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Biomedical subjects

S Lal

Publications and source records attributed to S Lal.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Acute respiratory infections in children: a study of knowledge and practices of mothers in rural Haryana.

In the present study, data were collected on knowledge and practices of mothers in two villages of Block Beri of district Rohtak for devising a standard management plan. In all 304 mothers were interviewed. About 23 per cent mothers recognised pneumonia by fast breathing and 11.2 per cent recognised severe pneumonia by chest indrawing. Only 1.3 per cent mothers knew infective origin of ARI. Although most of them were convinced about continuation of breast feeding, 70 per cent of them were advising food restriction. Use of herbal tea in ARI was widely prevalent and so was the practice of putting warm mustard oil in ear for curing ear pain. Primary Health Centre was the most frequented place for treatment of ARI and mother-in-law was the most important person in taking management decisions for the child.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Force predictions relating to tremor and other consequences of a 'distributed' model of skeletal muscle.

In this brief report, a 'distributed' computer model of skeletal muscle is described, and its predictions regarding muscle force and EMG are presented. The force and myo-electric signals are produced as the sum of the contributions of independently activated motor units possessing a distribution of properties. The results of the simulation as well as theoretical study show that: (a) asynchronous activity of motor units can be responsible for the fairly regular oscillations observed in muscle tremor; (b) the use, in the case of muscle, of the limit theorem for the superposition of independent point processes leads to erroneous conclusions with respect to the frequency characteristics of the muscle force waveform, and possibly, with regard to those of the EMG.

Electromyography↗
PubMed1979

Pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of spasmodic torticollis: a review.

The few existing neuropathological, neurochemical, and neuropharmacological studies have shed little light on the pathophysiology of spasmodic torticollis (ST). The relevance of experimental ST in animals and drug-induced ST in man to idiopathic ST is unclear. Most pharmacotherapeutic endeavors have focused on drugs affecting basal ganglia function. Unfortunately, problems of sample size, clinical heterogeneity of patient population, research design, objective evaluation of response, documentation of key data, and adequacy of duration of follow-up make interpretation of published results difficult. Because of the heterogeneity of ST, investigations aimed at establishing a neurotransmitter profile for each patient by observing the acute response to a test dose of drugs affecting cholinergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and gamma-aminobutyric acid systems may provide a more rational basis to the selection of treatment.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1979

Effect of naloxone or levallorphan on serum prolactin concentrations and apomorphine-induced growth hormone secretion.

Naloxone HCl (0.8 mg intravenously; n=9) or levallorphan tartrate (0.25 mg subcutaneously; n=5) had no effect on basal prolactin or growth hormone secretion in normal men. Neither narcotic antagonist inhibited the growth hormone secretory response to apomorphine HCl (0.75 mg subcutaneously). These findings suggest that narcotic antagonists do not block dopamine receptors in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in man and that if these agents have antischizophrenic properties then these are not mediated by dopamine receptor blockade.

Apomorphine↗
PubMed1979

Effect of clozapine on apomorphine-induced growth hormone secretion and serum prolactin concentrations in schizophrenia.

Clozapine had no effect on basal serum growth hormone concentrations in 10 schizophrenic patients but significantly inhibited the apomorphine-induced growth hormone increase that occurred in 7 subjects. Clozapine caused a slight (17%) but significant elevation in basal serum prolactin levels. These data suggest that in man clozapine, like other neuroleptics, blocks dopamine receptors, at least in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of benztropine on haloperidol-induced prolactin secretion.

The effect of benztropine on haloperidol-induced prolactin secretion was investigated in 10 normal male volunteers. Benztropine had no effect on basal prolactin secretion but significantly enhanced the increased induced by haloperidol. The magnitude of the enhancement, however, was relatively small. These data suggest that in man cholinergic mechanisms have no effect on basal prolactin secretion but exert a weak inhibitory effect under conditions of dopamine receptor blockade. Differences in intrinsic anticholinergic properties may account for some of the variations in potency of different neuroleptics in increasing circulating prolactin concentrations.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effect of opioid peptides on L-noradrenaline-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in homogenates of rat cerebral cortex and hypothalamus.

Morphine and the opioid peptides leucine-enkephalin (leu-enk), methionine-enkephalin (met-enk) and beta-endorphin had no effect on basal cyclic AMP levels in rat cerebral cortex and hypothalamus, but each inhibited noradrenaline (NA)-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in both brain regions. This inhibition was reversed by naloxone. Naloxone did not reverse phentolamine- or propranolol-induced inhibition of NA-stimulated cyclic AMP formation. The increase in cyclic AMP formation induced by NaF or MnCl2 was unaffected by met-enk or morphine. These data suggest that in rat cerebral cortex and hypothalamus opiates bind to opiate receptors and that the opiate-receptor complex interferes with noradrenergic receptor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in human cerebellar cortex slices: effect of monoamine receptor agonists and antagonists.

Noradrenaline, isoproterenol, adrenaline or clonidine stimulate cyclic AMP formation in human cerebellar cortex 15-20 fold and serotonin or dopamine 3-fold. The increase by noradrenaline or clonidine is dose-dependent. Propranolol completely blocks the increase induced by noradrenaline or isoproterenol but not that by clonidine. Phentolamine was ineffective in blocking cyclic AMP formation induced by noradrenaline, isoproterenol, adrenaline or clonidine. Chlorpromazine completely blocked the increase induced by noradrenaline, isoproterenol, clonidine, serotonin or dopamine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Effect of lithium on hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic function.

The effect of lithium on apomorphine-induced growth hormone secretion and haloperidol-induced prolactin secretion was examined in eight male subjects without history of manic-depressive illness. Lithium had no effect on baseline or drug-induced changes in serum growth hormone or prolactin concentrations. These data suggest that lithium does not alter hypothalamic-pituitary dopamine receptor function.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Efficacy of co-trimoxazole in Donovanosis. A preliminary report.

Co-trimoxazole (Septrin, Wellcome) was prescribed in a dose of two tablets twice daily for the treatment of 10 patients with Donovanosis. All the patients responded well to this treatment, and the ulcers healed completely within 10 days in eight patients and within 14 days in the remaining two. Ten days' treatment with 40 tablets of co-trimoxazole is suggested as sufficient to treat Donovanosis. No adverse reactions were noted in any patient.

Drug Combinations↗