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Biomedical subjects

S Landaas

Publications and source records attributed to S Landaas.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Biochemical changes and endocrine responses in cystic fibrosis in relation to a marathon race.

Biochemical changes and endocrine responses during the New York Marathon (42195 m) were investigated in three 18-year-old male adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) and three healthy men who accompanied the CFs during the race. The ambient temperature was 20 degrees-28 degrees C and the relative humidity 98%-75% during the run. The CF patients, who had Shwachman scores of 60, 85 and 95 completed the run without major problems in 6.10, 4.42, and 4.32 h, respectively. Serum concentrations of Na and Cl decreased slightly, but the values were still within normal range. Na and Cl excretions in the urine decreased to very low levels in the CF adolescents during the run. All the other biochemical changes were similar to the changes in the controls. Aldosterone concentration increased to a higher level and maintained this increase for a longer time after the race in the CFs. Testosterone concentration decreased more in the CFs during the race compared with the controls. Growth hormone concentration showed individually varying changes in response to the exercise. This study demonstrates that patients with CF may participate in strenuous prolonged exercise even in humid and hot conditions, without untoward effects. The observed differences in hormonal responses to exercise might be explained by differences in age, training status, and relative exercise intensity rather than by hormonal or other disturbances in CF.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Vigorous exercise in a female with cystic fibrosis: spirometric, biochemical, and endocrine responses during four types of intensive exercise.

Spirometric, biochemical, and endocrine responses during a maximal ergometer cycle test and during three runs (10 km, 21.1 km, and 42.2 km) were investigated in one female with cystic fibrosis (CF) 27 years of age and in two healthy control females 26 and 29 years of age. One of the controls ran as a companion to the CF woman, while the other ran at her own speed. The CF woman has a chronic respiratory Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and her spirometric values were 50%-70% of predicted values at the time of the study. For the last years she has been training almost daily with aerobics, running, cycling, or skiing. She completed the four types of exercise without major problems. Her spirometric values increased transiently following the cycle test and for several hours following the three races (maximal 20%-30% increase of spirometric values), while the controls had transient decreases of the same variables in response to the runs. The biochemical and the hormonal changes were similar in the CF woman and the control who ran at her own speed, while the control who was a less stressed companion showed smaller changes. This study demonstrates that well-trained females with CF may participate in strenuous prolonged exercise without untoward effects.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1986

Familial combined deficiency of muscle carnitine and carnitine palmityl transferase (CPT).

Two patients, brother and sister, aged 19 and 16, with combined, partial deficiency of carnitine palmityltransferase (CPT) are reported. Both patients had recurrent exercise-related myoglobinuria. The brother had also experienced an episode of transient renal failure associated with myoglobinuria. Both had elevated CK and myoglobin in plasma between attacks. There was a normal production of lactate in ischaemic forearm exercise, but elevated levels of NH3, resulting in an increased NH3/lactate ratio; 48-h fasting caused no significant changes in cholesterol, triglycerides or glucose, no rise of CK, and a normal ketogenic response, indicating no hepatic enzyme deficiency. Muscle biopsy showed slight changes of myopathy in both patients, with scattered atrophic fibres, but no lipid accumulation or other specific changes. Biochemical analysis of muscle tissue revealed a reduction of carnitine to 48% and 40% and a reduction of CPT to 55% and 59% of normal values, which is similar to the findings in the only previous report of combined partial carnitine and CPT deficiency. The heterogeneity of the laboratory findings in CPT deficiencies and the value of the various diagnostic procedures in metabolic myopathies are discussed.

Acyltransferases↗
PubMed1986

The quality of laboratory analyses in the primary health care. A proficiency survey on hemoglobin, glucose, leucocyte count and sedimentation rate (ESR) measurements.

Freshly prepared quality control materials of different kinds were distributed by cars to all the public health centers, sanatoria and mother and child stations in Oslo. The recipients, who were unaware of the correct values, analysed each sample once without delay and reported the results back to our laboratory. A large variation was found for the measurements of sedimentation rate (ESR) and the counting of leucocytes. For the hemoglobin analyses the precision was relatively good, and also for reflectometrically measured glucose there were few extreme outlayers, though the scatter was rather wide. The accuracy was good for all the analyses. The study clearly demonstrates the need for regular quality control programs for the laboratory work in the primary health care units.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1985

Chemical analyses for early differential diagnosis between bacterial and viral meningitis.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the benefit of measuring different chemical parameters in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), at the time of admittance to hospital, for rapid differentiation between bacterial and viral meningitis. In addition to the leucocyte count, the CSF concentration of total protein, glucose (together with blood glucose), lactate, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase was determined. The results revealed that the CSF lactate and the CSF:blood glucose ratio were the two best parameters for this purpose. When the information from these analyses was combined a complete separation between the two kinds of meningitis could be obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Macroamylase immunoglobulins show high affinity for animal and human amylases.

We have examined the affinity shown by the immunoglobulin fraction from each of five sera containing macroamylase for amylases from different sources: human saliva or human, porcine, or ovine pancreas. High affinity constants, 0.4 X 10(10) to 7.2 X 10(10) L/mol, were found in competitive binding experiments with human or porcine pancreatic amylase. All but one serum yielded linear Scatchard plots, indicating that in most sera the amylase-binding immunoglobulins are homogeneous, possibly monoclonal. The immunoglobulin fractions from different sera differed in their specificity: two of them bound all four types of amylases, whereas two bound only one type. Three of the five immunoglobulin fractions showed considerably higher affinity towards one or both of the animal amylases than towards the human ones, and may be primarily directed against some animal amylase.

Amylases↗
PubMed1983

High excretion of beta-aminoisobutyric acid in patients with ketoacidosis.

High concentrations of beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) were found to be present in the urine from patients with ketoacidosis. The R-form was always the dominating isomer of BAIBA. The finding is discussed, and it is suggested that the mechanism might be a derangement in the degradation of valine.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1982

Myocardial protection during aortocoronary bypass operations. Comparison of two different operative procedures: cold chemical cardioplegia versus intermittent cross-clamping of the aorta.

Myocardial injury was studied in 40 randomized coronary patients operated on electively with coronary bypass grafting using two different techniques, (A) cardioplegic arrest and continuous cross-clamping of aorta, and (B) ischaemic arrest and intermittent cross-clamping of aorta. The released quantity of the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase was used as an indicator of myocardial injury. Of the whole group, 3 patients (8%) suffered a myocardial infarction as judged by ECG. The CK-MB release was not significantly different in the two groups. The total period of aortic cross-clamping was markedly longer in the cardioplegic group than in the intermittent clamping group. A significant correlation between the duration of aortic clamping and the amount of CK-MB release was found in the cardioplegic group. Our results indicate that the beneficial effects of cardioplegic arrest are outweighed by an unavoidable longer period of total aortic clamping as compared with the intermittent clamping technique.

Aorta↗
PubMed1981

The origin of creatine kanase BB occurring in serum during aortocoronary bypass surgery.

The serum concentration of creatine kinase (CK)-BB during and after coronary bypass surgery was measured by a sensitive and highly specific radioimmunoassay technique. All patients showed a distinct and temporary increase in CK-BB concentration shortly after the start of operation. Our results indicate that this increase has no connection with damage of the heart or the brain. Most probably the BB isoenzyme is liberated mainly from the saphenous vein as a consequence of the surgical manipulations during the heart operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The levels of serum enzymes, plasma proteins and lipids in normal infants and small children.

A group of 291 children aged 3 weeks to 6 1/2 years was examined at a public maternal and child health center and 260 of them - who were considered to be healthy - were included in the present study. By venipuncture, serum was obtained for the analysis of 6 enzymes, and plasma for the estimation of 9 proteins and for lipid analyses. In different age groups, high levels were found for alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Haptoglobin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, prealbumin and transferrin were present at low concentrations during the first months of life. Transferrin rose later in childhood to above adult levels. Only immunoglobulin M showed a sex difference, with higher values for girls. Breast-fed infants had higher (non-fasting) concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides than formula-fed babies, and they also had higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1979

Macro creatine kinase BB in serum, and some data on its prevalence.

We report the case of a patient with persistently above-normal activity of creatine kinase (CK) in serum, a major fraction of which on electrophoresis moved as a band between the MM and MB isoenzymes and on anion-exchange column chromatography eluted in the MB fraction. Measurements in the presence of specific M or B subunit-inhibitory antibodies indicated that 93% of the activity consisted of B-isomers. From these experiments we conclude that the abnormal CK is of BB nature. Gel filtration and immunoglobulin precipitation showed that the CK-BB was complexed with IgG. Normal CK-BB, when mixed with the patient's serum, was converted to macro CK-BB. In vitro stability of 37 degrees C of the abnormal enzyme was much greater than that of normal BB and MM isoenzymes. Following this finding, we then assessed 310 sera, received for enzyme assay by the clinical laboratory, for electrophoretically abnormally migrating CK isoenzymes. Of these, five (1.6%) contained such enzymes, all being of BB nature. They were of increased molecular mass, and at least three of them were complexed with IgG.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Proficiency survey of serum protein analyses in Scandinavia.

A lyophilized human pool serum was distributed to Scandinavian clinical chemical laboratories for routine quantitation of different serum proteins. The analytical repertoir of the laboratories, and the methods and reference materials used, were registered. For almost all proteins the results varied considerably between the laboratories (CV 8--29%). The reasons for this variation are discussed together with possible recommendations to improve the accuracy of protein measurements.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1977

Hereditary cholestasis combined with peripheral pulmonary stenosis and other anomalies.

A syndrome consisting of chronic intrahepatic cholestasis with retention of bile acids but with normalization of bile pigment excretion ahd blood lipids, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, vertebral anomalies and a characteristic facies is described in six patients, including a father and his daughter. An autosomal dominant mode of inheritance is suggested.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

Inhibition of branched-chain amino acid degradation by ketone bodies.

The present study deals with mechanisms for the accumulation of intermediates in the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids in patients with ketoacidosis. Two different systems have been developed to measure the degradation rates of leucine and valine intermediates in rat liver mitochondria. 3-Hydroxybutyrate was found to inhibit the conversion of isobutyryl-CoA to propionyl-CoA, and this appeared to be partly due to an elevated NADH2/NAD ratio. 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase was strongly inhibited by acetoacetyl-CoA and to a lesser extent by the nonesterified ketone bodies. These inhibitory effects of ketone bodies may explain the accumulation of branched-chain amino acid intermediates during ketoacidosis.

Animals↗