PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Kono

Publications and source records attributed to S Kono.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure during thoracic aortic aneurysm repair].

We present a case of successful management for severe respiratory failure during thoracic aortic aneurysm repair by applying extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The patient was a 71-year-old man who was diagnosed as thoracic aortic aneurysm and coronary artery stenosis. Severe respiratory failure occurred during operation because of pulmonary hemorrhage, and it was difficult to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass. ECMO was provided for improvement of oxygenation and CO2 removal. Pulmonary hemorrhage was controlled by strict management of coagulation system, and ECMO was discontinued after improvement of oxygenation on the 4th postoperative day. It is considered that early application of ECMO was effective in this case.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Coffee consumption and glucose tolerance status in middle-aged Japanese men.

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Several studies have reported that coffee has a protective effect against the development of type 2 diabetes. However, few of these studies used the standard glucose tolerance test to diagnose type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coffee and green tea consumption and glucose tolerance status as determined using a 75-g OGTT. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 3224 male officials of the self-defence forces. Glucose tolerance status was determined in accordance with the 1998 World Health Organization criteria, and average intakes of coffee and green tea over the previous year were assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. The figures obtained were adjusted for BMI, physical activity and other factors. RESULTS: A total of 1130 men were identified as having glucose intolerance (IFG, IGT or type 2 diabetes). Compared with those who did not consume coffee on a daily basis, fasting and 2-h post-load plasma glucose levels were 1.5% and 4.3% lower in those who drank 5 cups of coffee or more per day respectively. The adjusted odds ratios of glucose intolerance for categories of <1, 1-2, 3-4 and >/=5 cups of coffee per day were 1.0 (referent), 0.8 (95% CI 0.6-1.0), 0.7 (95% CI 0.6-0.9) and 0.7 (95% CI 0.5-0.9) respectively (p=0.0001 for trend). No clear association was observed between green tea drinking and glucose tolerance status. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Coffee consumption may inhibit postprandial hyperglycaemia and thereby protect against the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2004

Secular trend of colon cancer incidence and mortality in relation to fat and meat intake in Japan.

Mortality from colon cancer has rapidly increased in the past decades in Japan, and the increase has generally been ascribed to the Westernized diet, characterized by a high intake of fat and meat. However, fat and meat consumption in Japan stopped increasing in the 1970s. The secular trend of colon cancer incidence and mortality was examined in relation to changing patterns of the consumption of selected foods and nutrients and other related factors in Japan, focusing on the relationship with fat and meat consumption. The incidence and mortality rates of colon cancer both increased almost linearly on a log scale until the early 1990s, the increase then ceasing. The temporal change in fat and meat intake coincided with the incidence of colon cancer approximately 20 years later. Although figures for the consumption of red meat was not available in the early years, red meat accounted for 70-80% of the total meat intake in the mid 1960s and thereafter. Cereal consumption showed a continuous decrease even after the 1970s, that of vegetables showing no marked change. The current observation adds to evidence that red meat intake is an important determinant of colon cancer risk.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Clinical, molecular, and PET study of a case of aceruloplasminaemia presenting with focal cranial dyskinesia.

Aceruloplasminaemia is a rare recessive disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the multicopper ferroxidase ceruloplasmin, thought to be involved in cellular iron export. Primary intracellular iron accumulation characterises this disorder. We investigated a case of aceruloplasminaemia early in the course of the disease by structural and functional neuroimaging and correlated the results with the clinical findings. The patient, a diabetic 59 year old lady, presented with perioral dyskinesia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed massive iron accumulation in the basal ganglia, notably sparing the pallidum, and along the cortical surface. However, most of these structures had preserved metabolic activity as evaluated by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). Voxel based analysis of FDG-PET data showed a significant hypometabolism only in the heads of the caudate nuclei. Molecular genetic analysis revealed compound heterozygosity for two null mutations in the ceruloplasmin gene, a rather surprising finding for a very rare recessive disease, suggesting that aceruloplasminaemia could be somewhat more frequent than is commonly thought and could therefore be underdiagnosed.

Brain↗
PubMed2003

Adsorption of thiolates to singly coordinated sites on Au111 evidenced by photoelectron diffraction.

The adsorption structure of methylthiolate (CH3S) adsorbed on Au(111), a long-standing controversial issue, has been unambiguously determined by scanned-energy and scanned-angle S 2p photoelectron diffraction. The methylthiolate molecules are found to occupy atop sites with a S-Au distance of 2.42 +/- 0.03 A. The angular distribution of the S 2p photoelectrons due to forward scattering reveals that the S-C bond is inclined by approximately 50 degrees from the surface normal towards both the [211] and [121] (nearest-neighbor thiolate) directions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Relation of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intake to gallstone disease in middle-aged Japanese men.

A possible protective effect of coffee or caffeine intake in the formation of gallstones has been suggested in some epidemiological studies. We examined the relation of coffee, green tea, and caffeine intake to gallstone disease in middle-aged Japanese men, distinguishing known gallstones from unknown diagnosed gallstones. Study subjects were 174 cases of gallstones as determined by ultrasonography, 104 cases of postcholecystectomy, and 6889 controls of normal gallbladder in the total of 7637 men who received a health examination at four hospitals of the Self-Defense Forces (SDF). Of the 174 cases of prevalent gallstones, 50 had been aware of having gallstones. Previously diagnosed gallstones and postcholecystectomy were combined as known gallstone disease. The consumption of coffee and green tea was ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire, and caffeine intake was estimated. Statistical adjustment was done for body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, rank in the SDF, and hospital. Coffee and caffeine intake were associated each with a statistically significant increase in the prevalence odds of known gallstone disease, but unrelated to newly diagnosed gallstones. Adjusted odds ratios of known gallstone disease were 1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-2.8) for coffee consumption of five cups or more per day vs. no consumption and 2.2 (95% CI: 1.3-3.7) for caffeine intake of 300 mg/day or more vs. less than 100 mg/day. The consumption of green-tea showed no material association with either unknown gallstones or known gallstone disease. The findings do not support a hypothesis that coffee drinking may be protective against gallstone formation.

Caffeine↗
PubMed2002

Vasopressin and epinephrine are equally effective for CPR in a rat asphyxia model.

Epinephrine has been administered as a drug essential for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Recently, vasopressin has been reported to be more effective than epinephrine for CPR in a ventricular fibrillation (VF) model. As a different myocardial pathology is speculated to exist between the VF model and the asphyxia model, we investigated whether vasopressin is also effective in a rat asphyxia model. Twenty-one Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three groups: vasopressin 0.8 U/kg (Vaso-Gr), epinephrine 0.05 mg/kg (Epi-Gr), and saline same volume as the other two drugs (Sal-Gr). Five minutes after suffocation induced by obstruction of the tracheal tube, CPR was performed using each drug. Although only one animal survived (17%) in the Sal-Gr, 6/7 (85%) survived in both Vaso-Gr and Epi-Gr (P<0.01). Vasopressin is as effective as epinephrine for CPR in asphyxia-induced rats.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and gallstone risk in Japanese men.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Results of epidemiological studies concerning the association between smoking and alcohol use and gallstone risk are inconsistent. We examined the relation of smoking and alcohol use to gallstone disease in Japanese men. METHODS: We investigated 174 cases having gallstones as determined by ultrasonography, 104 cases of postcholecystectomy state, and 6,906 controls having a normal gallbladder in the consecutive series of 7,637 men aged 48-59 years receiving a retirement health examination at four hospitals of the Self-Defense Forces from 1986 to 1994. Fifty men had been aware of having gallstones. Known gallstones and postcholecystectomy state were combined as known gallstone disease. Smoking and drinking habits were ascertained by a self-administered questionnaire. Statistical adjustment was made for body mass index, glucose tolerance status, Self-Defense Forces rank, hospital, and either cigarette smoking or alcohol use. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was not measurably associated with either prevalent gallstones or postcholecystectomy state, nor with either newly diagnosed gallstones or known gallstone disease. Alcohol use was related to a significant decrease in the prevalence odds of both gallstones and postcholecystectomy state, and the decrease was slightly more profound for known gallstone disease. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking is probably unrelated to the gallstone risk, and alcohol consumption seems to confer protection against gallstone formation.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2001

Cerebellar ataxia associated with heteroallelic ceruloplasmin gene mutation.

BACKGROUND: Aceruloplasminemia, an autosomal recessive disorder that affects human iron metabolism, is caused by mutation of the ceruloplasmin gene. Heterozygous individuals with a partial ceruloplasmin deficiency may have normal iron metabolism and no clinical symptoms. METHODS: The authors clinically characterized three Japanese patients from two families who had cerebellar ataxia with hypoceruloplasminemia from the fourth decade of life. Genetic analysis, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and a pathologic study were performed. RESULTS: All three patients presented with cerebellar dysfunction that included relatively nondisabling gait ataxia and dysarthria, as well as hyperreflexia. Brain and abdomen MRI showed cerebellar atrophy and no low-signal intensities in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and liver. Direct mutational analysis excluded SCA-1, SCA-2, SCA-3, SCA-6, SCA-7, SCA-8, SCA-12, and DRPLA. The patients partially lacked serum ceruloplasmin, and the protein concentrations and ferroxidase activities ranged from 36% to 41% of the control values; moreover, they were heterozygous for a nonsense mutation of the ceruloplasmin gene (Trp858ter). Serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation were normal. At autopsy, pathologic and biochemical examinations showed marked loss of Purkinje cells, a large iron deposition in the cerebellum, and small depositions in the basal ganglia, thalamus, and liver. CONCLUSION: Cerebellar ataxia reflects the site of iron deposition. Being heterozygous for mutation of the ceruloplasmin gene may result in cerebellar ataxia.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Apolipoprotein E genotype, serum lipids, and colorectal adenomas in Japanese men.

We examined the relation of serum lipids and apolipoprotein E genotype to colorectal adenomas among 205 cases and 220 controls with normal colonoscopy in Japanese men. With adjustment for body mass index, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and other covaiates, odds ratios of proximal and distal adenomas associated with the presence of an allele varepsilon4 were 0.59 (95% confidence interval 0.23-1.45) and 0.99 (0.50-1.98), respectively. While serum total and LDL cholesterol were unrelated to both proximal and distal adenomas, serum triglycerides were positively related to distal adenomas. The findings suggest that altered lipid metabolism may be differentially associated with tumorigenesis in the proximal and distal colorectum.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2001

Increased anaerobic glycolysis in mitochondrial trifunctional protein-deficient brain.

Deficiency of mitochondrial trifunctional protein (TP), beta-oxidation enzyme, is characterized by recurrent rhabdomyolysis in adult patients. Positron emission tomography was used to measure brain oxygen (CMRO(2)) and glucose (CMRGlc) metabolisms in an adult patient with TP deficiency who had a homozygous G1331A transition of the beta-subunit gene. The molar ratio of oxygen to glucose consumption showed diffuse reduction; CMRO(2) was markedly decreased, whereas CMRGlc increased. Oxidative metabolism may be impaired and anaerobic glycolysis stimulated in the brain of this patient with TP deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms and risk of colorectal adenomas.

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a superfamily of detoxification enzymes that may play an important role in human carcinogenesis. While the genetic polymorphisms GSTM1 and GSTT1 have drawn particular interest in relation to cancer susceptibility, previous studies of colorectal cancer are inconsistent regarding their role. We examined the relation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes combined and colorectal adenomas, and the interaction with cigarette smoking among 205 cases of colorectal adenomas and 220 controls with normal total colonoscopy in Japanese men. Neither GSTM1 nor GSTT1 was related to colorectal adenomas, nor were the null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 combined. The lack of an association with GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes combined persisted even when the analysis was done separately for proximal and distal colorectal adenomas. A three- to fivefold significant increase in the odds of colorectal adenomas was observed among men with a high exposure to cigarette smoking across the genotype groups, and a statistically significant increasing trend was noted within each genotype group. The present findings do not support the role for GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in the development of colorectal adenomas.

Adenoma↗
PubMed2001

Compact, reliable ventricular assist device as a bridge to recovery or for semipermanent use.

OBJECTIVES: The magnetically suspended centrifugal pump has gained attention as an implantable ventricular assist device for long-term use. We report recovery-oriented pump operation and results of a chronic animal experiment. METHODS: In an acute experiment in 8 sheep having microspheres injected to induce heart failure, left ventricular assist was implemented by 2 inflow cannulas, 1 each in the left atrium and left ventricle. The pressure-volume loop of the left ventricle and myocardial oxygen consumption were measured varying the assist rate. The chronic animal experiment used 10 sheep whose native heart was kept intact. Continuous hemodynamic monitoring and periodic blood sampling were conducted. RESULTS: In the acute study, myocardial oxygen consumption decreased proportionally with increasing assist rate in left atrial drainage, but was significantly less at a 100% assist rate in left ventricular drainage. External work in left ventricular drainage did not decrease until a 75% assist rate, suggesting that the left ventricle shape and size were maintained despite decreased myocardial oxygen consumption. In the chronic experiment, the pumping duration was 14 to 248 days. No thrombi or emboli in the pump or any major organ were found in sacrificed sheep after living more than 100 days. Hepatic and renal function were within an almost normal range throughout the experiment. CONCLUSION: Left ventricular blood drainage effectively reduced oxygen consumption, maintaining the shape of the left ventricle. The magnetically suspended centrifugal pump is suitable for recovery of a failing heart or semipermanent use.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Alcohol consumption and severity of angiographically determined coronary artery disease in Japanese men and women.

The relation of alcohol consumption to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was examined among 323 men and 220 women who underwent coronary arteriography. Severity of coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by the number of vessels obstructed > or =75% in diameter and Gensini's severity score. Alcohol consumption was divided into 5 categories in men (never, past, 1-24, 25-49, and > or =50 ml per day) and 3 categories in women (never, past, and current). Among men, odds ratios of severe stenosis (multiple-vessel disease or Gensini's score >15) decreased substantially and significantly in all current drinking categories but without dose-response effect. There was a weak, inverse association of current alcohol consumption with one-vessel disease, but not with moderate stenosis in terms of Gensini's score (< or =15). Past drinkers showed a fairly large, but statistically nonsignificant, decrease in the odds ratios of not only severe stenosis but also of moderate stenosis. Among women, current drinkers showed a small, statistically nonsignificant decrease in the risk of severe stenosis in terms of Gensini's score. These associations with alcohol use did not change after adjustment for known coronary risk factors. The present findings add to evidence that alcohol drinking confers protection against coronary atherosclerosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Coffee consumption and serum aminotransferases in middle-aged Japanese men.

We investigated the relation between coffee drinking and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations among 7313 Japanese men receiving a health examination, excluding former alcohol drinkers and men with a history of chronic liver disease. Serum AST > 40 and/or ALT > 40 U/L was defined as liver inflammation. Adjustment was made for alcohol use, smoking, body mass index, serum marker for hepatitis virus infection, and other possible confounders. Adjusted odds ratios of liver inflammation were 1.00 (reference), 0.80, 0.69, and 0.61 for men drinking < 1, 1-2, 3-4, and > or = 5 cups of coffee daily, respectively. Among 6898 men without liver inflammation, serum AST and ALT were inversely associated with coffee consumption, and alcohol-related rise in AST was attenuated with coffee drinking. These findings suggest coffee may have an effect of suppressing the rise of serum aminotransferase, partly by inhibiting the alcohol-related elevation. Studies regarding biological mechanism are warranted.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed2001

A prospective study of green tea consumption and cancer incidence, Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Japan).

OBJECTIVES: Laboratory and animal studies have shown a protective effect of green tea on cancer of different sites, but epidemiological evidence is limited and inconclusive. This prospective study in Japan examined the association between green tea consumption and cancer incidence. METHODS: Subjects were 38,540 people (14,873 men, mean age 52.8 years; 23,667 women, mean age 56.8 years) who responded to a mail survey carried out between 1979 and 1981. A self-administered questionnaire ascertained consumption frequency of green tea using precoded answers (never, once per day, twice to four times per day, and five or more times per day). Follow-up continued until 31 December 1994. The study analyzed solid cancers (n = 3881); hematopoietic cancers (188); cancers of all sites combined (4069); and cancer of specific sites with more than 100 cases, i.e. stomach (901), colon (432), rectum (193), liver (418), gallbladder (122), pancreas (122), lung (436), breast (281), and bladder (122). Poisson regression was used to allow for city, gender, age, radiation exposure, smoking status, alcohol drinking, body-mass index, education level, and calendar time. RESULTS: Green tea consumption was virtually unrelated to incidence of cancers under study. The relative risks of all cancers for those consuming green tea twice to four times per day and five or more times per day were 1.0 (95% confidence interval 0.91-1.1) and 0.98 (0.88-1.1), respectively, as compared with those consuming green tea once per day or less. CONCLUSION: Our findings do not provide evidence that regular green tea consumption is related to reduced cancer risks.

Aged↗