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Biomedical subjects

S Kursunoglu

Publications and source records attributed to S Kursunoglu.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Rheumatoid arthritis: similarity of radiographic abnormalities in men and women.

To test the hypothesis that there are significant differences in the radiographic appearance of rheumatoid arthritis between men and women, the authors blindly evaluated bilateral hand and wrist radiographs in 32 men with definite rheumatoid arthritis and 32 age- and disease duration-matched women (mean age, 56.4 years; mean disease duration, 10.5 years). Radiographically, disease distribution and severity were identical in these matched groups. Superimposed osteoarthritis was frequent in both groups and related to age. Ill-defined bone proliferation was present in 13 of 64 hands in both groups. Cystic changes and well-defined erosions were present in 12 of 64 male hands and six of 64 female hands, but this difference was not statistically significant. In women, presence of cysts and bone proliferation was related to disease duration, whereas men exhibited these atypical features independent of disease duration. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequencies of typical and atypical features of rheumatoid arthritis between the two sexes, and the authors postulate that previously reported differences relate to patient selection and lack of adequate matching.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1986

Distal interphalangeal joint involvement in rheumatoid arthritis.

Sixty-two patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were evaluated radiographically for distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint involvement and were compared with 50 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The frequency of DIP erosions was 37% in the patients versus 14% in the controls; these erosions were mild and were not related to disease duration. Erosions elsewhere in the hand and wrist were of all degrees of severity and were related in part to disease duration. Osteophytes occurred frequently in both the RA group (71%) and the control group (60%). However, joint space narrowing occurred more frequently in RA patients (77%) than in the controls (46%) (P less than 0.009). The findings from this study suggest that in RA patients, DIP erosions occur frequently, do not occur in isolation, and are not simply a marker for severe global erosive disease in the hand and wrist. The high frequency of osteophytosis and joint space narrowing in both groups probably represents the overlap of osteoarthritis and RA that occurs in many patients.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1986

Computerized tomography of proximal femoral trabecular patterns.

A comprehensive imaging and pathologic investigation utilizing patients and cadaver material was performed in order to identify the normal trabecular pattern of the proximal femur and to assess alterations in this pattern in various disorders. Patients and specimens were studied with computed tomography (CT), including three-dimensional CT image reconstruction in selected cases and plain film radiography. The CT imaging of the proximal femur provides insight into the dynamic state of bone in this region. Despite limited resolution, three-dimensional CT image reconstruction is capable of portraying the concentration and orientation of major trabeculae in the proximal femur. Increased trabecular spacing occurs in osteoporosis and is well depicted by CT. Proliferation and thickening of the most superior subchondral primary compressive trabeculae is an early sign of osteoarthritis. In the region of the calcar femorale, crossing trabeculae, similar to the appearance of an enchondroma or bone infarct, have been described in osteoporosis and osteoarthritis and probably represent unmasking of normally present reinforcing trabeculae. In ischemic necrosis, CT should be considered a useful modality for detection of early or mild alterations and may be valuable in treatment planning.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1986

Three-dimensional computed tomographic analysis of the normal temporomandibular joint.

Ten temporomandibular joints, obtained from three asymptomatic patients and two cadavers, were examined by three-dimensional computed tomography. The osseous components of the condylar process of the mandible and the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone were well visualized. The meniscus was visualized in both the closed- and the open-mouthed positions. Advantages and disadvantages of the technique are discussed.

Cartilage, Articular↗
PubMed1986

Bone reinforcement lines in chronic adult osteopenia: a hypothesis.

Although linear bands of increased radiodensity have been described in the tubular bones of children, similar but less often reported structures are frequent in the osteopenic skeleton of middle-aged and elderly patients. In this study, the radiology, pathology, and histology of osseous bands in the mature skeleton were analyzed in 20 cadavers, 29 macerated ancient and modern bone specimens, and 100 recent radiographs. These radiodense areas represent complete or incomplete, horizontally or obliquely oriented bars composed of compact lamellar bone. Although their precise pathogenesis is not clear, they are associated with long-standing (vs. acute) osteopenia. In some instances, bone bars appear to be formed during skeletal growth, remain hidden in the adult because of adjacent trabeculae, and are unmasked by osseous resorption. In other instances, bone bars appear to be formed initially in the mature skeleton as a response to chronic mechanical stress and, as such, are not identical with growth recovery lines observed in children. They are more accurately considered bone reinforcement lines.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Perspective: three-dimensional imaging of the musculoskeletal system.

An evaluation of musculoskeletal disorders in 202 patients using three-dimensional CT displays has revealed the usefulness of the technique, especially in patients with fractures of skeletal areas with complex anatomy, articular disorders of the hip, and spinal stenosis. In some cases, plastic models of diseased areas have been created from the CT data and are reasonably accurate, providing a graphic representation of the disease and the ability to perform rehearsal surgery. A preliminary investigation of three-dimensional displays of MR images indicates that the technique is feasible, although its clinical practicality requires further analysis.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1986

Hand radiographic changes in patients with primary and secondary Sjögren's syndrome.

Unselected hand radiographs from 37 primary Sjögren's syndrome patients (pSS), 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjögren's syndrome (secondary SS) and 29 patients with RA only were evaluated blind by osteoradiologists, using reference radiographs for scoring joint space narrowing and erosion at the proximal interphalangeal joints, the metacarpophalangeal joints and the wrists. A history of arthralgias and/or arthritis of the above joints was taken from the patients charts. It is shown that pSS patients suffer from transient episodes of arthralgias and/or arthritis, while both secondary SS and RA patients had a history of chronic arthritis of the small joints of the hand. Evaluation of the hand radiographs showed that pSS patients exhibited mild joint space narrowing but no erosions, whereas the other two groups of patients presented with more severe joint space narrowing and varying degrees of erosions. Finally, RA patients without SS had more advanced radiographic changes than secondary SS patients. Thus hand X-rays can be used in addition to the previously described clinical differences in the differentiation of primary and secondary SS.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1986

Computed arthrotomography with multiplanar reformations and three-dimensional image analysis in the evaluation of the cruciate ligaments: preliminary investigation.

The normal cruciate ligaments in patient and cadaver knees were imaged with computed tomography (CT) using a graphic system that allowed reformation of the CT data in multiple planes, as well as three-dimensional display. This imaging format afforded excellent visualization of the cruciate ligaments. When the results were correlated with anatomic findings in sections of the knee from cadavers, the image data were found to be accurate.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Scapular foramina.

Although foramina in the scapula are a rare occurrence, they produce radiolucent defects that simulate those related to skeletal metastasis or multiple myeloma. In order to define the typical location and appearance of these foramina, we initiated a radiographic and pathologic examination of macerated modern and ancient scapulae. Of 93 macerated scapulae that were examined, foramina were observed in 27 specimens (29%). These occurred at four sites: at the superior border of the bone at its junction with the coracoid process, caused by ossification of the superior transverse ligament (21 specimens); in the body of the bone inferior to the scapular spine, resulting from a disturbance in ossification during fetal development (five specimens); in the superior fossa, as a clasp-like defect (one specimen); and, at the superomedial border above the scapular spine (one specimen). The radiographic features of these foramina were compared to those produced by normal vascular channels, anatomic thinning of the bone, and skeletal metastasis or multiple myeloma. Knowledge of the typical appearance and site of scapular foramina assures accurate diagnosis.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the orbit.

A recent review of orbital tumors at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology has shown that fibrous histiocytoma is the most common primary mesenchymal tumor of the orbit in adults. This surprising statistic is explained by the fact that the histologic classification of mesenchymal neoplasms has been revised extensively during the last two decades to include previously distinct tumors of fibrous tissue under the common histopathologic diagnosis of fibrous histiocytoma. We present the computed tomographic findings of a primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the orbit, along with a review of the literature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acetabular alterations in untreated congenital dysplasia of the hip: computed tomography with multiplanar re-formation and three-dimensional analysis.

The alterations in acetabular morphology that occur in untreated congenital hip dysplasia (CDH) were evaluated in 29 prehistoric and four modern hemipelvis specimens using inspection, sectioning, conventional radiography, CT, and multiplanar re-formation with three-dimensional image reconstruction. Three major patterns of acetabular morphology were recognized, each reflecting a different grade of severity of dysplasia. Type I (positionally unstable or subluxatable) hips were characterized by acetabular deepening with prominent circumferential ossification within the transverse acetabular ligament and everted limbus. Type III (dislocated) hips demonstrated definite false acetabula separated from triangular remnants of the true acetabula by ossified inverted limbi. Type II (subluxated) hips revealed an intermediate pattern, with acetabular elongation and ossification of deformed limbi, but without definite pseudoacetabula. Computed tomography, particularly with three-dimensional analysis, was extremely useful in characterizing the abnormal acetabular morphology of untreated CDH. An awareness of the secondary osseous alterations of this disorder facilitates understanding the spectrum of hip instability and its soft tissue abnormalities.

Acetabulum↗