Biomedical subjects

S Kranczer

Publications and source records attributed to S Kranczer.

10 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Outlook for U.S. population growth.

Between 1990 and 2020 the number of Americans is projected to increase by approximately 31 percent or to 325.9 million. However, gains among the various racial groups will differ markedly. The Asian-American population is expected to more than double while both whites and African Americans will have gains of less than 50 percent. During this period the number of whites as a percentage of the total population is projected to decline from 84 to 78 percent. Changes in state populations may be influenced by disparities in racial growth patterns. Those in the South and the West are expected to continue to growth at the expense of states in the Northeast and Midwest. Particularly rapid gains are forecast for the states of the Pacific and Mountain divisions. By 2020 it is expected that nearly 50 million persons will live in California, Texas will have 25.6 million inhabitants, Florida 19.5 million. The largest percent changes in the U.S. resident population between 1990 and 2020 will be in those persons over age 44. The largest relative increase (126 percent) is expected to be among persons aged 85 and older.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in U.S. life expectancy.

In 1993 the expectation of life in the United States apparently declined slightly. Newborns could expect, on average, to live 75.4 years; for baby boys the figure was 72.0 years and for girls 78.7 years. Each of these values represents a decline of 0.3 years from the 1992 provisional expectancies prepared by the National Center for Health Statistics, and results in average future lifetime returning to the 1990-91 level. Last year's decrease in life expectation was primarily brought about by the considerable rise in the absolute number of deaths and the corresponding increase in mortality rates. Indications are that mortality increased from all major forms of death as well as from AIDS. It is estimated that there were 2,260,000 deaths in 1993 compared with the provisional count of 2,177,000 in 1992 and the final figure of 2,169,518 in 1991. Notwithstanding, projections indicate that expectation of life will continue to rise into the foreseeable future although occasional small declines are likely such as that reported for 1993.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

International cancer mortality comparisons.

Decreases, if any, in mortality from all forms of cancer combined have been relatively small in the past few decades. In fact, until recently, the U.S. age-adjusted cancer mortality rates have trended slowly upward, while other countries showed mixed results. Roughly half of the 15 countries studied experienced higher cancer death rates. Analysis of U.S. mortality by age group revealed a dramatic split in the pattern of death rate changes. Both men and women aged 55 and over generally recorded increases in mortality between 1970 and 1980, as well as between 1980 and 1990, while rates among younger persons declined. During this period mortality from respiratory cancer increased rapidly, especially among women.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Geographic changes in state population growth.

The population of the United States continues to increase, albeit at a slower pace than in the past. Geographically, the states of the South and West still are experiencing larger relative gains than those in the Northeast and Midwest, although some changes in the decennial growth pattern have recently emerged. California's population increments have steadily diminished since 1990, and last year Florida's relative gain was comparatively small. Moreover, New York recorded a decline in the number of its residents. In contrast, the count of persons living in Texas appears to be accelerating. Together, the population of these four states comprises nearly one-third of the nation's total and, therefore, the United States' future will be heavily influenced by the changes in their growth patterns.

Birth Rate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Canadian population growth.

Although slowing recently, the population of Canada has rapidly increased since 1986. These gains reversed a 25-year trend of progressively smaller intercensal increases, which were brought about by low levels of net in-migration and declining birth rates. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, is projected to have just over 11 million residents in 1995, which will be 37 percent of the country's entire population. Among other heavily populated areas, relative gains were much higher in British Columbia than in Quebec or Alberta. Analysis by age group revealed significant regional disparities. Compared to the national average. Alberta's residents were much younger while persons living in British Columbia were generally older. Nationally, the median age of the population rose to a record high of 33.5 years. Among Canada's 25 large metropolitan areas, only eight experienced double-digit gains between 1986 and 1991. In the two most populous regions, Toronto and Montreal, the population increased by 13.4 and 7.0 percent, respectively.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Mixed life expectancy changes.

Life expectancy for the U.S. total population was essentially unchanged in 1995 from the prior year. However, analysis by sex reveals that males experienced longevity enhancements across the age spectrum. In fact, average remaining future lifetime for men established new record highs or remained at peak levels at every age. In 1995 expectation of life at birth was 75.7 years for the total population, 72.4 years for boys and 78.8 years for girls. At individual ages, women's average remaining lifetime has hardly changed since 1990, whereas men under age 75 have gained around 0.5 years between 1990 and 1995. In 1995 the infant mortality rate established another all-time low, namely 7.6 per 1,000 live births; this marks the 33rd consecutive year of annual declines.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced likelihood of a golden wedding anniversary.

Today's newly married couples can more than ever expect to celebrate their silver and even golden wedding anniversaries. In comparison with their counterparts at the turn of the century, the chances of joint survival for 50 years for the typical bride and groom in 1995 were 3 1/4 times higher, despite increasing divorce rates and due in large part to increasing longevity. Currently, the median age at marriage for brides and grooms is at record high levels for both. In 1995 the median age at first marriage for a bride was 24.5 years and was 26.9 years for the groom--at the beginning of the century first marriage vows were spoken at age 21.9 and 25.9 years, respectively. The probability of surviving to have a silver wedding anniversary is extremely high. Of all newly married couples who remain married, nearly 900 out of every 1,000 can anticipate celebrating a 25th wedding anniversary together.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Record high U.S. life expectancy.

In 1996 life expectancy in the United States rose to a record high of 75.9 years for all persons combined. A new peak was also recorded among newborn boys--72.8 years--while average future lifetime for infant girls increased to 79.0 years--0.1 year shy of the 1992 record of 79.1 years. In recent years longevity gains among males have outpaced those for females, with the result that the sex differential in longevity at birth in favor of females has narrowed considerably. In 1996 newborn girls could anticipate living 6.2 years longer than boys--the gap was 6.8 years in 1992 and 7.0 years in 1990. Projections indicate that the trend in longevity improvements in favor of males will continue. As a consequence, the sex differential gap in average future lifetime is anticipated to diminish to 4.6 years by 2050.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in longevity by state.

The latest state data just released from the National Center for Health Statistics reveal that men and women living in Hawaii can expect, on the average, to live longer than those residing in any other state. During 1989-91 expectation of life at birth for all residents of the United States was 71.8 for boys and 78.8 for girls. In Hawaii, however, average future lifetime for newborn boys was 75.4 years and 81.3 for girls. For infant boys, the states that followed in rank order were Utah, Minnesota and North Dakota. Among baby girls, the leading states were North Dakota, Minnesota, South Dakota and Iowa. On the other hand, the District of Columbia, on average, experienced the least favorable longevity. For each sex, geographic longevity disparities diminish with advance in age. Yet, for almost the entire age range, Hawaii still remained the state with the best longevity outlook. Among the next most desirable areas, the rankings shifted positions, somewhat. Even so, North Dakota, Minnesota and Utah usually recorded the highest state life expectancies. These same states also ranked best during 1979-81. Between 1979-81 and 1989-91, on a state-by-state basis, life expectancy gains generally were larger among men than among women.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Banner year for U.S. longevity.

In 1997 life expectancy for all persons combined rose to a new record high of 76.4 years. Additionally, average future lifetime for newborn girls and boys also established new peaks--79.3 years and 73.4 years, respectively. For girls the 1997 value surpassed the previous high of 79.1 years recorded in 1992 and 1996 while for boys new peaks have been consecutively recorded since 1994. Last year's longevity enhancements among men were larger than those for women--continuing the trend of the past few years. Newborn girls could still anticipate living 5.9 years longer than boys--the gap was 6.0 years in 1996 and 7.0 years in 1989-91. Current projections indicate that the disparity between the genders in average future lifetime may decline to 4.6 years by the year 2050. Also worthy of note is the apparent narrowing of the gap in longevity by race. In 1996 newborn white boys could expect to outlive nonwhite newborn boys by 5.0 years compared with 5.7 years in 1989-91; among girls the disparity diminished from 4.1 years in 1989-91 to 3.6 years in 1996.

Adult↗