Biomedical subjects

S Knipping

Publications and source records attributed to S Knipping.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Basic innervation pattern and distribution of classic autonomic neurotransmitters in human nasal mucosal vasculature.

The neural control of human nasal vasculature is still not completely understood. This study was performed to demonstrate the innervation pattern of the different vessel types and to distinguish between nor-adrenergic and cholinergic structures. General innervation was demonstrated using antibodies to neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein. Autonomic structures were shown by using antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). In addition, choline acetyltransferase (AChe) histochemistry was performed. Nasal vasculature is controlled by a dense innervation that increases with the thickness of the tunica media. While all larger vessels show a mixed autonomic innervation, sympathetic structures seem to predominate in veins. These findings demonstrate that classic neurotransmitters play a major role in the regulation of nasal vasculature. The stronger innervation of arteries and cushion veins underlines their central position in the control of nasal air flow.

Adrenergic Fibers↗

PubMed1995

[Immunohistochemical studies of the neuroanatomy of the human turbinates: innervation pattern of seromucous glands].

Seromucous glands are among the main components of human nasal mucosa. To control the different physiological functions of these glands, a dense nerval network is necessary. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the general innervation of the seromucous glands in nasal mucosa. Tissue samples of inferior human turbinates were fixed and embedded in paraffin wax or frozen. Serial sections were performed and incubated with antibodies either to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) or S-100 protein. The ABC method was employed to demonstrate the immunacomplexes. The sections were counterstained with haemotoxylin. Either NSE and S-100 protein-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found around the acini, ducts and in the connective tissue of the glands. Furthermore, a dense network of fine nerve fibres was detected in the submucosal region. The localisation of neurons in nasal glands confirms the direct nerval control of the diverse glandular functions. Additionally, the sensitive subepithelial network of fine nerve fibres might be involved in the regulation of glandular secretion.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Current immunohistochemical results of localization of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in nasal mucosa of the human].

Besides classic neurotransmitters, neuropeptides seem to participate in the control of human nasal physiology. In this region vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is found in higher concentration than other neuropeptides. The aim of this study was to localize VIP in neuronal and non-neuronal structures of the human nasal mucosa using immunocytochemical techniques. Paraffin and frozen serial sections of the inferior turbinate were incubated with antibodies against neuronspecific enolase (NSE) to demonstrate neuronal structures or against VIP. The immunocomplexes were visualized by the Avidin-Biotin-Complex (ABC)-method. VIP-positive nerve fibers were found around the acinus cells and the ducts of the seromucous glands. These results emphasize the influence of VIP on nasal gland secretion. Few immunoreactions to the VIP were demonstrated in the nerves of the adventitia of veins and arteries. Additionally, by comparing NSE nad VIP localization, strong extranerval immunoreactions in the tunica medica of the arterioles were demonstrated, as were lesser but still visible immunoreactions in the muscular layer of thick veins. These morphological findings in vessels and the well known vasodilatory effect of VIP underline the functions of this neuropeptide on the nasal mucosa in man. Thus, by increasing the blood flow and volume, VIP, in conjunction with other control factors, seems to participate in the physiological processes of the swelling mechanism of nasal turbinates and influence nasal congestion.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Immunohistochemical studies of the occurrence of "calcitonin gene-related peptide" (CGRP) in nasal mucosa of the human].

In addition to classic neurotransmitters, neuropeptides are believed to regulate functions of the nasal mucosa in man. The aim of this study was to localize the vasoactive neurotransmitter calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in different mucosal structures by immunocytochemical methods. Frozen sections of the inferior turbinates from 12 patients were incubated with antibodies to CGRP and immunocomplexes were visualized by the ABC (Avidin-Biotin-Complex) method. CGRP-positive nerve fibers were demonstrated in the adventitia of arteries and arterioles. Immunoreactions were also found in interstitial spaces and around ducts of seromucous glands. Additional immunoreactions were detectable in subepithelial nerves and mast cells. These morphologic findings indicate that CGRP may participate in the transmission of sensory stimuli, in vasoregulation and in allergic reactions. The occurrence of CGRP in the different anatomic structures suggests multiple roles of this neuropeptide in the nasal mucosa of man.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[Immunohistochemical study of the neuroanatomy of the nasal turbinate in man. Innervation pattern of the blood vessels].

The complex vasculature of the human nasal mucosa plays an important role in the protection of the lower respiratory airways. It has to react to different external and internal stimuli and is under control of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of our study was to detect the precise localisation of neural structures in human nasal mucosa vessels under physiological conditions. Silver impregnation and histochemical staining techniques only allowed a partial aspect of autonomic innervation. Modern immunostaining methods with antibodies to neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein proved to be better for the demonstration of nerve structures. Tissue samples were taken from inferior turbinates received at mucotomy in 42 patients. After fixation the samples were embedded in paraffin wax and cut into serial sections. Additionally frozen sections were performed. The immunocomplexes were visualised by the avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) or by the alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP) technique. A high density of S-100 and NSE immunoreactivity of neuronal and glial components of autonomic innervation could be demonstrated in the vessels of human nasal turbinates. Branching off relatively thick nerve bundles of the lamina propria fibres extended to the adventitia of the arteries near the periost and formed a periarterial nerve plexus. Fibres of this plexus supplied the smooth muscle tissue of the tunica media. Around veins only a few single nerve fibres could be demonstrated. By using immunocytochemical techniques it is possible to correlate the localisation of the classical neurotransmitters and multiple vasoactive neuropeptides with the corresponding innervation structures of the complex vasculature in human nasal mucosa.

Adult↗