respectively. The hearts in group 2 were subjected to a single 2.5-minute cycle of normothermic global ischemic episode (IPC) before 8 hr of preservation. In groups 3 and 5, the hearts were subjected to two 2.5-min IPC cycles and stored for 8 or 12 hr. The hearts were arrested with University of Wisconsin solution and stored at 4 degrees C. Following storage, the hearts were reperfused and measured postpreservative function to assess cardiac functional recovery. Lactate and troponin-T leakage in the coronary perfusate was also measured. In group 3, the treatment of two 2.5-min IPC cycles significantly increased cardiac output, but the treatment of single 2.5-min IPC cycle did not affect the result. In the extended preservation group (group 5), the recovery (%) of both coronary flow and cardiac output were significantly increased compared with group 4. Furthermore, lactate leakage was significantly reduced in groups 2 and 3. These results suggest that IPC improves cardiac functional recovery following simple cold storage and has cardioprotective effects in rat heart preservation.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1995

[A case of granulomatous orchitis].

A 69-year-old man complained of a painless left scrotal swelling. The scrotal mass was enlarged to a hen's egg size with a smooth surface. The scrotal ultrasonogram showed diffuse hypoechogenicity. A testicular tumor was suspected and left high orchiectomy was performed. Histopathological diagnosis was granulomatous orchitis.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

[Alteration of drinking pattern after the entrance of university].

Three hundred fifty-nine freshmen and freshwomen of Tokai University and Tamagawa University were examined for alcohol habituelle using questionnaires on life style and club activity as well as the established questionnaires of the Adolescent Alcohol Involvement scale (AAIS). The scores of AAIS of the male and female students were 30.6 and 27.7, respectively. About 10% of the subjects were revealed to be alcohol misusers. In both sexes, the drinking patterns remarkably changed after the entrance of university. Even in females, the drinking pattern markedly changed. The grade of club activity is one of factors influencing the drinking pattern of students. Especially big changes were observed in the students of cultural clubs.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Endocrinologic and biophysical responses to prolonged (24-hour) hypoxemia in fetal goats.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to observe some fetal endocrinologic and biophysical responses to prolonged (24-hour) nonacidemic hypoxemia in fetal goats. STUDY DESIGN: Endocrinologic and biophysical changes during continuous infusion of nitrogen into the maternal trachea were examined in six chronically instrumented goat fetuses at 123 to 131 days' gestation. We measured arginine vasopressin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine as endocrinologic parameters and fetal heart rate, fetal blood pressure, and fetal breathing movements as biophysical parameters. RESULTS: Fetal arterial PO2 declined from 25.1 +/- 2.1 mm Hg at baseline to 16.8 +/- 0.9 mm Hg at 1 hour of hypoxemia and remained at this level (p < 0.05). Arginine vasopressin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and epinephrine initially rose in response to hypoxic stress, gradually declined, and by 24 hours were not significantly different from control values. Cortisol and norepinephrine remained significantly elevated through the experiments. Fetal breathing movements as a percentage of total time were 34.9% +/- 1.2% at baseline, 12.9% +/- 3.7% at 1 hour, and 70% to 80% of control values from 4 hours. Fetal heart rate was significantly reduced for the first 10 minutes, then progressively became tachycardiac thereafter. Systolic fetal blood pressure was significantly elevated for only 30 minutes. CONCLUSION: Arginine vasopressin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and epinephrine of the endocrinologic parameters and fetal heart rate, fetal blood pressure, and fetal breathing movements are normalized during prolonged nonacidemic hypoxemia in fetal goats.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1993

Heterotopic autotransplantation of a pancreas segment with enteric drainage after total or subtotal pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis.

Four patients with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and one patient with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis, who had total or subtotal distal pancreatectomies for persistent pain, underwent simultaneous autotransplantation of a pancreas segment to preserve the pancreatic function. The segment was autotransplanted heterotopically to the iliac fossa with anastomosis of the splenic vessels to the iliac vessels to prevent reinnervation, and the pancreatic duct was anastomosed to the intestine to preserve exocrine function. Postoperatively, the patency of the graft vessels was confirmed by angiography in every patient. Complete pain relief has been obtained in all patients with a followup duration of 4-89 mo. Except for one patient who had been treated preoperatively with insulin injections for diabetes, the patients remained normoglycemic without exogenous insulin administration and demonstrated satisfactory insulin secretion during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. An exocrine pancreatic diagnostant test using p-aminobenzoic acid yielded nearly similar levels to the preoperative value for all patients. Heterotopic autotransplantation of the pancreas segment appears to be effective for preserving pancreatic function, as well as providing permanent pain relief for patients with chronic pancreatitis who require extensive resection of the pancreas.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Pituitary non adenomatous tumor (Rathke's cleft cyst)].

Rathke's cleft cyst is one of many kinds of pituitary non-adenomatous tumors. Rathke's cleft cysts were evidenced by surgery in 7 cases from 7 to 87 years old. After the era of CT scan and MRI some cases were found incidentally after the head injury. Symptoms and signs of cases with Rathke's cleft cyst were headache, visual disturbances and/or diabetes insipidus. The lesion was high density on plain CT images and showed no-enhancement. The lesion on 2/3 cases showed high intensity on T1 weighted images and the others low. The lesion in half showed iso-intensity on T2 weighted images and in other half high intensity. The stalk was deviated to lateral side in a case. Half lesion was in the sella and half was in supra-sellar region. The cyst was present in both intra-sellar and supra-sellar region in a case and showed a dumb-bell type. There are three approaches for removal of Rathke's cleft cyst. Hardy's transnasal approach was used on intrasellar type. The trans-Sylvian or anterior trans-interhemispheric approach was used on supra-sellar type. Content in the cyst was evacuated totally, and the cyst wall was removed as much as possible. However, the stalk should be protected from damage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Successful 96-Hr cold-storage preservation of canine pancreas with UW solution containing the thromboxane A2 synthesis inhibitor OKY046.

Prostanoids, such as prostacyclin (PGI) and thromboxane A2 (TxA), have been recently suggested to play an important role in preservation-induced injury of pancreas grafts. We have previously shown that the TxA synthesis inhibitor OKY046 prevents a decrease of both the PGI/TxA ratio and blood flow in pancreas grafts after 24-hr preservation with Euro-Collins solution. In our present study, we analyzed whether OKY046 added to University of Wisconsin (UW) solution could extend successful cold-storage preservation of segmental canine pancreas grafts, compared with UW alone. We divided 30 dogs into four preservation groups: Group 1, UW solution for 72 hr (n = 7); Group 2, UW solution for 96 hr (n = 8); Group 3, UW solution plus OKY046 (10(-4) M) for 72 hr (n = 7); and Group 4, UW solution plus OKY046 (10(-4) M) for 96 hr (n = 8). After the cold storage period, segmental pancreas auto-transplantation with immediate completion pancreatectomy was done. Preservation was deemed successful if serum glucose less than 150 mg/dl was maintained for at least 5 days. Intravenous glucose tolerance tests and biopsies were done in those dogs with functioning grafts 14 days post-transplant. Successful preservation rates were as follows: Group 1, 57.1%; Group 2, 12.5%; Group 3, 100%; and Group 4, 75%. The mean K values (+/- standard error) were: Group 1, 1.54 +/- 0.13; Group 2, 0.59; Group 3, 1.54 +/- 0.14; and Group 4, 1.59 +/- 0.24 (not statistically different).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine↗
PubMed1992

Heterotopic autotransplantation of the distal pancreas segment after total pancreatectomy for cancer of the head of the pancreas.

Autotransplantation of the distal pancreas segment with pancreaticojejunostomy was performed in four patients with cancer of the head of the pancreas to preserve endocrine pancreatic function after extended total pancreatectomy. All patients had tumor involvement of both the celiac axis and the portal vein. The pancreatic graft was determined to be cancer-free by frozen section histologic and pancreatic juice cytologic examinations. The distal pancreas segment was autotransplanted to the iliac vessels heterotopically and placed in the extraperitoneal pocket to avoid untoward effects of any local recurrence or pancreatic leakage. This procedure, in the form of reconstruction, might be called modified subtotal pancreatoduodenectomy. Postoperatively, all patients remained normoglycemic without exogenous insulin administration, and their quality of life was considered satisfactory.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[The inhibitory effects of glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid on the metabolism of cortisol and prednisolone--in vivo and in vitro studies].

This experiment was carried out to investigate the inhibitory effects of glycyrrhizin and its aglycon, glycyrrhetinic acid, on the metabolism of cortisol and prednisolone in vivo and in vitro. The effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on the metabolism of cortisol were examined in vitro using rat and bovine liver homogenate. Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits both hepatic delta 4-5-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in the decrease of conversion of cortisol to cortisone, dihydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisol in rats. The concentrations of glycyrrhetinic acid inducing 50% inhibition of rat liver delta 4-5-reductase and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were 2.5 x 10(-6) M and 8.5 x 10(-6) M, respectively. Glycyrrhetinic acid also inhibits bovine liver 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in the decrease of conversion of cortisol to dihydrocortisol and prednisolone to 20-dihydroprednisolone. The concentrations of this drug inducing 50% inhibition of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were 8.2 x 10(-6) M and 6.5 x 10(-6) M, respectively. This is the first report which demonstrates the marked inhibitory effects of glycyrrhetinic acid on 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in vitro. The effects of glycyrrhizin on the rate of metabolism of cortisol as well as prednisolone were studied in 23 patients with or without adrenal insufficiency. Glycyrrhizin had no effect on diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol in 7 control subjects with normal pituitary adrenal axis, whereas glycyrrhizin significantly increased the half-time (T 1/2) and area under the curve (AUC) for plasma cortisol in 4 patients with adrenocortical insufficiency taking oral cortisol. Glycyrrhizin also increased T 1/2 and AUC for plasma prednisolone in 12 patients taking an oral prednisolone for at least 3 months. These results indicate that the suppression of hepatic delta 4-5-reductase, 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 20-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid may delay the clearance of cortisol and prednisolone and prolong the biological half-life of cortisol or prednisolone.

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed1990

[Diffusion imaging using three orthogonal diffusion encoding gradients].

A new pulse sequence for in vivo diffusion measurements by magnetic resonance imaging is introduced. The proposed sequence employed gradient sensitization in three orthogonal directions to accentuate the effects of diffusion. The amplitudes and durations of the diffusion encoding gradients were carefully selected to achieve optimal signal-to-noise ratio in diffusion imaging. The pulse sequence was implemented on a superconducting whole body imager operating at 1.5 T. The self-diffusion coefficient of water in a bottle was measured to be 2.17 +/- 0.089 X 10(-9) m2/sec at 23 degrees C consistent with other previous measurements. A preclinical study with a human volunteer was also performed and results were presented.

Brain↗
PubMed1990

[The significance of cGMP and dopamine receptor on the natriuretic and hypotensive activities of synthetic atrial natriuretic polypeptide in essential hypertension].

This study was undertaken to clarify the role of dopamine receptor (DA2) on the effects of atrial natriuretic polypeptide(ANP) on blood pressure, plasma and urinary cyclic GMP, and urinary sodium excretion, alpha-human ANP (alpha-hANP) was intravenously administrated to 7 normal subjects and 14 patients with essential hypertension as follows: first a dose of 0.01 micrograms/kg/min for 30 minutes, and then 0.03 micrograms/kg/min with or without metoclopramide(MC) for 30 minutes. After the infusion of the 0.03 micrograms/kg/min dose of alpha-hANP, systolic blood pressure fell from 115 +/- 17 mmHg to 109 +/- 15 mmHg in normal subjects, and fell significantly from 163 +/- 33 mmHg to 145 +/- 26 mmHg in patients with essential hypertension. Diastolic blood pressure fell from 101 +/- 14 mmHg to 92 +/- 7 mmHg in patients with essential hypertension but did not change in normal subjects. A dose of 0.03 micrograms/kg/min of alpha-hANP led to a threefold rise in urine volume and twofold rise in urinary sodium excretion in normal subjects, and a fivefold rise in urine volume and fourfold rise in urinary sodium excretion in patients with essential hypertension. However, there was no relationship between the hypotensive and natriuretic effects of alpha-hANP in either normal subjects or patients with essential hypertensions. The infusion of a 0.03 micrograms/kg/min dose of alpha-hANP increased plasma cyclic GMP concentration from 4.1 +/- 2.1 pmol/ml to 34.3 +/- 25.Opmol/ml in normal subjects and from 4.5 +/- 2.6 pmol/ml to 20.3 +/- 7.4 pmol/ml in patients with essential hypertension. The rise in plasma cyclic GMP by alpha-hANP was suppressed by MC both in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension. Urinary cyclic GMP excretion also increased during the infusion of alpha-hANP, but this effect was not suppressed by MC. Furthermore, plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), which was depressed by alpha-hANP in normal subjects and patients with essential hypertension, was increased by MC. These results suggest that the hypotensive effect of alpha-hANP may depend not only on the natriuretic effect, but also on vasodilatation, the inhibition of aldosterone production or the suppression of the sympathoadrenomedullary system. Cyclic GMP may be produced through the DA2 receptor in vascular tissue but not in the kidney.

Aldosterone↗
PubMed1990

Expression of T-cell receptor (TCR)alpha chain on normal human tonsils and T-cell lymphomas.

We analyzed immunohistologically the expression of T-cell receptor (TCR)alpha chain on human tonsils and on T-cell lymphoma (T-ML) tissues using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. A murine monoclonal antibody alpha F1, specific for the constant region of the TCR alpha chain, was employed. On normal tonsil, alpha F1-positive cells were observed mainly in T-zones and germinal centers. In T-zones, the staining intensities varied markedly, with heavy staining evident in less than one fourth. In germinal centers, a proportion of stained cells showed a histiocytic pattern with small cytoplasmic projections. All the T-ML tissues expressed TCR alpha, whereas the staining intensities varied among cases and among lymphoma cells. No correlations were observed in the expressions of TCR alpha chain and other T-cell markers including CD3, CD4 and CD8.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗