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Biomedical subjects

S Krause

Publications and source records attributed to S Krause.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Endoscopic transpapillary bile duct drainage in malignant obstructive jaundice].

Endoscopic biliary duct drainage was performed in 54 patients with obstructive jaundice caused by papillary carcinoma (n = 4), periampullar carcinoma (n = 4), carcinoma of head of pancreas (n = 16), primary biliary duct carcinoma (n = 14), biliary bladder carcinoma (n = 14) and hilar lymph node metastases (n = 2) using a bilioduodenal endoprosthesis. Drainage was successful in 45 cases; serum bilirubin decreased rapidly, well-being improved, appetite and weight increased. The average survival time was 4.8 months. The initially high rate of complications, mainly due to cholangitis, with a mortality rate of 9.3% could be reduced drastically after use of a duodenoscope with a 3.7 mm bore instrumentation canal enabling insertion of well-draining wide-lumen endoprostheses. Drainage should only be used in non-resectable tumours, general inoperability or for preoperative relief of biliary ducts in jaundice and prospective curative surgical intervention. As results improve with mounting experience it may be expected that endoscopic biliary duct drainage will replace palliative surgery, especially in elderly patients at risk.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Endoscopic papillotomy for acute pancreatitis caused by biliary disease (author's transl)].

In 15 patients with acute pancreatitis caused by biliary disease endoscopic sphincterotomy was performed after diagnostic ERCP. All patients had a history of symptoms pointing to long-standing biliary disease, such as typical right-sided upper abdominal pain, signs of biliary stasis, and jaundice. An impacted solitary ampullar stone was demonstrated in eight patients while in seven several stones were found in the biliary tract. In one patient pancreaticogram also revealed a gall-stone which had slipped in Wirsung's duct. After endoscopic sphincterotomy and extraction of stone rapid and marked improvement occurred in all 15 patients and the biochemical abnormalities were restored towards normal. All patients became pain-free immediately after the procedure. The markedly raised levels of serum-alpha-amylase (mean of 21 700 U/l immediately before the procedure) fell tonormal values within 48 hours (400--3000 U/l). Endoscopic sphincterotomy is thus an alternative to early operation in acute pancreatitis of biliary origin.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1980

pH titrations of molluscan paramyosin at two different ionic strengths.

Paramyosin extracted from the adductor muscle of Mercenaria mercenaria, the chowder clam, was titrated both in 0.3 M KCl and in 1 mM KCl. Both the presumed native form of the molecule, acid-R-paramyosin, and a slightly degraded form, beta-paramyosin, were studied. Titrations of both types of paramyosin were similar in 1 mM k+, except that the native paramyosin is more highly charged at pH 3.2 than beta-paramyosin, as postulated previously (DeLaney and Krause, 1976, Macromolecules, 9:455), and that more groups titrate on the native molecule than on beta-paramyosin, both between pH 3.2 and 3.3 and between pH 3.2 and 10. Titrations in 0.30 M KCl, unlike those in 1 mM K, depended on starting pH; long term exposure to alkali solutions during dialysis, previously shown to cause partial dephosphorylation of paramyosin (Cooley et al., 1979, J. Biol. Chem., 254:2195), apparently also leads to a change in intermolecular interactions sufficient to cause changes in the titration curves in 0.30 M KCl but not in 1 mM K+.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Kerr effect of charged dipolar macromolecules without condensed counterions in conducting solution.

The theoretical treatment of the Kerr constant of rigid, dipolar, conducting ellipsoidal macromolecules of O'Konski and Krause (1970. J. Phys. Chem. 74:3243) has been extended to very low ionic strength solutions for charged macromolecules. The O'Konski and Krause theoretical treatment postulated a surface conductivity directly on the surface of each macromolecule. For charged macromolecules, this surface conductivity was generally assumed to be caused by movement of condensed counterions on the macromolecules. In the present work, it has been assumed that, at very low ionic strength, the average counterion is at the Debye characteristic distance from the surface of each charged macromolecule and contributes to surface conductivity at that distance, with no additional surface conductivity on the true surface of the macromolecule. Essentially, these considerations change the calculated interaction energy of the macromolecule with an externally applied electric field via a change in both the internal field components and in the reaction field of the macromolecular dipole. The new interaction energy is used to calculate the orientation distribution function of the macromolecules in solution and this distribution function can, in principle, be used to calculate the steady state electric linear or circular dichroism, electric light scattering, anisotropy of conductivity, etc., using the appropriate theoretical treatment for each of these quantities.

Electric Conductivity↗
PubMed1980

Endoscopic sphincterotomy in patients with Billroth II gastrectomy.

We attempted endoscopic sphincterotomy in 35 patients previously subjected to Billroth II gastrectomy, and succeeded in 23 of them. It is often difficult to pass the instrument along the afferent loop and the sphincterotomy incision is seldom placed in an optimal position. Although we had complications in only 2 patpients, it is likely that spincterotomy carries a higher risk in Billroth II gastrectomy patients. It should therefore be reserved for patients who are at high risk for surgery.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1979

Phosphorylation of paramyosin and its possible role in the catch mechanism.

Paramyosin isolated from the adductor muscle of Mercenaria mercenaria was shown to contain three to five phosphate groups/molecule; the actual number varied depending on the method used to extract the protein. Dephosphorylation resulted in an increase in the solubility of paramyosin near pH 7 and near physiological ionic strength. This behavior suggests that the number of phosphates/molecule may be a determining factor in the aggregation behavior of paramyosin-containing myofilaments. Thus, phosphorylation may be involved in catch contractions since correlations have been demonstrated earlier between catch contraction of molluscan muscles and aggregation properties of paramyosin (Ruegg, J. C. (1971) Physiol. Rev. 51, 201-249).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Augmented venous return: protection of the ischemic myocardium during endotoxemia.

The effects of gram-negative endotoxin (Escherichia coli 4 mg/kg) induced myocardial failure in the pentobarbital-anesthesized dog were examined by monitoring its influence on coronary and systemic hemodynamics and correlating these results with myofibrillar ATPase activity. An identical series of studies was performed incorporating a femoral-femoral arterial-venous shunt to augment venous return. Over a five-hour period, gram-negative endotoxemia was associated with a progressive fall in arterial pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output, coronary flow, and a rise in total peripheral resistance and diastolic coronary vascular resistance. Augmenting venous return by 313 +/- 71 ml/min significantly increased cardiac output, stroke volume, and coronary flow and substantially reduced total peripheral resistance and coronary vascular resistance. Myofibrillar ATPase activity from both endocardium and epicardium was significantly depressed in the endotoxin-shocked preparations. However, with the augmentation of venous return with the A-V shunt in the endotoxin-treated animal, myofibrillar ATPase activity is normal. It appears that endotoxin causes a decrease both in venous return and in cardiac contractility by increasing total peripheral resistance, coronary vascular resistance, and impedance to left ventricular ejection. Augmenting venous return by optimizing preload and reducing afterload prevents any significant increase in total peripheral resistance, coronary vascular resistance, or impedance to left ventricular ejection. This is manifested by a rise in cardiac output, stroke volume, and coronary flow and the preservation of myocardial function. This is the first successful application of left ventricular afterload reduction in noncardiogenic shock.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1977

Development and evaluation of a compliance test for patients taking disulfiram.

A breath test for carbon disulfide, a major excretion product of disulfiram, is described and evaluated. All breath excretions were standardized by collecting a fixed amount based on CO2 control. Excretion of CS2 falls rapidly (half life 8 to 18 hours), so that 20 to 30 hours following the last dose of disulfiram the test becomes negative. Approximately 300 tests in hospitalized patients taking disulfiram were positive; 40 tests in patients not taking this drug were negative. In an active disulfiram outpatient clinic more than one third of the patients who claimed to have taken disulfiram on the previous day had, as determined by this test, failed to do so. Of subjects judged by the professional staff to be almost certainly compliant 20% were not taking medication. Of the total of 52 patients tested in clinic only 25 were taking disulfiram.

Adult↗