Biomedical subjects

S Kulp

Publications and source records attributed to S Kulp.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2001

Use of cardiovascular drugs by home-dwelling coronary patients aged 75 years and older. A population-based cross-sectional survey in Helsinki, Finland.

OBJECTIVE: Elderly individuals constitute an increasing proportion of coronary patients, and up-to-date information is needed of their treatments in the community. METHODS: A random sample of 75-, 80-, 85-, 90- and 95-year-old residents (n = 3,921) of Helsinki, Finland, was studied during 1998-1999. They were sent a postal questionnaire with questions about health, diseases and current drug use. RESULTS: The response rate of home-dwelling elderly persons was 78% (n = 2,511). Of men and women, 75.8% and 79.8%, respectively, had some regular medication (P< 0.05 between genders). Of home-dwelling individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD, n = 717, 28.6%), 61.0% of women and 68.3% of men used aspirin, 58.4% and 52.9% nitrates, 54.7% and 52.4% beta-blockers, 20.0% and 13.7% (angiontensin-converting enzyme) ACE inhibitors and 25.1% and 21.1% calcium-channel blockers. Only 14.3% and 19.4% were on cholesterol-lowering drugs. The difference in ACE inhibitor, diuretic and digoxin use was statistically significant (P < 0.05) between genders (women used more). CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular drug use is very common among the oldest age cohorts, but assuming that knowledge from younger individuals applies, there is a suboptimal use of several evidence-based treatments, especially lipid-lowering drugs, aspirin and beta-blockers in elderly coronary patients.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Secular trends in self-reported functioning, need for assistance and attitudes towards life: 10-year differences of three older cohorts.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the self-reported functional status of cohorts, born 10 years apart, when they were at equivalent ages: 75, 80, or 85. DESIGN: Cross-sectional mailed survey of three birth cohorts in 1989 and 1999. PARTICIPANTS: Random samples of older home-dwelling residents from birth cohorts 1904, 1909, and 1914 in 1989 ( N = 685) and the birth cohorts 1914, 1919, and 1924 in 1999 ( N = 2,047) were asked the same questions. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported physical functioning, need for assistance in daily living, and attitudes toward life. RESULTS: Among 85-year-olds born in 1914 there was a significantly larger proportion able to go outdoors compared with 85-year-olds born in 1904 (72.9% vs 60.6% in women (P <.01) and 84.6% vs 63.6 % in men (P <.01), respectively). Similar trends were observed between the oldest cohorts concerning the need for assistance. The amount of publicly funded domestic help had reduced in the two oldest cohorts in 1999 compared with 1989 (20.3% vs 29.8% in 85-year-old women born in 1914 vs 1904 (P <.05); and 10.2 % vs 25.0% in 85-year-old men born 1914 vs 1904 (P <.05), but at the same time 75-year-old women born in 1924 had increased the use of private domestic help compared with 75-year-old women born in 1914. Significantly larger proportions of both men and women had plans for the future in all the cohorts in 1999 than in 1989. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent yet small differences between the corresponding cohorts suggest that physical functioning and more-optimistic attitude toward life have increased and need for assistance has decreased over 10 years in the older population up to the age of 85.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1996

Gossypol inhibits human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone production by cultured canine testicular interstitial cells.

Gossypol (GP) is a natural polyphenolic compound that possesses antifertility and antisteroidogenic activities in both males and females. The dog is highly sensitive to GP toxicity, yet GP's effect on canine testicular steroidogenesis has never been reported. Thus, the present study examines GP's effects on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced testosterone (T) production by primary cultured canine testicular interstitial cells. After decapsulation and enzymatic dissociation of canine testes in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium with Ham's Nutrient Mixture F-12 (1:1; DME/F-12) containing 0.1% collagenase, 0.1% BSA, and 10 micrograms/ml DNase 1 (37 degrees C, 20 min), interstitial cells were isolated by sedimentation and filtration (140 microns) and then cultured in supplemented DME/F-12 medium (5 micrograms/ml insulin, 5 micrograms/ml transferrin, 5 ng/ml sodium selenite; DME/F-12/S) containing 0.1% fetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS was used to enhance cell attachment during the first 24 hours of culture. After 24 hours, the medium was replaced with serum-free DME/F-12/S and the cells were cultured for an additional 24 hours. Thereafter, cells were treated with hCG (0.1 IU/ml) alone and in combination with GP (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0 microM). Media were collected for T radioimmunoassay and cells for protein estimation after 8, 16 and 24 hours of treatment. Treatment with hCG significantly (p < 0.05) stimulated T production over that of controls at all treatment times examined. At 8, 16 and 24 hours, T secretion was elevated from 0.91 +/- 0.25, 1.32 +/- 0.42, and 1.41 +/- 0.40 pg/microgram protein to 2.36 +/- 0.50, 2.84 +/- 0.60, and 2.82 +/- 0.43 pg/microgram protein, respectively. At 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0 microM, GP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced hCG-induced T secretion at 16 and 24 hours of treatment to 1.79 +/- 0.50, 1.62 +/- 0.12, 1.34 +/- 0.16 (16 hr), and 1.53 +/- 0.38, 1.43 +/- 0.11, 1.42 +/- 0.32 (24 hr) pg/microgram protein, respectively. At 8 hours, T production was reduced by 2.5 and 5.0 microM GP to 1.08 +/- 0.55 and 0.93 +/- 0.61 pg/microgram protein, respectively. GP, however, did not reduce T production to below basal levels. These results demonstrate the inhibition of hCG-induced T production by GP in cultured canine testicular interstitial cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Taking a closer look: time sampling and measurement error.

A person manufactured his in-seat behavior for 15, 30-min sessions so that there were three blocks of five sessions where the behavior occurred 20%, 50%, and 80% of the time. Whole interval, partial interval, and momentary time-sample measures of the behavior were taken and compared to the continuous measure of the behavior i.e., per cent of time the behavior occurred. For interval time sampling, the difference between the continuous and sample measures i.e., measurement error, was: (1) extensive, (2) unidirectional, (3) a function of the time per response, and (4) inconsistent across changes in the continuous measure. A procedural analysis demonstrated that the frequency and duration of behavior are confounded in interval time sampling. Momentary time sampling was found to be superior to interval time sampling in estimating the duration a behavior occurs.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1975

An evaluation of time-sample measures of behavior.

Continuous and time-sample measures of the in-seat behavior of a secretary were obtained. Measurement error, i.e., the extent to which the sample measures deviated from the continuous measure, was a function of the frequency of the sample measurements and the criterion used to score an example of the behavior. If the behavior had to be exhibited throughout the observational interval (whole-interval time sampling), there was a consistent underestimate of the continuous measure. If the behavior had to be exhibited only briefly within the observational interval (partial-interval time sampling), there was a consistent overestimate of the continuous measure. And, if the behavior had to be exhibited at the end of the observational interval (momentary time sampling), overestimations and underestimations of the continuous measure occurred about equally often. As expected, the more frequently the sample measures were made the closer was the agreement between the sample and continuous measures. Two conclusions concerning measurement error in interval time sampling were made. The first was that the error will be a function of the mean time per response. The second is that this error will not be consistent across experimental conditions.

Journal Article↗