Legal abortion in Italy, 1978-1980.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to S L Tosi.
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Most alloantisera directed against the rabbit allotypes b4, b5, and b6 cross-reacted with hare IgG. The determinants recognized by antisera against the three allotypes were shown to reside on the same hare L chains. Hare immunoglobulins, when injected into b4, b5, or b9 rabbits, elicited the formation of antibodies which reacted with hare IgG and cross-reacted with those rabbit allotypes (except b9) absent from the recipient. The anti-b9 antisera tested lacked reactivity with hare IgG.
Eight out of 12 anti-b9 antisera tested strongly bound 125IgG of only one of four individual cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus). In addition to this apparent polymorphism of a b9 homologue in cottontail rabbits, a polymorphism defined by some anti-b5 antisera was found. Three of 15 anti-b5 antisera reacted with IgG from only two of the four cottontail rabbits. Reactions with anti-b4 and anti-b6 were similar to those with hare IgG. Most anti-b4 and anti-b6 antisera bound the IgG from each animal. The cottontails we tested also resembled the hare with respect to their weak reactivity with some anti-a2 antisera (Vh allotype) and strong reactivity with anti-15 (an allotype localized in the Fc portion of rabbit gamma-chains).
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In 1980 and 1981, there were 446,430 legal abortions performed in Italy. There were about 345 legal abortions per 1,000 live births in 1980 and 363 in 1981. About 1.6 percent of women aged 15-49 obtained abortions in both years. An analysis of the characteristics of Italian women who obtained abortions indicates that most were married (about 70 percent), aged 18-36 (74 percent), had had less than a high school education (74 percent) and had had at least one previous live birth (70-75 percent). In 1981, 88 percent of abortions were obtained in public hospitals; 58 percent were carried out at eight or fewer weeks of gestation; and 78 percent were performed under general anesthesia. Only 20 percent were performed without an overnight stay in the hospital; and over 40 percent of women were hospitalized for two days or longer. Infection after the abortion was reported in only 0.03 percent of cases in 1981, and hemorrhage was reported in only 0.27 percent. In 1981, between 43 percent and 84 percent of gynecologists (depending on the region of the country) declined to perform abortions on grounds of conscience.