PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Kohn

Publications and source records attributed to S Kohn.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Endothelial injury of capillaries in the stria vascularis of guinea pigs treated with cisplatin and gentamicin.

The drugs cisplatin and gentamicin are used for treatment of various cancer patients suffering from infection. The authors report a detailed electron microscopic study of blood vessels in stria vascularis of guinea pigs after treatment with cisplatin alone and in combination with gentamicin. The most distinctive features expressing endothelial cellular injury were mitochondrial, including occasional paracrystalline inclusions; electron-lucent foci with depleted organelles; intracytoplasmic vacuole formations; lipid bodies; cytoplasmic extrusions located on the luminal surface; and severe luminal constriction of part of the vessels from animals treated with the combined drugs. The study suggests that the damage to strial capillaries due to treatment with cisplatin alone and in combination with gentamicin may contribute to the injurious effects of these drugs on the strial tissue. Furthermore, the results of this study may enlarge the awareness of the potential vascular damage and vascular complications in additional body systems after medical use of cisplatin alone or in combination with gentamicin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender and ethnic differences in health behaviors and risk factors for coronary disease among urban teenagers: the PATH program.

OBJECTIVE: To assess gender and ethnic differences among teenagers in heart health behaviors, risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), and cardiovascular fitness. DESIGN: Observations consist of cross-sectional data collected prior to a school-based health promotion intervention program. PARTICIPANTS: Teenage girls (N = 865) and boys (N = 497) from three New York City high schools. The ethnic composition of this sample was 20% Asian-American, 40% African-American, 25% Hispanic, and 15% white. METHOD: Subjects were compared on the following: height, weight, body mass index, percentage body fat, total cholesterol, blood pressure, heart health knowledge, family history, socioeconomic status, dietary habits, smoking, physical activity, and estimated aerobic capacity. Differences were assessed with independent t tests, analysis of variance, and chi-square statistical techniques. RESULTS: Compared with girls, boys were more active and had higher estimated aerobic capacity, higher systolic blood pressure, and better self-perception of health. Compared with boys, girls had higher cholesterol, percentage body fat, and heart health knowledge scores and ate fewer foods high in saturated fat, cholesterol, salt, and simple sugars. Among girls, African-Americans had the highest blood pressure, cholesterol, body mass index, and intake of foods high in saturated fat, cholesterol, and sugar. Among boys, Hispanics had the highest body mass index and percentage body fat and the lowest heart health knowledge scores. White girls and white boys were the most frequent smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Poor health behaviors and risk factors for CHD occurred frequently among urban teenagers. In general, teenage girls had poorer health behaviors and a greater prevalence of risk factors than teenage boys, even though they scored better in heart health knowledge testing. Ethnic comparisons revealed poorer health behaviors and higher prevalence of risk factors in African-American and Hispanic teens compared with white and Asian-American teens. Results support the need for health promotion intervention among urban teenagers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

First year of AIDS services delivery under Title I of the Ryan White CARE Act.

This is a review of (a) the emergency assistance for ambulatory HIV medical and support services provided in the first year by eligible metropolitan areas (EMAs) funded under Title I of the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act of 1990, (b) the varied responses and processes by which the 16 urban areas receiving Title I funds in 1991 met legislative mandates, (c) the central nature of planning councils under Title I and their formation and functioning, and (d) issues related to current implementation and future expansion of Title I to additional eligible metropolitan areas. Integral to the review is a brief discussion of the history of AIDS and HIV infection, particularly in cities receiving CARE Act funding, an overview of Title I requirements, and a description of the organizational structures cities are using to implement Title I. Information on Title I EMAs is based on analysis of their 1991 applications, bylaws of their HIV service planning councils, intergovernmental agreements between Title I cities and other political entities, and contracts executed by Title I grantees with providers for the delivery of services. Interviews with personnel in several Title I EMAs, including planning council members and grantee staff members, provided additional information. This is the first descriptive accounting of activities related to the 1991 applications for and uses of Title I funds, and the administrative and service issues related to this process.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗