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Biomedical subjects

S Kural

Publications and source records attributed to S Kural.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Tamponade caused by localized compression of the superior vena cava and right atrium after aortic valve replacement under extracorporeal circulation].

The authors report a case of localised compression of the right atrium due to a loculated intrapericardial haematoma after open heart surgery. The patient suddenly developed signs of superior vena caval obstruction during the third postoperative week. The diagnosis was made by 2D echocardiography and superior vena cavography. The authors review the literature and discuss the main clinical features of localised cardiac tamponade, underlying the value of 2D echocardiography in the postoperative management of cardiac surgical patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Radionuclide assessment of cardiac function. Pre-operative evaluation of patients with abdominal aortic occlusive disease undergoing aortobifemoral bypass grafting.

Pre-operative radionuclide angiography, a non-invasive technique for evaluating ventricular function, was performed on 34 consecutive patients undergoing aortobifemoral bypass grafting for abdominal aortic occlusive disease, to determine whether pre-existing coronary artery disease causes significant modification of cardiac function. Patients were divided into two groups according to medical history. Group I had 23 patients with no symptoms of coronary artery disease and Group II had 11 patients, six with previous myocardial infarction and five with angina pectoris. There was a significant difference in left ventricular ejection fraction and in cardiac output between these two groups. A flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter was inserted in eight patients in Group II who had an ejection fraction less than 50% and a nitroglycerin infusion was used in six cases to maintain pulmonary capillary wedge pressure below 20 mmHg. In the other patients, only central venous pressure was monitored. All patients had uneventful operative courses. It is concluded that left ventricular function is significantly altered in patients with symptoms of both abdominal aortic occlusive disease and coronary artery disease. By contrast, cardiac function is normal in patients free from symptoms of coronary artery disease, and central venous pressure monitoring seems sufficient in the management of these patients during aortobifemoral bypass grafting.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

An asanguineous reperfusion solution. An effective adjunct to cardioplegic protection in high-risk valve operations.

The protection afforded by cardioplegia during elective ischemic arrest can be partly compromised by a reperfusion injury, which may impede the recovery of cardiac function. We previously showed experimentally that this postischemic damage could be largely avoided by an appropriate crystalloid reperfusate. The present study was thus undertaken to assess the effects of this "reperfusion solution" clinically. One hundred twelve patients undergoing valve replacement with the aid of hypothermic cardioplegia (K+ 12 mEq, Mg2+ 26 mEq) were prospectively divided in two groups: Group I (n = 49) received an unmodified blood reperfusate. In Group II (n = 63), 1 L of the reperfusion solution was delivered just prior to removal of the aortic clamp. The formulation of the reperfusion solution adhered to the following principles: (1) maintenance of cardioplegia (K+ = 15 mEq), (2) replenishment of Ca2+ stores (Ca2+ = 2.5 mEq), (3) substrate provision (glutamate = 2,942 gm), (4) buffering (pH = 7.70 at 28 degrees C), and (5) hyperosmolarity (370 mOsm). The two groups were matched for preoperative data except for a higher incidence of isolated aortic valve replacement (p = 0.01) in Group II. Also, the cross-clamp time (mean +/- standard error of the mean) was longer in Group II (94 +/- 4 minutes versus 63 +/- 4 minutes, p less than 10(-6]. The reperfusion solution was found to increase both the rate and extent of postischemic functional recovery, as evidenced by (1) a lower proportion of catecholamine-supported patients 48 hours after operation (9/63 [14.28%] versus 16/49 [32.6%] in the control group [p less than 0.03]) and (2) a lower amount (gamma/kg/min) of dobutamine required to achieve stable hemodynamics (11 +/- 1 versus 26 +/- 6 in the control group [p less than 0.03]). A similar recovery pattern was noted in the high-risk subgroup of patients with mitral valve disease. Further, serial postoperative hemodynamic measurements were performed in 31 randomly selected patients (10 control and 21 reperfused). Although the reperfused patients were found to be at higher risk because of lower preoperative cardiac indices and longer cross-clamp times, they consistently achieved better postoperative hemodynamics with a lower incidence of catecholamine support. This hemodynamic improvement was particularly reflected by a higher left ventricular stroke work index throughout the postoperative course, the difference being significant 6 hours and 12 hours postoperatively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Catecholamines↗
PubMed1983

[Treatment of cardiogenic shock in acute myocardial infarction and postoperative low cardiac output].

The extent of myocardial and coronary lesions, the failure of the mechanisms regulating coronary blood flow, and the inadequacy of adrenergic stimulation account for the difficulties in managing cardiogenic shock as a complication of acute myocardial infarction. Except in cases of hypovolemia, excessive bradycardia, the only adequate treatment is IABP. However, long-term survival is observed only in patients undergoing surgery for a mechanical complication after control of the cardiogenic shock. Finally, the causes of the post-CPB low output syndrome and the principles of their management are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

[Acute rupture of the left ventricle 12 hours after an anteroseptal myocardial infarct. Successful surgical repair].

Acute rupture of the left ventricular free wall was suspected in a 53 year old hypertensive patient at the 12th hour of primary antero-septo-apical myocardial infarction. He developed acute tamponade with severe cardiogenic shock during his transfer to hospital. Cardiac compression due to hemopericardium was confirmed by M mode echocardiography (pericardial effusion), right heart catheterisation (adiastole and low cardiac output) and pericardial puncture during which several ccs of blood were aspirated leading to a slight improvement in the patient's condition. At operation under cardiopulmonary bypass 2,5 hours after hospital admission, the surgeon found a hemopericardium related to fissuration of an acute apical infarct which was sutured on a Teflon support. The initial postoperative course was complicated by unexplained gastro-intestinal hemorrhage, transient functional renal failure, cardiac failure and mediastinitis, but the final outcome was successful with a follow-up of 24 months. This appears to be the 9th reported case of long-term survival after surgical repair of rupture of the heart in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.

Electrocardiography↗
PubMed1982

Retrograde coronary sinus perfusion: a safe alternative for ensuring cardioplegic delivery in aortic valve surgery.

During aortic valve surgery, cardioplegic solution is delivered through direct cannulation of both coronary ostia. Since this approach may cause an intimal injury leading to acute dissection or late ostial stenosis, we have evaluated retrograde coronary sinus perfusion (RCSP) as a means of delivering cardioplegia in 12 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. The retroperfusion of the cardioplegic solution was performed with a balloon-tipped catheter inserted into the coronary sinus through the right atrium. The perfusion pressure averaged 40 mm Hg. Twelve patients undergoing antegrade coronary perfusion served as controls. Both groups were matched for preoperative and intraoperative data. The postoperative evaluation focused on hemodynamic status, as evidenced by serial measurements of right-sided pressures and cardiac output at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after operation. The stroke volume index and the left ventricular and right ventricular systolic stroke work indexes were then calculated. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. We conclude that RCSP is a simple, safe, and effective means of cardioplegic protection during aortic valve surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Acute left ventricular rupture secondary to myocardial infarction. Report of long-term survival after early surgical repair.

The case of a 53-year-old male patient is presented who experienced acute left ventricular rupture 12 hours after a myocardial infarct. Immediately following emergency right heart catheterization and pericardiocentesis the patient was operated upon after preliminary institution of femoro-femoral partial heart-lung bypass. Left ventricular rupture in the area of an apical infarct was found which was successfully treated by direct closure. The patient made a complete recovery subsequent to a complicated postoperative course.

Cardiopulmonary Bypass↗
PubMed1982

[Aorto-left ventricular discontinuity of infectious origin. Problems of surgical repair].

Aorto-left ventricular discontinuity may result from destruction of the aortic ring in aortic valve endocarditis, making solid implantation of a valvular prosthesis difficult. We believe the best technique to be the insertion of a valved Dacron tube from a noninfected area of the left ventricle to the ascending aorta distal to the coronary ostia, the coronary arteries being reimplanted in the tube. This technique implies a relatively dilated aortic ring and the integrity of the supra-annular aortic wall. When these conditions are not fulfilled, the problem has to be solved by supra coronary implantation of an aortic prosthesis with double aorto-coronary bypass grafts. Valved tubes from the left ventricular apex to the abdominal aorta is complex major surgery, the indications for which should be limited to the most mutilating forms of endocarditis causing such severe annular and periannular lesions that the two preceding techniques are impossible. Despite the advances in surgical technique, operative mortality remains high, a problem that could undoubtedly be reduced by early surgery before the association of hemodynamic and infectious complications lead to severe cardiac failure and widespread local lesions.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1981

Effects of intrinsic sympathetic activity of beta-blockers on SA and AV nodes in man.

The authors compare the effects of beta-blockers without intrinsic sympathetic activity (ISA) (propranolol, 160 mg/day), moderate ISA (acebutolol, 800 mg/day) and high ISA (pindolol, 20 mg/day). The sinus rate decreases more with propranolol than with acebutolol, during the day (P less than 0.01) and during the night (P less than 0.001), whereas pindolol does not change the daylight rate and increases the nighttime rate (P less than 0.001). The ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation (AV nodal transmission) is modified as is sinus rate. There is no significant difference between propranolol and acebutolol, and a highly significant difference between pindolol and propranolol (P less than 0.001) or acebutolol (P less than 0.01). Moreover, the eurythmic effect of beta-blockers, making RR intervals more regular, is maximal with propranolol and minimal with pindolol, as judged on RR interval histograms. The ISA of the beta-blockers is of major importance for the clinical use of these drugs, and in the case of SA or AV node dysfunction ISA can be useful, but it can obscure the beneficial effects of beta-blocking therapy.

Acebutolol↗