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Biomedical subjects

S Klajman

Publications and source records attributed to S Klajman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Sector-related grey scale analysis of video ultrasound recorded tongue movements in swallowing].

Diseases of the oral cavity, floor of the mouth, and nervous system can be accompanied by disturbances in tongue movement during swallowing. These disturbances can be diagnosed by videosonography whereby the examiner has to evaluate extensive video documentation of lingual motion. It was the aim of this study to facilitate this evaluation by the application of a reproducible computer-assisted quantitative analysis procedure. Video sequences of 56 healthy adults and 19 patients with dysphagias of different etiologies were analysed. A numerical estimation of swallowing movements was carried out in abstraction from the structures imaged (bolus, air, muscles of the tongue, floor of the mouth, hyoid, etc.). Intensity changes of the pixels within previously defined radial image sectors were quantified in relationship to time and depicted as sector curves. The healthy adults demonstrated a characteristic pattern of two motion maxima that appeared within almost all sector curves. These maxima represented bolus transport movements and the reset movement of the tongue. Patients with diseases of the tongue or neuromuscular changes caused by disturbances of the central nervous system showed pathological deviations on videosonography. These appeared as local or general reductions in movement, slow speed motions, repetitive swallowing or unsorted additional movements of the tongue during swallowing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Three-dimensional phonetographic assessment of voice performance in professional and non-professional speakers.

For the assessment of voice performance, three-dimensional (3D) phonetograms were constructed using mean values of vocal pitch, vocal intensity, and phonation time. They were built up for groups of professional and non-professional male and female speakers. The 3D phonetograms of the professional and non-professional groups were projected into one another for the female as well as for the male speakers to facilitate comparison of the professional and non-professional groups. In addition, pitch-related cross-sections of the 3D phonetograms were created. These cross-sections plotted as sequences are useful to evaluate changes in vocal dynamics and phonation time in relation to the course of vocal pitch. In this contribution, it could be demonstrated that the 3D phonetograms of the non-professional groups were completely enclosed by those of the professional groups who developed a greater vocal capacity. Furthermore, the cross-section sequences of the professional groups were obviously longer and broader than those of the non-professional groups. Details of group-specific differences with respect to the examined voice parameters are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Computer-assisted 3D phonetography].

Profiles of fundamental frequency sound pressure levels and voice duration are measured separately in clinical practice. It was the aim of the present study to combine the two examinations, in order to estimate the relationship between pitch, sound pressure level and voice duration and to develop a new computer-assisted graph. A three-dimensional (3D) wireframe phonogram was constructed based on SPL profiles to obtain a general view of the parameters recorded. We have termed this "phonetography". Variable further projections were selected for the analysis of different aspects of parametric relationships. The results in 21 healthy volunteers and 4 patients with hyperfunctional dysphonias demonstrated that there were three typical figures of the 3D phonograms produced, depending on the relationship between voice duration when soft ("piano") compared to loud ("forte"). In one-third of the healthy volunteers, the values of the piano voice duration were greater than those of forte for almost all pitches examined. In two-thirds of the healthy subjects the values of forte voice duration were partly greater, as were those of piano voice duration. All of the patients showed voice duration values greater for forte than for piano. The results of the study demonstrate that the 3D phonogram is a useful tool for obtaining new insights into various relationships of voice parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[MRI examination of laryngeal height during vowel singing].

Larynx height positions were determined in 12 singing students and singers with magnetic resonance imaging. The examinations were carried out during the singing of 9 different pitch and loudness combinations of the vowels /a/, /u/ and /i/. It could be demonstrated that vertical larynx position differences were smaller in professional singers than in students. In 10 of 12 examined volunteers a correlation between raised larynx position and high pitch singing or between lowered larynx position and low pitch singing could be observed in at least one of the examined vowels. Loudness-dependent and vowel-dependent differences of larynx height position could not be identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Functionally determined area changes in the oro-pharyngo-laryngeal vocal tract of singers as shown by magnetic resonance tomography].

The oro-pharyngeal-laryngeal resonating spaces were studied in 12 singers at varying stages of their training by means of medio-sagittal MRI images, and the results were compared. The singers were requested to sing /a/ /u/ and /i/ at various pitches and with increasing loudness. The total oro-pharyngo-laryngeal areas were integrated by means of the MRI sections. The relationship between the oro-pharyngeal and pharyngo-laryngeal areas was determined, as well as their ratio to total area. With increasing volume there was increase in the area of the oro-pharyngeal component with no change in the pharyngo-laryngeal component. The relationship of the partial areas depends on the extent of training of the singer.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[The phasic imaging of velopharyngeal sphincter movements].

The velopharyngeal function while swallowing water was studied on a healthy volunteer patient with velopharyngeal closure and on a patient with velopharyngeal insufficiency. This patient suffers from open hypernasality as a result of shortened velum. Both subjects underwent nasoendoscopy with a flexible fiber glass optical device while swallowing water and while articulating the plosive consonant /k/. Velopharyngeal function was documented by means of videotaping and then the single video images were placed together along a time scale to form a new temporal image. This image makes possible a quick and comprehensive differentiation between physiological and disturbed motion patterns as demonstrated in this study using velopharyngeal function as the example. The videotaping in lapse time of such disordered movements can provide indicators of the therapeutical steps to be taken.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Applications of the "Speech Viewer II" in voice training in vocal cord paralysis].

Referring to traditional therapeutical concepts of vocal fold paralysis a microphone-controlled computer programme was used for voice treatment in 13 patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. 6 of these patients were female, 7 were male. The age ranged from 18 to 72 years (mean: 50 years). The etiology of the paralysis was distributed as follows: post strumectomy (4 cases), post operation of the aortic arch (3 cases), post mediastinoscopy (1 case), post operation of the cervical vertebrae (1 case). 2 cases are not decided yet, 2 are probably idiopathic. The vocal fold dysfunction lasted between 24 hours and 8 years before our first examination, less than 4 weeks in 11 cases. With 1 exception (intermediate) the vocal fold position was classified as paramedian. 8 patients suffered from left, and 5 patients from right vocal fold paralysis. The voice treatment took place with a microphone-controlled speech viewer including an audio capture and playback adapter. 7 of the 15 training modules of the computer programme were chosen to be useful for voice training. Those modules can be differentiated in physical-technical modules showing voice spectra or pitch scales and in object-related modules showing images such as landscapes, animals and others. These programme-specific modules (monitor exercises) were primarily built to train the following voice qualities separately: loudness, pitch, voicing, voice onset, fundamental frequency, sustained phonation etc. Modifying certain therapeutic instructions (see Tables 1 and 2) the monitor exercises were used to improve the coordination of different voice parameters, thus resembling physiological speech.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Temporal reconstruction of sonographic imaging of disturbed tongue movements.

Documentation of tongue movement during swallowing has been restricted to the recording of fluorographic or ultrasound images on cine- or videofilm. The new approach of temporal sonographic imaging with reconstruction of one single image for the total act of swallowing presents a direct approach to obtaining substantial information concerning tongue movements and motility. The applicability of this reconstructed image for the documentation, interpretation, and comparison of tongue movements is demonstrated using examples of normal and pathologic swallowing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Ultrasonography of the tongue in the rehabilitation of speech articulation disorders].

There has been presented a possibility of application of ultrasound examination of the tongue in the diagnosis and phoniatric rehabilitation exemplified by exposing shapes of the lateral surface of the tongue during correct articulation of the Polish vowels and articulatory exercises in the system of visual feedback in a normally hearing child and in a deaf one.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Magnetic resonance tomography and sonography during articulation].

The use of MRI for demonstrating the articulators during phonation by means of a snapshot-FLASH technique has been studied in ten healthy subjects. Unlike ultrasound, which can only demonstrate movement of the tongue during articulation, MRI with snapshot-flash technique provides significant information on all articulators during phonation.

Glottis↗
PubMed1989

[Ultrasound sonography of active and passive tongue motility].

Applying both B- and M-mode sonography, we examined tongue movements during swallowing, during repetitions of identical and changing syllables and during continuous articulation of voiced apical /r/. A pseudo-three-dimensional reconstruction was developed for tongue movements registered in B-mode. Our approach can be easily applied for the evaluation of impaired tongue motility in speech pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Computerized sonographic imaging of tongue motility using pseudo-3 dimensional reconstruction].

A new method for analysis and documentation of tongue movements was used in 24 healthy volunteers. This method enables direct digitalization of the information obtained from sequences of B-Mode pictures. Besides of allowing to further digital evaluation of the findings, it offers the facility of "pseudo 3D"-reconstruction of the tongue movements occurring on swallowing. The method appears to be of particular value for therapy control in neurological and phoniatric patients.

Deglutition↗
PubMed1988

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of the pseudoglottis in laryngectomized patients].

The validity of ultrasonic imaging as a tool for the investigation of pseudoglottal movements was studied in five good to excellent esophageal speakers. The length of pseudoglottis and vibration rate during phonation of vowels was evaluated by means of B-mode and M-mode sonography respectively. The pseudoglottal vibration rate as seen in M-mode sonography was in high agreement with the fundamental frequency of the simultaneously recorded sound as assessed by speech analysis. Ultrasound imaging is a promising diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the control and development of esophageal speech.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Ultrasound study of disorders of coordination in tongue movement in swallowing].

Ultrasound imaging of tongue movements permits real-time observation of swallowing and articulation without risk for the patient. The ultrasound images of the tongue motions were recorded on video-tape and then analyzed frame by frame. We were able to detect regular phases of tongue motion during normal swallowing. Clear deviations from normal motion patterns were found in a patient with anarthria, despite absence of swallowing difficulties in every day life.

Adult↗