[The Pontic. Preventive consideration of pontic design].
When fixed partial dentures are provided for edentulous areas of the alveolar ridge, the previously impaired masticatory and phonetic functions as well as esthetics are restored immediately; in the long run, the restoration helps to stabilize the occlusion, thus maintaining the integrity of the temporomandibular joints and the neuromuscular system. The reabsorption of connective tissues following the loss of teeth as well as the changes in the dimensions of edentulous areas that occur over time will have to be taken into account in that the basic shape of the tooth or teeth to be replaced needs to be modified. Pontics usually present a larger surface than natural teeth; on this surface, plaque may accumulate. The self-cleaning mechanisms are ineffective on the surfaces facing the adjacent teeth or the tissues of the alveolar ridge. For this reason, the pontics and their flexible or rigid connectors to the abutments must be considered the weakest parts of the restoration. The long-term success of the restoration, once periodontal treatment and optimum prosthodontic care have been provided, depends on whether considerations of periodontal prevention played a role in the design of the restoration and on postinsertion periodontal care.