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Biomedical subjects

S Laird

Publications and source records attributed to S Laird.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effect of laparoscopic ovarian diathermy on circulating inhibin B in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic ovarian diathermy (LOD) frequently induces ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The mechanism by which this effect occurs remains largely unexplained. The aim of this study was to measure changes in inhibin B production in response to LOD to see whether this could explain the mechanism of action of LOD. METHODS: This prospective study included 50 anovulatory women with PCOS. All women underwent LOD. Blood samples were collected before and after LOD to measure plasma concentrations of inhibin B, gonadotrophins and androgens. RESULTS: The pre-operative median plasma concentration of inhibin B was 110.0 pg/ml (range 19.0-567.0 pg/ml). There was a statistically significant inverse correlation (r= -0.286; P < 0.05) between body mass index (BMI) and inhibin B. Non-obese women with PCOS (BMI 30 kg/m2; n=13). Following LOD, 39 women ovulated. No statistically significant change of inhibin B after LOD was observed in the overall group of women with PCOS or in the subgroup of non-obese PCOS women with higher pre-operative inhibin B. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of any change of inhibin B after LOD makes it unlikely that this hormone has any role to play in the mechanism of action of LOD.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Use of human menopausal gonadotropins in the treatment of endometrial defects associated with recurrent miscarriage: preliminary report.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that controlled ovarian stimulation by gonadotropins, which enhances estrogen priming, is of beneficial value in the treatment of endometrial defects associated with recurrent miscarriage. DESIGN: A retrospective, observational, nonrandomized study. SETTING: A regional recurrent miscarriage clinic in a teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): Twenty-one subjects with otherwise unexplained recurrent miscarriage who had retarded endometrial development in the mid-luteal phase. Endometrial biopsies were timed by the luteinizing hormone surge. INTERVENTION(S): Controlled ovarian stimulation using human menopausal gonadotropins and repeat endometrial biopsy in the treatment cycle in 13 subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Histological dating of endometrial biopsy in treatment cycles and miscarriage rate in treatment and nontreatment cycles. RESULT(S): Eleven (85%) of the 13 biopsies in the treatment cycle were found to be normal. The miscarriage rate in the treatment group, 2 of 13, was significantly lower than that in the nontreatment group (7/12) (chi2 5.0, P<.05). CONCLUSION(S): In this small series, preliminary experience suggests that controlled ovarian stimulation by human menopausal gonadotropins in the follicular phase is an effective treatment for luteal phase defect associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. There is now a case for a prospective, controlled study to confirm the value of such a treatment.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed2000

Endocrinological and endometrial factors in recurrent miscarriage.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the endocrinological and endometrial factors in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage DESIGN: Prospective, case study SETTING: Recurrent miscarriage clinic, Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and forty-four women with unexplained recurrent (> or =3) miscarriages METHODS: A blood sample was obtained in early follicular phase (day 3-5) to measure follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, prolactin, androgens and thyroid function; daily blood/urine samples were obtained from mid-follicular phase to measure luteinising hormone until the luteinising hormone surge was identified; endometrial biopsy and a further blood sample for progesterone measurement were obtained in the mid-luteal phase. A transvaginal ultrasonography was performed to evaluate ovarian morphology. RESULTS: Hypersecretion of luteinising hormone or ultrasonographic features of polycystic ovarian disease was present in 8% and 7.8% of women, respectively. The free androgen index was elevated in 14.6% of subjects. In the mid-luteal phase, low progesterone level was found in 17.4% and delayed endometrial development was noted in 27.1% of women. Although women with recurrent miscarriage women and delayed endometrium had significantly lower progesterone levels than those with normal endometrial development, only 8/24 had mid-luteal progesterone levels below 30 nmol/L. Recurrent miscarriage was not associated with hyperprolactinaemia or abnormal thyroid function test. CONCLUSIONS: Endocrinological and endometrial abnormalities are present in about a quarter of women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1991

Multivariate comparison of adolescent offspring of substance abuse parents: community and treatment samples.

Adolescent offspring of substance abuse parents (SA+) were compared on the scales of the Drug Use Screening Inventory to offspring of control parents (SA-). Neither clinical nor community samples of SA+ subjects were different from controls. These findings indicate that parental substance abuse does not necessarily impart maladjustment to their offspring.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural aspects of sporogenesis in the apogamous fern Dryopteris borreri.

The events that accompany sporogenesis in the apogamous fern Dryopteris borreri parallel those seen in sexually reproducing ferns. Organelles dedifferentiate and redifferentiate, and form a discrete band across the equator of dyads; nuclear vacuoles and lipid spherosomes appear during prophase, and the major part of the ribosome population is removed and subsequently replaced during meiosis. Similar events have been found to occur during sporogenesis in mosses, gymnosperms and angiosperms, and therefore characteristic of the meiotic transition from sporophyte to gametophyte, even in the absence of a transition from diplophase to haplophase. The novel aspects of meiosis in D. borreri are largely those connected with the restitution event that precedes meiosis I and serves to maintain the sporophytic chromosome number throughout the life cycle of this fern. Pre-meiotic cells are regularly found to be cleaved by annular wall ingrowths, which traverse the cytoplasm but not the nuclei. The significance of these ingrowths in relation to theories concerning apogamy and plant cell division are discussed.

Endoplasmic Reticulum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recurrent miscarriage: aetiology, management and prognosis.

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is a heterogeneous condition. A large number of studies has recently been published, yet many of them have conflicting conclusions. The various aetiological factors, management, prognostic features and outcomes of a subsequent pregnancy in women with RM are reviewed.

Abortion, Habitual↗