Early signs of hip dysplasia in 7120 children (in the neonatal period asymmetry of the gluteal folds, Ortolani snap phenomenon and restricted abduction; subsequently, at about 6 weeks, asymmetry of the gluteal folds and restricted abduction) were statistically analyzed with regard to simultaneous occurrence and their prognostic value in confirming a hip dysplasia. The findings at 6 weeks were found to be more serious. Almost no significance can be attached to an isolated finding in the period following birth. Since the study covered several clinics, it was possible to compare findings from individual centers. It was found that they fell into four groups with different diagnostic preferences, despite the agreed uniform examination technique. Thus, almost all of the positive Ortolani findings were diagnosed at two of the 20 clinics taking part in the study. In the overall comparison the group of clinics which relied almost exclusively on asymmetry of the gluteal folds had the least prognostic success. The clinics with a higher proportion of positive Ortolani findings had better prognosis results, though the incidence of dysplasias was not increased.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Brazilian adolescents' prosocial moral judgment and behavior: relations to sympathy, perspective taking, gender-role orientation, and demographic characteristics.

The goal of this study was to examine demographic and individual difference variables that predict level of prosocial moral judgment and self-reported prosocial behavior and to test mediating or moderating relations among predictors. The relations of prosocial moral reasoning and self-reported prosocial behavior to perspective taking, sympathy, age, sociometric status, and gender-role orientation were examined with a sample of 149 Brazilian adolescents who completed a series of questionnaire measures. Prosocial moral judgment was expected to be predicted by both sympathy and perspective taking, whereas sympathy or prosocial moral judgment was expected to mediate the relations of femininity and perspective taking to prosocial behavior. Self-reported perspective taking and sympathy interacted when predicting prosocial moral judgment; adolescents who were high in either sympathy or perspective taking (or both) scored high in prosocial moral reasoning. A feminine orientation predicted sympathy and perspective taking, perspective taking predicted prosocial moral reasoning and sympathy, and sympathy had both direct and indirect paths (through moral judgment) to prosocial behavior. The findings generally were consistent with the contention that both the tendency to take others' perspectives and to sympathize are related to level of prosocial moral reasoning, which in turn motivates prosocial behavior. Moreover, patterns of correlations among variables were similar to those found in the United States.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Techniques to improve flow cytometric detection of light chain restriction.

OBJECTIVE: To compare 3-color flow cytometry (using a permeabilization step to detect cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in selected cases) with 2-color flow cytometry in the detection of light chain restriction (LCR). DESIGN: Analysis of clinical specimens submitted for lymphocyte immunophenotyping using both methods. SETTING: Marshfield Laboratories serving Saint Joseph's Hospital (525 beds) and the Marshfield Health Care Network. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sensitivity and specificity for detecting LCR in B-cell neoplasms. Final diagnosis based on review of clinical, laboratory and histologic data. RESULTS: Of 61 specimens, the 3-color method yielded better sensitivity, detecting LCR in 30 of 39 cases of B-cell neoplasms (77%) versus 16 of 39 (41%) for the 2-color method (P < 0.001). Both methods had comparable specificity (95-100%). The 3-color cytoplasmic technique identified another 4 cases yielding an overall sensitivity of 87% for a 2-tiered testing strategy. CONCLUSION: A 3-color surface technique, backed up by a permeabilization step in selected cases, provides a cost-effective and sensitive technique for detecting LCR.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Objective evaluation of therapeutic results in physical medicine, balneotherapy and climatotherapy (statistical and case methodology)].

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Balneology↗